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Life
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Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research
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Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 18168

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yung-Liang Wan

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Interests: ultrasound; medical imaging; diagnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Po-Hsiang Tsui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
Interests: ultrasound imaging; ultrasound scattering; ultrasound tissue characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bao-Yu Hsieh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Interests: biomedical ultrasound; ultrasound ultrafast imaging; ultrasound elasography and Doppler imaging; photoacoustic imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Significant progress and growth in ultrasound imaging physics and techniques can be seen. Transmitting high-frequency acoustic waves into tissues and receiving echoes allows reconstructions of ultrasound images for examinations of internal structures. Ultrasound imaging provides an opportunity not only to diagnose disease but also to play the role of an image-guided tool to support target treatment to diseases. From the development of new procedures and techniques to new devices, ultrasound imaging is continuing to have a major impact on clinical diagnosis and intervention. Clinical physicians and technicians can deliver treatment while synchronously using ultrasound images to ensure proper targeting. Since research in ultrasound imaging and guided therapy is still engaged in the search of methods to improve diagnosis and performance of image-guided therapy for critical diseases, I solicit your contribution to this Special Issue of the journal, devoted to the use of ultrasound imaging and therapy in medicine and clinical research.

Prof. Dr. Yung-Liang Wan
Prof. Dr. Po-Hsiang Tsui
Prof. Dr. Bao-Yu Hsieh
Guest Editors

 

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrasound physics and engineering techniques
  • ultrasound imaging and tissue characterization
  • ultrasound imaging processing
  • ultrasound-guided therapy
  • therapeutic or high-frequency ultrasound
  • ultrasound-guided intervention
  • diagnostic ultrasound

