Logistics

14 pages, 357 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synergizing TQM, JIT, and Green Supply Chain Practices: Strategic Insights for Enhanced Environmental Performance

by Aamir Rashid, Rizwana Rasheed and Noor Aina Amirah

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010018 - 28 Jan 2025

Background: This study examined the role of total quality management, just-in-time, and green supply chain management practices to improve environmental performance. Methods: Data from 207 manufacturing industry respondents from a developing economy were tested through a quantitative method using PLS-SEM with the help [...] Read more.

Background: This study examined the role of total quality management, just-in-time, and green supply chain management practices to improve environmental performance. Methods: Data from 207 manufacturing industry respondents from a developing economy were tested through a quantitative method using PLS-SEM with the help of SmartPLS to validate the measurement model. Results: The results show that just-in-time significantly impacts total quality management and green supply chain management practices. Similarly, total quality management significantly affects environmental performance. However, just-in-time insignificantly affects the environment. Likewise, total quality management is insignificant and negatively affects green supply chain practices. Conclusion: This research provides practical insight to practitioners for understanding and implementing practices in their supply chain networks. These findings support the strategic use of just-in-time and total quality management to promote green supply chain practices as a core skill to improve environmental performance. The findings are also helpful for supply chain practitioners, policymakers, and industrialists. This research enriches the literature in the supply chain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Building Resilient Reverse Supply Chains: Strategies, Technologies, and Sustainable Practices)

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24 pages, 2349 KiB

Open AccessReview

Reverse Logistics as a Catalyst for Decarbonizing Forest Products Supply Chains

by Leonel J. R. Nunes

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010017 - 21 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: The forest products industry plays a significant role in global carbon emissions, highlighting the need for sustainable practices to address the climate crisis. Reverse logistics (RL), focusing on the return, reuse, and recycling of materials, offers a promising approach to decarbonizing [...] Read more.

Background: The forest products industry plays a significant role in global carbon emissions, highlighting the need for sustainable practices to address the climate crisis. Reverse logistics (RL), focusing on the return, reuse, and recycling of materials, offers a promising approach to decarbonizing supply chains. However, its application within forest products supply chains remains underexplored. Methods: This study conducts a review of the literature on RL, its environmental implications, and its potential to reduce carbon emissions in forest products supply chains. Key areas examined include greenhouse gas reduction, waste management, and the promotion of circular economy principles. Additionally, the study evaluates case studies and models that integrate RL practices into forest-based industries. Results: The findings reveal that RL can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions by optimizing transportation routes, minimizing waste, and extending product life cycles. Incorporating these practices into forestry operations reduces the environmental impact and aligns with sustainable forestry goals. The study identifies gaps in current research, particularly regarding empirical data and the scalability of RL solutions. Conclusions: RL represents a critical strategy for decarbonizing forest products supply chains and advancing sustainable development. Future research should focus on developing standardized methodologies, enhancing technological integration, and fostering policy support to maximize its impact. These steps are essential to fully leverage RL as a tool for mitigating climate change and promoting a circular economy. Full article

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15 pages, 1035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Parcel Delivery Issues at ‘State Parcel Company’: An Examination of Customer Complaints and Interrelationships

by Kristina Čižiūnienė, Augustė Šiugždinytė and Jonas Matijošius

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010016 - 20 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: The research presented here looks into ongoing problems with the package delivery services of a State parcel company, especially concerning damaged, wrongly delivered, late, and missing packages. These problems greatly affect customer satisfaction, so it is important to understand how they are [...] Read more.

Background: The research presented here looks into ongoing problems with the package delivery services of a State parcel company, especially concerning damaged, wrongly delivered, late, and missing packages. These problems greatly affect customer satisfaction, so it is important to understand how they are connected. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-five customer complaints made between 2021 and 2023 were analyzed. Paniotto’s method was used to ensure that the study data accurately represented the situation. Pearson’s correlation coefficients helped find statistical links between different delivery problems. Results: The analysis revealed significant linkages among the core delivery issues. A strong positive correlation was found between damaged shipments and misdelivered shipments (r = 0.93835) and between prolonged delivery delays and lost goods (r = 0.9188). These findings suggest that addressing one issue may reduce the prevalence of others, given their tendency to coexist. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the necessity for the State parcel firm to execute a comprehensive strategy to improve the overall quality of parcel delivery services. Addressing concerns such as poor delivery and delays is critical since they are closely related to package damage and loss, which affects customer satisfaction. Full article

