Back to Basics in Palaeontology

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Paleobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 8 January 2025 | Viewed by 6395

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Odyssée Villers Paléospace, Avenue Jean Moulin, 14640 Villers-sur-Mer, France
Interests: fundamentals; natural history; multidisciplinarity; first hand bibliography; actualism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Paleontology, since its birth in 1822 by de Blainville, has never stopped to evolve, integrating all scientific approaches: from comparative anatomy, as was expected, at the very beginning, to geology and biology. This particular science, at the interface between geology and biology, is not an “exact science”, but tries to be as logical as possible by compiling all possibilities to retrieve information from the past. In the 18th and 19th centuries, geology and biology were used, and from the middle of the 20th century on, geochemistry, mathematics, 3D modeling, and other disciplines were also integrated.

This natural history science is always trying to make facelifts, always evolving according to discoveries of new materials or new approaches, but this old lady has a problem with her memory.

Since 1822, many papers have been written, sometimes on newspapers which are difficult to retrieve or on material which has since disappeared due to wars and other events.

In history, we say we do not learn from the past. In paleontology, we have the same problem: we forget what has already been discovered. The first researchers were like us, curious, with a more multidisciplinary approach, compiling all data they could find: they were naturalists.

Having time to study and publish, some of them would appear to be incredibly modern even now.

We invite all our colleagues to come back to their senses, and compare their material with other taxa, systematically unzooming from their own taxon and comparing it with other ones, or even considering it across its history.

In this Special Issue, we welcome contributions including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  1. How did my fossil take part in the history of my taxon? Why does it differ from the others and what were its descendants, or why has it disappeared? All paleobiogeographical topics are welcome.
  2. How does my taxon interact with other taxa? How it could survive ahead of the others? What was its paleoecology? Its fossil was a living organism, that breathed, fed, fought, bred, and rested. Where and how did it do all that, and with what coexisting organisms? Paleoecological topics are especially welcome.

Not to focus only on one taxon and on one site at a time: sometimes we lose sight of the fact that this fossil was a living organism. Not to have only one paragraph as the conclusion of our papers: this is the challenge we set to you.

Dr. Hua Stephane
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fundamentals
  • natural history
  • multidisciplinarity
  • first hand bibliography
  • actualism