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1755 KiB  
Article
Management of Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis via Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodilatation without Concomitant Intra-Articular Lidocaine Infusion: A Single-Center Experience
by Yung-Chieh Chen, Shu-Huei Shen, Hong-Jen Chiou and Yung-Liang Wan
Life 2022, 12(9), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091293 - 23 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1916
Abstract
Considering the potential chondrotoxic effects of lidocaine, this retrospective study aimed to examine whether ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation without concurrent lidocaine infusion can still provide comparable treatment benefits for patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC). Outpatient data from 104 eligible AC patients who received ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation [...] Read more.
Considering the potential chondrotoxic effects of lidocaine, this retrospective study aimed to examine whether ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation without concurrent lidocaine infusion can still provide comparable treatment benefits for patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC). Outpatient data from 104 eligible AC patients who received ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation between May 2016 and April 2021 were reviewed. A total of 59 patients received hydrodilatation with diluted corticosteroid only, while 45 patients received treatment with mixed, diluted corticosteroid and 1% lidocaine. The overall treatment outcome was documented as the percentage of clinical improvement, ranging from 0% to 100% compared to baseline, and it was ranked into poor, moderate and good treatment outcomes. The results show no significant group-wise difference in demographics, overall treatment outcome, and number of hydrodilatations, while most patients showed moderate and good treatment outcomes. Patients with lidocaine infusion did not show greater treatment benefit. Our results suggest that ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation without concurrent lidocaine infusion can still deliver good treatment benefits for AC patients, and the findings are supportive of a modified approach toward careful intra-articular local anesthetic use during management of AC in the primary care setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research)
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8 pages, 258 KiB  
Communication
Ultrasound Measurements of Rectus Femoris and Locomotor Outcomes in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
by Matthew Rong Jie Tay and Keng He Kong
Life 2022, 12(7), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12071073 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury have decreased mobility, and many do not recover walking ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate rectus femoris muscle thickness and echo intensity on ultrasound and functional outcomes in these patients. This was a prospective [...] Read more.
Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury have decreased mobility, and many do not recover walking ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate rectus femoris muscle thickness and echo intensity on ultrasound and functional outcomes in these patients. This was a prospective cohort study in an inpatient rehabilitation center, which recruited 40 consecutive patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. The patients underwent an ultrasound assessment at 6 weeks post-injury. Ultrasound measurements were performed using B-mode ultrasound scanning and standardized protocols. Functional outcomes on discharge, including Lower Extremity Muscle Score (LEMS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI II), were measured. Rectus femoris muscle thickness was significantly correlated with discharge LEMS (Spearman’s rho = 0.448; p = 0.004), FIM motor subscale (Spearman’s rho = 0.595; p < 0.001), FIM walk subscale (Spearman’s rho = 0.621; p < 0.001) and WISCI II (Spearman’s rho = 0.531; p < 0.001). The rectus femoris echo intensity was also significantly correlated with discharge LEMS (Spearman’s rho = −0.345; p = 0.029), FIM motor subscale (Spearman’s rho = −0.413; p = 0.008), FIM walk subscale (Spearman’s rho = −0.352; p = 0.026), and WISCI II (Spearman’s rho = −0.355; p = 0.025). We report that a relationship exists between rectus femoris muscle ultrasonographic characteristics and muscle function and ambulatory outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation. Ultrasound muscle measurements are potentially useful in assessing muscle wasting and function in patients with spinal cord injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research)
9 pages, 851 KiB  
Article
Botox Therapy for Hypertrophy of the Masseter Muscle Causes a Compensatory Increase of Stiffness of Other Muscles of Masticatory Apparatus
by Dorota Mierzwa, Cyprian Olchowy, Anna Olchowy, Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik, Paweł Dąbrowski, Sławomir Chobotow, Kinga Grzech-Leśniak, Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross and Marzena Dominiak
Life 2022, 12(6), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060840 - 6 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3795
Abstract
Little is known about the nature of masseter muscle hypertrophy. We investigated the masseter muscle stiffness change after a single intra-masseteric session of Botox injections in people with benign bilateral masseter hypertrophy and the effect of the treatment on the stiffness of the [...] Read more.
Little is known about the nature of masseter muscle hypertrophy. We investigated the masseter muscle stiffness change after a single intra-masseteric session of Botox injections in people with benign bilateral masseter hypertrophy and the effect of the treatment on the stiffness of the temporalis muscle. Stiffness of the muscles was measured with shear-wave elastography at baseline and 3 weeks after Botox injections in 22 otherwise healthy people. Before the treatment, the stiffness of the masseter was lower than of the temporalis muscle (10.18 ± 1.67 kPa vs. 11.59 ± 1.54 kPa; p = 0.002). After the treatment, this difference increased (6.38 ± 1.34 vs. 13.10 ± 1.92; p < 0.0001). The drop in the stiffness of the masseter muscle was symmetrical (left side by 3.78 kPa; right side by 3.83 kPa). No differences between the left and right sides of the face in terms of muscle stiffness were observed. The study shows that Botox injections reduce stiffness of the masticatory muscles which, in turn, increases the stiffness of the temporalis muscles. Due to the knock-on effect of the change in the masseter function on the other masticatory muscles, simultaneous evaluation and treatment of the temporalis muscle may be required to ensure the desired functional and cosmetic effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research)
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9 pages, 2870 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Hemodynamic Changes in Retrobulbar Blood Vessels Using Color Doppler Imaging in Diabetic Patients
by Gulshan Madhpuriya, Sudheer Gokhale, Alka Agrawal, Prakhar Nigam and Yung-Liang Wan
Life 2022, 12(5), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050629 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2299
Abstract
Background—Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of long-standing hyperglycemia. Microangiopathy-induced retinal changes are well-visualized on ophthalmoscopic examination. However, certain hemodynamic alterations have also been documented in the diabetic population, which have not been completely understood. Aim—To study the hemodynamic changes in retrobulbar circulation [...] Read more.
Background—Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of long-standing hyperglycemia. Microangiopathy-induced retinal changes are well-visualized on ophthalmoscopic examination. However, certain hemodynamic alterations have also been documented in the diabetic population, which have not been completely understood. Aim—To study the hemodynamic changes in retrobulbar circulation in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy, and to compare these changes with non-diabetic controls. Materials and Methods—This hospital-based prospective study included 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic patients. The diabetic groups consisted of 25 patients without retinopathy and 25 patients with retinopathy, and were labeled as Groups I and II, respectively. All subjects underwent orbital color Doppler ultrasonography using a linear high-frequency probe. The color Doppler parameters (peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI)) were measured and recorded using the spectral waveform of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA). Comparison of obtained values was carried out using appropriate tests of significance. Results—The resistive indices of the ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arteries were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). The difference was also significant between Group I and Group II. Comparison of PSV and EDV of CRA and SPCAs among three groups using one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference, with the highest blood flow velocities in the control group and the lowest in diabetics with retinopathy. The ophthalmic artery showed no significant change in blood flow velocity. Analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient provided a positive correlation between the RI values of OA, CRA, and SPCA and the presence of diabetic retinopathy (OA = r 0.417, p < 0.001; CRA = r 0.466, p < 0.001; SPCA = r 0.438; p < 0.001). Conclusions—The resistive index of OA, CRA, and SPCA is a reliable indicator to assess diabetic-associated hemodynamic changes. The use of orbital color Doppler ultrasonography in diabetic patients can help in the identification of patients who are at risk of developing retinopathy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research)
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10 pages, 2052 KiB  
Article
Transmastoid Ultrasound Detection of Middle Ear Effusion and Its Association with Clinical Audiometric Tests
by Chin-Kuo Chen, Yung-Liang Wan, Li-Chun Hsieh and Po-Hsiang Tsui
Life 2022, 12(4), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040599 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1916
Abstract
Medical history taking, otoscopy, tympanometry, and audiometry are clinical methods to diagnose middle ear effusion (MEE); however, these procedures are experience-dependent and result in misdiagnosis under unfavorable conditions of the external auditory canal in non-cooperative young children. This study aimed to explore the [...] Read more.
Medical history taking, otoscopy, tympanometry, and audiometry are clinical methods to diagnose middle ear effusion (MEE); however, these procedures are experience-dependent and result in misdiagnosis under unfavorable conditions of the external auditory canal in non-cooperative young children. This study aimed to explore the use of transmastoid ultrasound combined with the Nakagami parameter analysis to detect MEE in children aged 3–5 years and to compare the proposed method with clinical evaluation methods. A total of forty subjects were enrolled; for each subject, a single-element ultrasound transducer of 2.25 MHz was used to measure backscattered signals returned from the mastoid for estimating the Nakagami parameter, which is a measure of the echo amplitude distribution. Tympanogram and hearing loss were also measured for comparisons. The results showed that the Nakagami parameter in the patients with MEE was significantly larger than that of the normal group (p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for using the Nakagami parameter to detect MEE was 0.90, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 82.5%, 97.5%, and 79.6%, respectively. The Nakagami parameter for tympanogram types B/C was higher than that for tympanogram type A (p < 0.05); it was also higher in the subjects with hearing loss (p < 0.05). Quantitative transmastoid ultrasound based on the Nakagami parameter analysis has the potential to detect MEE and evaluate hearing loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research)
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Review