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21 pages, 2414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resilience and Adaptability in Paracetamol Supply Chains: A Systems Perspective on COVID-19 Challenges and Responses in Ethiopia

by Tsegaye Melaku, Zeleke Mekonnen, Gudina Terefe Tucho, Joe Viana, Christine Årdal and Marianne Jahre

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010015 - 20 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, including those for essential medicines like paracetamol. This study aimed to assess the resilience and adaptability of Ethiopia’s paracetamol supply chain during the pandemic. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining [...] Read more.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, including those for essential medicines like paracetamol. This study aimed to assess the resilience and adaptability of Ethiopia’s paracetamol supply chain during the pandemic. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and analysis of secondary data on paracetamol availability and supply chain disruptions. The study employed systems thinking and supply chain resilience frameworks, utilizing causal loop diagrams to visualize system dynamics. Results: Eighteen stakeholders, representing seven pharmaceutical manufacturers, five import companies, and five wholesalers, participated in the study. These participants had between three and fourteen years of experience in their respective roles. The study revealed complex interactions within the paracetamol supply chain, highlighting both challenges and adaptive responses. While 500 mg paracetamol tablets were readily available, shortages of other formulations were observed due to a range of factors, including limited product diversification, political instability, inflation, and reduced production efficiency. Conclusions: The resilience and adaptability of stakeholders, particularly manufacturers and importers, were crucial in maintaining the supply of 500 mg paracetamol tablets. Key strategies included regional sourcing, increased production, and improved partnerships. Understanding the interconnectedness of factors within the supply chain is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance its resilience and ensure sustained access to paracetamol in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)

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26 pages, 617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Empowering Humanitarian Efforts: A Dynamic Approach to Competitive Intelligence (CI)

by Emmanuel Ahatsi, Lin Nie and Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010014 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: The article examines the adoption of competitive intelligence (CI) in Ghana’s humanitarian sector, identifying barriers such as resource limitations and organizational challenges, while highlighting CI’s potential to enhance decision-making, partnerships, and efficiency. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-method research approach. [...] Read more.

Background: The article examines the adoption of competitive intelligence (CI) in Ghana’s humanitarian sector, identifying barriers such as resource limitations and organizational challenges, while highlighting CI’s potential to enhance decision-making, partnerships, and efficiency. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-method research approach. Survey questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 34 humanitarian organisations in Ghana as part of the study. Results: The study established that, few humanitarian organisations in Ghana are practising CI. Many organisations have no established and specific procedures and staff for CI. The main challenges organisations experience when implementing CI include limited resources, especially in funding, lack of skilled workforce, and limited technological support. Other challenges include the organisational culture, lack of support from organisational leadership, and competing priorities. However, the study re-vealed the benefits and opportunities of CI for Ghana’s humanitarian sector, which include better decision-making and resource utilisation, cooperation and partnerships, flexibility and prepared-ness, and organisational efficiency and outcomes. Conclusion: The study concluded that the human-itarian organisations in Ghana will need to address the challenges mentioned above and build on those opportunities to harness the potential of CI effectively. Some suggestions include the sensitisation of CI, resource mobilisation, capacity development, culture change, and CI institutionalisation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)

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20 pages, 3548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Material Flow and Product Allocation in Inter-Unit Operations: A Case Study of a Refrigerator Manufacturing Facility

by Selman Karagoz and Yasin Karagoz

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010013 - 16 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Logistics operations are integral to manufacturing systems, particularly in the transportation processes that occur not only between facilities and stakeholders but also between warehouses and workstations within a facility. The design of functional areas and allocating goods to appropriate zones within [...] Read more.