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 7387 KiB  
Article
The Palaeobiology of Two Crown Group Cnidarians: Haootia quadriformis and Mamsetia manunis gen. et sp. nov. from the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, Canada
by D. McIlroy, G. Pasinetti, D. Pérez-Pinedo, C. McKean, S. C. Dufour, J. J. Matthews, L. R. Menon, R. Nicholls and R. S. Taylor
Life 2024, 14(9), 1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091096 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 4110
Abstract
The Ediacaran of eastern Newfoundland preserves the world’s oldest known eumetazoan body fossils, as well as the earliest known record of fossilized muscular tissue. Re-examination of the holotype of the eight-armed Haootia quadriformis in terms of its morphology, the arrangement of its muscle [...] Read more.
The Ediacaran of eastern Newfoundland preserves the world’s oldest known eumetazoan body fossils, as well as the earliest known record of fossilized muscular tissue. Re-examination of the holotype of the eight-armed Haootia quadriformis in terms of its morphology, the arrangement of its muscle filament bundles, and hitherto undescribed aspects of its anatomy support its interpretation as a crown staurozoan. We also document several new fossils preserving muscle tissue with a different muscular architecture to Haootia, but with only four arms. This new material allows us to describe a new crown group staurozoan, Mamsetia manunis gen. et sp. nov. This work confirms the presence of crown group medusozoan cnidarians of the Staurozoa in the Ediacaran of Newfoundland circa 565 Ma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Back to Basics in Palaeontology)
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14 pages, 8703 KiB  
Article
Multiple Non-Destructive Approaches to Analysis of the Early Silurian Chain Coral Halysites from South China
by Xinyi Ren, Yazhou Hu, Peiyu Liu, Yue Liang, Feiyang Chen, Hao Qiu, Luke C. Strotz, Kun Liang and Zhifei Zhang
Life 2024, 14(8), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14081014 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 724
Abstract
Cnidarians are among the most important diploblastic organisms, elucidating many of the early stages of Metazoan evolution. However, Cnidarian fossils from Cambrian deposits have been rarely documented, mainly due to difficulties in identifying early Cnidarian representatives. Halysites, a tabulate coral from Silurian [...] Read more.
Cnidarians are among the most important diploblastic organisms, elucidating many of the early stages of Metazoan evolution. However, Cnidarian fossils from Cambrian deposits have been rarely documented, mainly due to difficulties in identifying early Cnidarian representatives. Halysites, a tabulate coral from Silurian reef systems, serves as a crucial taxon for interpreting Cambrian cnidarians. Traditionally, the biological characteristics of Halysites have been analyzed using methods limited by pretreatment requirements (destructive testing) and the chamber size capacity of relevant analytical instruments. These constraints often lead to irreversible information loss and inadequate data extraction. This means that, to date, there has been no high-resolution three-dimensional mineralization analysis of Halysites. This study aims to introduce novel, non-destructive techniques to analyze the internal structure and chemical composition of Halysites. Furthermore, it seeks to elucidate the relationship between coral organisms and biomineralization in reef settings and to compare Silurian Tabulata with putative Cambrian cnidarians. Techniques such as micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (micro-XRF), micro-X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed in this research. With the help of high-resolution micro-CT scanning, we identify the growth pattern of Halysites, showing both lateral and vertical development. The lateral multiple-branching growth pattern of Halysites corals is first established herein. The flaggy corallite at the initial stage of branching is also observed. The micro-XRF mapping results reveal the occurrence of septa spines for Halysites, a trait previously thought rare or absent. Additionally, the ratio of coral volume to the surrounding rock was assessed, revealing that Halysites reefs were relatively sparse (volume ratio = ~30%). The cavities between Halysites likely provided more space for other organisms (e.g., rugose corals and bryozoans) when compared to other coral reef types. Additionally, we provide a comparative analysis of post-Cambrian colonial calcareous skeletons, offering insights into the structural features and growth patterns of early skeletal metazoans across the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Back to Basics in Palaeontology)
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32 pages, 46102 KiB  
Article
Calamitean Cones and Their In Situ Spores from the Pennsylvanian Limnic Basins of the Czech Republic
by Jiří Bek and Jana Votočková Frojdová
Life 2024, 14(6), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060701 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 573
Abstract
This paper describes the in situ spores of the Calamospora type, macerated from sixty-one specimens of calamitean cones belonging to sixteen species of genera, such as the Palaeostachya, Macrostachya, Calamostachys, and Huttonia from the Pennsylvanian Czech Republic period, specifically from [...] Read more.
This paper describes the in situ spores of the Calamospora type, macerated from sixty-one specimens of calamitean cones belonging to sixteen species of genera, such as the Palaeostachya, Macrostachya, Calamostachys, and Huttonia from the Pennsylvanian Czech Republic period, specifically from the Moscovian/Kasimovian ages (i.e., Duckmantian-Stephanian). The in situ spores were compared to twenty dispersed species of Calamospora. The majority of spores were microspores; however, some cones yielded both micro- and megaspores. Morphological variations of the in situ spores, including the diameter, labrum, contact area, ontogenetic stages, and secondary folds of the exine, are described, including their importance for the classification of calamospores. The relationships of Elaterites, Pteroretis, Vestispora, and some monopseudosaccate spores are discussed. All Paleozoic Calamospora-producing parent plants are summarized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Back to Basics in Palaeontology)
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Review

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25 pages, 4345 KiB  
Review
A Worldwide Annotated Checklist of Fossil (Devonian–Cretaceous) Species of the Clam Shrimp Genus Euestheria (Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata)
by Shaohua Fang and Huanyu Liao
Life 2024, 14(11), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111438 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 420
Abstract
Clam shrimps are one of the most common and representative invertebrates in continental strata and are endowed with important biostratigraphic and paleoecological values. The genus Euestheria is one of the most common clam shrimp taxa that has been recorded in the latest Paleozoic [...] Read more.
Clam shrimps are one of the most common and representative invertebrates in continental strata and are endowed with important biostratigraphic and paleoecological values. The genus Euestheria is one of the most common clam shrimp taxa that has been recorded in the latest Paleozoic and the Mesozoic around the world. A list of all the species assigned to Euestheria, recorded from the Devonian to the Cretaceous across all seven continents as of September 2024, is provided. The list may serve as a valuable resource, potentially useful for the biostratigraphic division and long-range correlations of continental strata. In addition, the taxonomic issues of the genus are briefly introduced and examined herein. The study aims to provide a simple lead-in for all the researchers who have an interest in clam shrimp and the genus Euestheria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Back to Basics in Palaeontology)
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