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21 pages, 11313 KiB  
Review
Update on Color Flow Imaging in Obstetrics
by Kwok-yin Leung and Yung-Liang Wan
Life 2022, 12(2), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020226 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5338
Abstract
Color flow imaging (CFI), being non-invasive, is commonly used in obstetrics to study the fetal and placental circulations. The conventional CFI modes include color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and power Doppler imaging (PDI). In recent years, there is increasing use of new modes, [...] Read more.
Color flow imaging (CFI), being non-invasive, is commonly used in obstetrics to study the fetal and placental circulations. The conventional CFI modes include color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and power Doppler imaging (PDI). In recent years, there is increasing use of new modes, including high-definition flow imaging (HDFI), radiant flow, microvascular flow imaging (MVFI), and three-/four-dimensional rendering in glass-body mode. Compared to CDFI, HDFI can show a higher resolution and sensitivity and allow the detection of slower flows. MVFI increases the sensitivity to fine or low-flow vessels while producing little or no motion artifacts. Radiant flow shows the blood flow with a sense of depth and reduces blood overflow. Glass-body mode, showing both gray-scale and color-flow information, can demonstrate the heart-cycle-related flow events and the vessel spatial relationship. In this review, the characteristics and applications of the various CFI modes in obstetrics are discussed. In particular, how these new technologies are integrated in detailed diagnostic and early morphology scans is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Imaging in Medicine Research)
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