Background: Logistics operations are integral to manufacturing systems, particularly in the transportation processes that occur not only between facilities and stakeholders but also between warehouses and workstations within a facility. The design of functional areas and allocating goods to appropriate zones within the warehouse management system (WMS) are critical activities that substantially influence the efficiency of manufacturing logistics operations. Methods: This study develops a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model to optimize material flow and product routing in manufacturing. The model identifies efficient pathways, assigns products to routes, and determines the required material-handling equipment. It is implemented in Python (3.11.5) using the Pyomo (6.7.3) package and the CBC solver (2.10.11), with sensitivity analysis performed on constraints and decision variables to evaluate robustness. Results: The findings indicate that Material Flow 3 and Material-Handling Equipment 1 represent the optimal configurations for managing the majority of goods within the manufacturing system. Conclusions: The proposed mathematical model supports the decision-making process by enabling adjustments to the proportions of functional areas within the manufacturing logistics system, ensuring operational efficiency and flexibility in response to changing demands. Furthermore, the study offers managerial insights and suggests directions for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics)

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18 pages, 830 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unboxing: Exploring the Challenges of Green Supply Chain Initiatives in Thailand

by Wethaya Faijaidee, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao and Pornsiri Jongkol

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010012 - 16 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: The increasing global focus on sustainability has made Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) a critical strategy for businesses to balance environmental responsibility with operational efficiency. Despite its benefits, GSCM adoption in developing countries faces significant challenges. This study addresses the gap by [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing global focus on sustainability has made Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) a critical strategy for businesses to balance environmental responsibility with operational efficiency. Despite its benefits, GSCM adoption in developing countries faces significant challenges. This study addresses the gap by investigating these barriers within the Thai context, providing actionable insights for policymakers and businesses. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a survey of 480 business owners, executives, and supply chain employees, and expert analysis using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The ISM technique was used to determine the relationships and hierarchy among key barriers to GSCM implementation. Results: The findings reveal that weak legal frameworks, insufficient supplier engagement, and a lack of social responsibility are the most significant barriers. Secondary factors, such as low consumer demand and minimal competitive pressure, exacerbate these challenges. The ISM analysis highlighted the cascading effects of foundational barriers on other dimensions of GSCM adoption. Conclusions: Strengthening environmental regulations, promoting supplier collaboration, and embedding sustainability in corporate culture are key to overcoming GSCM barriers to sustainably enhance Thailand’s competitiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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24 pages, 811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Digital Technology, Automation, and Data Integration on Supply Chain Performance: Exploring the Moderating Role of Digital Transformation

by Ahmad Ali Atieh, Alhareth Abu Hussein, Saheer Al-Jaghoub, Ahmad Fathi Alheet and Murad Attiany

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010011 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: This study investigates digital transformation as a moderating variable in determining the effect of digital technologies, automation, and data integration of upstream and downstream providers on supply chain performance. By filling the existing research gap, the study reveals that more research regarding [...] Read more.

Background: This study investigates digital transformation as a moderating variable in determining the effect of digital technologies, automation, and data integration of upstream and downstream providers on supply chain performance. By filling the existing research gap, the study reveals that more research regarding how digital transformation interventions impact the effectiveness of these technologies for industrial supply chains must be understood. Methods: A structured survey was applied to 181 supply chain managers in manufacturing firms scattered across Jordan. Results: The findings using SmartPLS for statistical analysis indicated that automation has the strongest positive effect on supply chain performance, followed by data integration. But digital technology did not have a significant direct effect, unless it was accompanied by broader digital transformation initiatives. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study reinforces digital transformation theory as a vital framework, whereas in practice, it invokes the strategic deployment of automation and integrated data application designs to underpin supply chain efficiency and competitiveness. Finally, this study offers practical guidance for practitioners who seek to employ the use of digital transformation in the current dynamic business environment. Full article

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15 pages, 9722 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Autonomous Van and Robot Last-Mile Logistics Platform: A Reference Architecture and Proof of Concept Implementation

by Marc Guerreiro Augusto, Julian Maas, Martin Kosch, Manuel Henke, Tobias Küster, Frank Straube and Sahin Albayrak

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010010 - 14 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: With urban logistics facing challenges such as high delivery volumes and driver shortages, autonomous driving emerges as a promising solution. However, the integration of autonomous vans and robots into existing fulfillment processes and platforms remains largely unexplored. Method: This paper [...] Read more.

