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Life
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Exercise Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field
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Exercise Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 4324

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ai-Lun Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan
Interests: exercise physiology; cardiovascular physiology; metabolic syndrome; cardiopulmonary function; aging; physical therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are organizing a Special Issue of Life, with the aim of collating international, peer-reviewed and open access scientific studies related to fundamental themes in life sciences, from basic to applied research. For detailed information on the journal, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/life/.

Exercise has been known to alleviate most cardiovascular risk factors and improve cardiovascular health, especially for those with chronic diseases and the aging population. According to the ACSM recommendations, moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, as well as physical activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance, are suggested for people of all ages and special populations. Exploration of the influences from various types or strategies of exercise on cardiovascular health should be discussed for improving the overall health care. This Special Issue is open to any subject area related to the influence of exercise in the cardiovascular field. The listed keywords suggest just a few of the many possibilities.

Prof. Dr. Ai-Lun Yang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aerobic exercise
  • resistance exercise
  • athletic training
  • blood pressure
  • arterial stiffness
  • endothelial function
  • cardiovascular disease
  • aging

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2910 KiB  
Article
Agreement between Ultra-Short-Term and Standard Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Resting and Post-Exercise Conditions
by Kai Jin, Zhenxiang Guo, Zining Qiao, Meng Liu, Yi Yang and Changnan Xu
Life 2024, 14(7), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070837 - 30 Jun 2024
Viewed by 970
Abstract
Background: Short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is widely used in assessing autonomic nervous system activity during exercise. While shortening the HRV measurement duration can help improve its application efficiency, its accuracy needs to be verified. This study investigated the agreement [...] Read more.
Background: Short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is widely used in assessing autonomic nervous system activity during exercise. While shortening the HRV measurement duration can help improve its application efficiency, its accuracy needs to be verified. This study investigated the agreement between ultra-short-term (UST) HRV (3 or 4 min) and standard 5 min HRV and explored the optimal recording duration under resting and post-exercise conditions. Methods: Fourteen participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% of their maximum peak power. Data were collected during the rest condition (Pre-E) and three post-exercise conditions (Post-E1, Post-E2, and Post-E3), with indicators of the standard deviation (SDNN) of the ultra-short and short-term RR intervals and the root mean square (RMSSD) of the continuous difference between RR intervals. Repeated measures ANOVA, Cohen’s d statistic, Bland–Altman analysis, and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed the agreement between UST-HRV and ST-HRV. Results: The consistency results of SDNN and RMSSD in resting and post-exercise were different. At the Pre-E, Post-E2, and Post-E3 phases, no statistical differences for SDNN and RMSSD were observed, with ICCs surpassing 0.9, indicating a high level of agreement. However, at Post-E2, there was a significant difference between 3 min RMSSD and 5 min RMSSD (p < 0.05), as well as between 3 min SDNN, 4 min SDNN, and 5 min SDNN (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the limits of agreement were observed to decrease as the time duration increased in Bland–Altman plots. Conclusions: UST-HRV analysis is a reliable substitute for standard 5 min HRV assessment, particularly during resting conditions. For post-exercise measurements, assessing the appropriateness of a 3- or 4 min duration based on the exercise’s length is recommended to ensure accuracy and reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field)
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17 pages, 4195 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study: Cardioprotective Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Ischaemic Preconditioning in Rat Myocardial Ischaemia–Reperfusion
by Jia-Yuan Zhang, Szu-Kai Fu, Hsia-Ling Tai, Kuo-Wei Tseng, Chia-Yu Tang, Chia-Hsien Yu and Chang-Chi Lai
Life 2024, 14(3), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030310 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1692
Abstract
(1) Background: Years of research have identified ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as a crucial endogenous protective mechanism against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, enhancing the myocardial cell’s tolerance to subsequent ischemic damage. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted by athletes because it reduces exercise duration and [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Years of research have identified ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as a crucial endogenous protective mechanism against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, enhancing the myocardial cell’s tolerance to subsequent ischemic damage. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted by athletes because it reduces exercise duration and improves metabolic response and cardiopulmonary function. Our objective was to evaluate and compare whether HIIT and IPC could reduce myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. (2) Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham surgery, coronary artery occlusion (CAO), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and ischemic preconditioning (IPC). The CAO, HIIT, and IPC groups experienced 40 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion to induce myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples along with cardiac tissues were examined. The HIIT group received 4 weeks of training before surgery, and the IPC group underwent preconditioning before the ischemia–reperfusion procedure. (3) Results: The HIIT and IPC interventions significantly reduced the extent of the myocardial infarction size and the levels of serum troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase. Through these two interventions, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly decreased, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Furthermore, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins PTEN, caspase-3, TNF-α, and Bax in the myocardium was reduced, and the expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was increased, ultimately reducing cellular apoptosis in the myocardium. In conclusion, both HIIT and IPC demonstrated effective strategies with potential for mitigating myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury for the heart. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field)
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Other

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18 pages, 2282 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Resistance Exercise with and without Blood Flow Restriction on Acute Hemodynamic Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Anderson Geremias Macedo, Danilo Alexandre Massini, Tiago André Freire Almeida, Luciana Maria dos Reis, Giovane Galdino, Adriana Teresa Silva Santos, Osvaldo Tadeu da Silva Júnior, Rubens Venditti Júnior and Dalton Muller Pessôa Filho
Life 2024, 14(7), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070826 - 28 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1128
Abstract
Low-load intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an alternative method for enhancing strength and muscle mass. However, acute cardiovascular responses to a complete training session remain uncertain compared to high-load intensity resistance exercise (HI). Therefore, the objective of this study [...] Read more.
Low-load intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an alternative method for enhancing strength and muscle mass. However, acute cardiovascular responses to a complete training session remain uncertain compared to high-load intensity resistance exercise (HI). Therefore, the objective of this study to examine acute and post-exercise hemodynamic responses to low-load BFR and HI protocols. This systematic review and meta-analysis (RD42022308697) followed PRISMA guidelines to investigate whether the responses of heart rate (HR), blood systolic (SBP), blood diastolic pressure (DBP), and rate pressure product (RPP) immediately after and up to 60 min post-exercise from BFR were consistent with those reported after resistance exercises performed at HI in healthy individuals. Searches using PICO descriptors were conducted in databases from January 2011 to December 2023, and effect sizes were determined by Hedge’s g. The selected studies involved 160 participants in nine articles, for which the responses immediately after BFR and HI exercises showed no differences in HR (p = 0.23) or SBP (p = 0.57), but significantly higher DBP (p < 0.01) and lower RPP (p < 0.01) responses were found when comparing BFR to HI. Furthermore, the BFR and HI protocols showed no differences regarding SBP (p = 0.21) or DBP (p = 0.68) responses during a 15 to 60 min post-exercise period. Thus, these results indicated that hemodynamic responses are similar between BFR and HI, with a similar hypotensive effect up to 60 min following exercise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field)
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