Background: With urban logistics facing challenges such as high delivery volumes and driver shortages, autonomous driving emerges as a promising solution. However, the integration of autonomous vans and robots into existing fulfillment processes and platforms remains largely unexplored. Method: This paper addresses this gap by developing and piloting a comprehensive blueprint architecture tailored for autonomous mobility in urban last-mile delivery. The proposed framework integrates autonomous vehicle operations, data processing, and stakeholder collaboration. Results: Through initial implementation and piloting, we demonstrate the practical applicability and advantages of this architecture. Conclusions: This study contributes to the understanding of essential data, services, and tools, providing a valuable guideline for Logistics Service Providers aiming to implement autonomous last-mile delivery solutions. Full article

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16 pages, 592 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leveraging Blockchain for Transparency: A Study on Organ Supply Chains and Transplant Processes

by Rashmi Ranjan Panigrahi, Subhodeep Mukherjee, Zakir Hossen Shaikh and Naji Mansour Nomran

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010009 - 9 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Organ transplants require proper monitoring and tracking. This research examines the adoption of blockchain in the organ supply chain to bring transparency and help patients avoid the fraud that may be faced in the organ transplant process. This study aims to [...] Read more.

Background: Organ transplants require proper monitoring and tracking. This research examines the adoption of blockchain in the organ supply chain to bring transparency and help patients avoid the fraud that may be faced in the organ transplant process. This study aims to develop a framework and measure for creating transparency in the organ supply chain. A rigorous literature review identified eight constructs for blockchain adoption in organ supply chains and proposed hypotheses. Methods: Using a structured questionnaire, 286 valid responses were collected from the hospitals. Structural equation modelling was used to test and validate the model. Results: The study’s findings indicate that social influence, trust, facilitating conditions, government support, performance expectancy, data security and privacy, and technology affinity positively impact blockchain adoption in organ transplants. The hypothesis that was rejected was related to effort expectancy and technology readiness. Most respondents agreed that blockchain technology is necessary for a tracking and tracing system in the organ supply chain. Conclusions: This research will support transparency in the organ supply chain, eliminate intermediaries from organ transplants, and ensure organ quality, ultimately benefiting the organ donor and receiver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Inventory Management in Healthcare Supply Chains)

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35 pages, 2441 KiB

Open AccessReview

Critical Analysis of Technologies Enhancing Supply Chain Collaboration in the Food Industry: A Nigerian Survey

by Ebenezer Akinbamini, Alix Vargas, Angela Traill, Andrés Boza and Llanos Cuenca

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010008 - 9 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Supply chain collaboration technologies (SCCTs) are digital tools designed to enhance communication, coordination, and integration among supply chain stakeholders. These tools are essential for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and traceability within complex supply chain networks, particularly in the food industry. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: Supply chain collaboration technologies (SCCTs) are digital tools designed to enhance communication, coordination, and integration among supply chain stakeholders. These tools are essential for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and traceability within complex supply chain networks, particularly in the food industry. Methods: This study focuses on the statistical analysis of survey data to evaluate the adoption and impact of SCCTs, including blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), enterprise resource planning (ERP), and artificial intelligence (AI), in Nigeria’s food industry. Results: The results reveal critical insights into the adoption barriers, perceived benefits, and gaps in implementation. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques highlight significant variations in technology across different sectors, uncovering key factors influencing the integration of SCCTs. The findings demonstrate that while the technologies hold substantial potential to optimize supply chain performance, their acceptance is constrained by infrastructural deficiencies, regulatory challenges, under-developed trust-building mechanisms, and limited technical expertise. Conclusions: This paper underscores the importance of targeted interventions, policy support, and resource allocation to foster the effective utilization of SCCTs. The study provides data-driven recommendations for improving technology uptake, contributing to the sustainability and competitiveness of Nigeria’s food supply chain. Full article

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22 pages, 4532 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overall Warehouse Effectiveness (OWE): A New Integrated Performance Indicator for Warehouse Operations

by Alessandro Chiaraviglio, Sabrina Grimaldi, Giovanni Zenezini and Carlo Rafele

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010007 - 8 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Warehouses play a vital role in logistics systems, not only for storing goods but also for providing value-added services. To improve warehouse productivity and reduce costs, it is essential to measure their performance and identify inefficiencies. Method: This paper introduces a [...] Read more.

Background: Warehouses play a vital role in logistics systems, not only for storing goods but also for providing value-added services. To improve warehouse productivity and reduce costs, it is essential to measure their performance and identify inefficiencies. Method: This paper introduces a new aggregated key performance indicator (KPI), called Overall Warehouse Effectiveness (OWE), to evaluate the efficiency effectiveness of the physical structure of a warehouse. OWE utilizes the concepts of Availability, Performance and Quality, similar to the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) metric used in manufacturing. Results: The proposed indicator is then applied to a case study to demonstrate its use and provide theoretical and practical implications. Conclusions: In terms of theoretical implications, the proposed metric fills a gap in the literature by providing an aggregated indicator specifically designed for storage systems. For practitioners, OWE enables the identification of efficiency waste, customer service faults and adequacy of inventory management policies. Full article

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32 pages, 3326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Topological Resilience of Shipping Alliances in Maritime Transportation Networks

by Tiago Novaes Mathias, Yoshihisa Sugimura, Tomoya Kawasaki and Yasuhiro Akakura

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010006 - 3 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: The resilience of shipping alliances within the global maritime container network (GMCN) has critical implications for global trade. This study examines the topological robustness of strategic alliances (SAs) in liner shipping, focusing on their structural properties and responses to disruptions. Methods [...] Read more.

Background: The resilience of shipping alliances within the global maritime container network (GMCN) has critical implications for global trade. This study examines the topological robustness of strategic alliances (SAs) in liner shipping, focusing on their structural properties and responses to disruptions. Methods: Using pre-2019 container vessel schedule data, we constructed a weighted node-edge network model of the GMCN. Centrality metrics were computed to identify critical nodes, and simulations were conducted to evaluate network robustness under random failures (RFs) and targeted attacks (TAs). Results: The results highlight the GMCN’s scale-free topology, which fosters resilience against RFs but exposes vulnerabilities to TAs on high-centrality nodes like Singapore and Shanghai. Among alliances, 2M and Ocean demonstrated superior resilience, attributed to strategic port selection and extensive coverage, yet their reliance on central hubs presents significant risks. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of alliance-specific strategies, such as infrastructure investments and redundancy planning, to mitigate vulnerabilities. By bridging gaps in existing literature, the research provides insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance the robustness and adaptability of maritime logistics networks. These findings contribute to ensuring stable global supply chains within an evolving trade environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Global Maritime Logistics in the Era of Industry 4.0)

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39 pages, 1459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Supply Chain Management on Business Sustainability: Case of Water Bottling Companies in and Around Finfinnee, Ethiopia

by Tadesse Kenea Amentae, Girma Gebresenbet and Nuredin Jemal Abdela

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010005 - 30 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Effective supply chain management (SCM) is widely considered vital for enhancing business sustainability, yet empirical evidence across industries and contexts remains limited. This paper aims to address this gap by presenting empirical findings specific to a particular industry, business size, and [...] Read more.

Background: Effective supply chain management (SCM) is widely considered vital for enhancing business sustainability, yet empirical evidence across industries and contexts remains limited. This paper aims to address this gap by presenting empirical findings specific to a particular industry, business size, and economic setting. Methods: The data are collected from small- and medium-sized water bottling companies in Ethiopia utilizing a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPPS version 29 using multi-variable regression analysis. Results: The findings reveal a statistically significant positive influence of supply chain management practices on economic, environmental, and social sustainability business performances. Accordingly, supply chain internal practices and customer and supplier integration impact business economic sustainability, while customer and supplier integration affect business environmental sustainability performance. Customer integration, supplier integration, and supply chain internal practices significantly influence business social sustainability performance. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential for businesses to achieve holistic sustainability goals through targeted improvements in SCM practices. The research results are consistent with most previous studies on this topic, except for a few variations that may need further investigation. The discussion highlighted the intricate links between supply chain management practices and business sustainability, underscoring the need for comprehensive further empirical studies in various contexts. Full article

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28 pages, 4921 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Development of a New Web Platform for the Management of Physical Flows and Customs Documents at Port Terminals

by Marino Lupi, Daniele Conte, Stefano Benenati and Alessandro Farina

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010004 - 25 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Telematization is essential for improving port efficiency by reducing dwell times and simplifying document management. Currently, only a few ports use informatic document management tools like the Port Community System (PCS), and customs documents are produced and shared in paper format. [...] Read more.

Background: Telematization is essential for improving port efficiency by reducing dwell times and simplifying document management. Currently, only a few ports use informatic document management tools like the Port Community System (PCS), and customs documents are produced and shared in paper format. This results in long port dwell times. Methods: A platform was developed to allow sharing of documents among port actors. The platform shares export documents of each given shipment between export and import port actors; moreover, it serves as a document management platform for ports lacking PCS. In addition, the platform helps in reorganizing the shipment in case of disruptions. Results: The platform has global validity as it allows users to share documents among all port actors worldwide. The platform is formed by the following menus: “Path”, which provides the intermodal freight path; “Shipment”, which allows one to create or change shipment data; “Send notify” to send notifies in case of disruptions; “PMIS and PCS”, which redirects to these platforms of ports involved in the project; and “Documents”, which allows one to upload and share customs documents at the global level. Conclusions: The app contributes to speeding up port operations by reducing dwell times, assists in managing shipment disruptions, and enhances intermodality in freight transportation. Full article

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22 pages, 3938 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Validation Framework for Bulk Distribution Logistics Simulation Models

by Andres Guiguet and Dirk Pons

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010003 - 25 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Simulation of business processes allows decision-makers to explore the implications and trade-offs of alternative approaches, policies and configurations. Trust in the simulation as a stand-in proxy of the real system depends on the validation of the computer model as well as [...] Read more.

Background: Simulation of business processes allows decision-makers to explore the implications and trade-offs of alternative approaches, policies and configurations. Trust in the simulation as a stand-in proxy of the real system depends on the validation of the computer model as well as on that of the data used to run it and judge its behaviour. Though validation frameworks exist, they provide little guidance for validation in the context of data-poor endeavours, such as those where observations as sourced from historical records were acquired for purposes other than the simulation itself. As simulation of complex business systems as logistic distribution networks can only rely on this type of data, there is a need to address this void and provide guidance for practitioners and fostering the conversation among academics. This paper presents a high-level development and validation framework applicable to simulation in data-poor environments for modelling the process of bulk distribution of commodities. Method: Traditionally accepted approaches were synthesised so as to develop an into a flexible three-stage modelling and validation approach to guide the process and improve the transparency of adapting available data sources for the simulation itself. The framework suggests the development of parallel paths for the development of computer and data models which, in the last stage, are merged into a phenomenological model resulting from the combination of both. The framework was applied to a case study involving the distribution of bulk commodities over a country-wide network to show its feasibility. Results: The method was flexible, inclusive of other frameworks, and suggested considerations to be made during the acquisition and preparation of data to be used for the modelling and exploration of uncharted scenarios. Conclusions: This work provides an integrative, transparent, and straightforward method for validating exploratory-type simulation models for endeavours in which observations cannot be acquired through direct experimentation on the target system. Full article

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18 pages, 414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptive Performance Evaluation of Container Terminals Through Normalization and Parameter Analysis

by Mateusz Zajac

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010002 - 25 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Container terminals are a pivotal part of global logistics networks, influencing supply chain reliability and port competitiveness. Traditional performance evaluation methods, such as KPI-based assessments or multi-criteria analyses, often fail in dynamic operational conditions with inherent uncertainty and variability. Methods: This study [...] Read more.

Background: Container terminals are a pivotal part of global logistics networks, influencing supply chain reliability and port competitiveness. Traditional performance evaluation methods, such as KPI-based assessments or multi-criteria analyses, often fail in dynamic operational conditions with inherent uncertainty and variability. Methods: This study proposes a normalization-based framework to evaluate container terminal performance by standardizing operational parameters, including availability, non-productive operations, operation time, energy consumption, and throughput. The methodology involves parameter definition, normalization, weight assignment, index calculation, and performance classification. Results: The findings demonstrate that normalization ensures a transparent and adaptable evaluation framework. Sample calculations show how parameter weights influence terminal assessments across varied scenarios, confirming the robustness of the proposed method in capturing dynamic operational changes. Conclusions: Normalization offers a practical tool for enhancing container terminal efficiency and competitiveness. It enables decision-makers to adapt strategies to changing priorities, such as throughput maximization or energy efficiency, ensuring comprehensive and reliable performance assessments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics)

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27 pages, 1925 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Supply Chain Resilience to Mitigate Disruption: The Focus on Cross-Border Suppliers

by Ruth Banomyong, Narath Bhusiri, Puthipong Julagasigorn and Paitoon Varadejsatitwong

Logistics 2025, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010001 - 24 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: Cross-border suppliers have always been points of disruption, further impacting international trade, businesses, and societies along the chain. Understanding the current resilience capabilities of cross-border suppliers is a stepping-stone to implementing resilience initiatives and policies to mitigate disruptions. However, no guidelines [...] Read more.

Background: Cross-border suppliers have always been points of disruption, further impacting international trade, businesses, and societies along the chain. Understanding the current resilience capabilities of cross-border suppliers is a stepping-stone to implementing resilience initiatives and policies to mitigate disruptions. However, no guidelines or practical tools exist to help cross-border suppliers conduct a deep-dive analysis of their resilience. Therefore, this paper proposes an assessment tool to guide cross-border suppliers in assessing their resilience capabilities. Methods: The supplier-focused resilience assessment approach was adapted from the Logistics Performance Index concept. The questionnaire and its resilience assessment dimensions were established through a literature review with the support of experienced cross-border professionals. Case study validation was further conducted to demonstrate the tool’s applicability. Results: The assessment evaluation through the Cross-Border Resilience Performance Index facilitates detailed analysis and benchmarking, enabling recommendations for necessary resilience initiatives and policies. Conclusions: This study contributes to the supply chain literature by adding a more practical resilience assessment approach focusing on cross-border suppliers. The Cross-Border Resilience Performance Index is the study’s primary contribution and is novel to the literature. The tool’s advantages include ease of use, replication potential, and its ability to glean comprehensive insights, ultimately improving supplier resilience and supply chain robustness. By implementing more precise initiatives, the tool increases the chances of cross-border suppliers being selected and maintained by buyers, helping them sustain their businesses and better respond to changing conditions to mitigate disruptions. Full article

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36 pages, 6108 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Integrated Supply Chain Model for Predicting Demand and Supply and Optimizing Blood Distribution

by Pooria Bagher Niakan, Mehdi Keramatpour, Behrouz Afshar-Nadjafi and Alireza Rashidi Komijan

Logistics 2024, 8(4), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8040134 - 23 Dec 2024

Abstract

Background: The blood supply chain (BSC) is crucial for providing safe and sufficient blood, but it faces numerous challenges and needs to be robust and resilient. This study provides a comprehensive model for managing and optimizing the BSC in real-world scenarios, including [...] Read more.

Background: The blood supply chain (BSC) is crucial for providing safe and sufficient blood, but it faces numerous challenges and needs to be robust and resilient. This study provides a comprehensive model for managing and optimizing the BSC in real-world scenarios, including emergency and routine circumstances and with consideration of health equity concepts. Method: Classic time-series models are applied to predict future supply chain circumstances, addressing uncertainty in blood demand and the need for timely supply. A structured framework and medical preferences are prioritized to optimize distribution, minimize blood shortages, minimize wastage due to expiry, and maximize blood freshness. Genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to solve mathematical models quickly and efficiently, ensuring reliable operation. Result: The model’s outcomes can effectively meet the daily needs of the BSC and assist decision-makers managing blood inventory and distribution, improving robustness and resilience. Conclusions: Utilizing weights allows for the effective management of each objective function to convert the model into a single-objective mixed-integer linear programming (SO-MILP) based on unique conditions, enabling the system to self-adjust for optimal performance, boosting the sustainability of the blood supply chain, and promoting the principle of health equity under diverse real-world settings. Full article

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