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Machines
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High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications
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High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical Machines and Drives".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 47961

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Wen-Ping Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
Interests: electrical machines and drives; power electronics; power systems; wind power; electric vehicles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chun Gan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: electrical motor drives and electrical motor design; high-efficiency power converters; high voltage direct current transmission; micro-grid

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the decades, the speed of rotating electric machines has been continuously increasing and has now reached hundreds of thousands of rpm. High-speed motors and drives can lead to a high power density and compact design, which are beneficial to a wide range of applications, including aerospace, transportation, and hand-held tools. For example, high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machines can save on the amount of magnets used. This is notably the case if rare-earth materials are used as permanent magnets. This Special Issue attempts to capture the latest technological development in the materials, component, topology, control algorithms, and system design, associated with high-speed electrical machines and their power electronic drive systems. We particularly welcome multi-disciplinary design and optimization approaches, original contributions and review articles on mechanical design, electromagnetics, and industrial applications (e.g., green transportation, renewable energy, and energy storage).

Prof. Wen-Ping Cao
Prof. Chun Gan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • High speed

  • Reluctance machine

  • Permanent magnet synchronous machines

  • Motor drives

  • Demagnetization

  • Field-weakening

  • Control algorithm

  • Pulse width moderation

  • Finite element

  • Retaining sleeve

  • Computational fluid dynamics

  • Torque density

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1848 KiB  
Article
Topology Choice and Optimization of a Bearingless Flux-Switching Motor with a Combined Winding Set
by Vedran Jurdana, Neven Bulic and Wolfgang Gruber
Machines 2018, 6(4), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines6040057 - 6 Nov 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4235
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to choose a new topology for bearingless flux-switching slice motors, regarding the number of stator and rotor poles, with a combined winding set. Additionally, the selected motor topology is optimized with finite element method (FEM) simulations to [...] Read more.
The purpose of this paper is to choose a new topology for bearingless flux-switching slice motors, regarding the number of stator and rotor poles, with a combined winding set. Additionally, the selected motor topology is optimized with finite element method (FEM) simulations to improve the performance. Bearingless slice drives feature a magnetically-suspended rotor disk passively stabilized by reluctance forces due to a permanent magnet (PM) bias flux in the air gap and actively controlled by the generation of radial bearing forces and motor torque. Usage of the combined winding set, where each phase generates both motor torque and suspension forces, opens the opportunity for a new topology. The topology choice and optimization are based on FEM simulations of several motor optimization criteria, as the passive axial, tilting and radial stiffness values and the active torque and bearing forces, which are simulated regarding the motor height and specific stator and rotor parameters. Saturation, cogging torque and cogging forces are also analyzed. The 3D FEM program ANSYS Maxwell 2015 was used. The results led to an optimized bearingless flux-switching motor topology with six new stator segments and seven rotor poles. By optimizing the geometry, a considerable improvement of performance was reached. This geometry optimization is a base for a future prototype model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications)
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14 pages, 8547 KiB  
Article
The Modelling, Simulation and FPGA-Based Implementation for Stepper Motor Wide Range Speed Closed-Loop Drive System Design
by Chiu-Keng Lai, Jhang-Shan Ciou and Chia-Che Tsai
Machines 2018, 6(4), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines6040056 - 1 Nov 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6430
Abstract
Owing to the benefits of programmable and parallel processing of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), they have been widely used for the realization of digital controllers and motor drive systems. Furthermore, they can be used to integrate several functions as an embedded system. [...] Read more.
Owing to the benefits of programmable and parallel processing of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), they have been widely used for the realization of digital controllers and motor drive systems. Furthermore, they can be used to integrate several functions as an embedded system. In this paper, based on Matrix Laboratory (Matlab)/Simulink and the FPGA chip, we design and implement a stepper motor drive. Generally, motion control systems driven by a stepper motor can be in open-loop or closed-loop form, and pulse generators are used to generate a series of pulse commands, according to the desired acceleration/run/deceleration, in order to the drive system to rotate the motor. In this paper, the speed and position are designed in closed-loop control, and a vector control strategy is applied to the obtained rotor angle to regulate the phase current of the stepper motor to achieve the performance of operating it in low, medium, and high speed situations. The results of simulations and practical experiments based on the FPGA implemented control system are given to show the performances for wide range speed control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications)
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17 pages, 5261 KiB  
Article
Design Procedure for High-Speed PM Motors Aided by Optimization Algorithms
by Francesco Cupertino, Riccardo Leuzzi, Vito Giuseppe Monopoli and Giuseppe Leonardo Cascella
Machines 2018, 6(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines6010005 - 11 Feb 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5162
Abstract
This paper considers the electromagnetic and structural co-design of superficial permanent magnet synchronous machines for high-speed applications, with the aid of a Pareto optimization procedure. The aim of this work is to present a design procedure for the afore-mentioned machines that relies on [...] Read more.
This paper considers the electromagnetic and structural co-design of superficial permanent magnet synchronous machines for high-speed applications, with the aid of a Pareto optimization procedure. The aim of this work is to present a design procedure for the afore-mentioned machines that relies on the combined used of optimization algorithms and finite element analysis. The proposed approach allows easy analysis of the results and a lowering of the computational burden. The proposed design method is presented through a practical example starting from the specifications of an aeronautical actuator. The design procedure is based on static finite element simulations for electromagnetic analysis and on analytical formulas for structural design. The final results are validated through detailed transient finite element analysis to verify both electromagnetic and structural performance. The step-by-step presentation of the proposed design methodology allows the reader to easily adapt it to different specifications. Finally, a comparison between a distributed-winding (24 slots) and a concentrated-winding (6 slots) machine is presented demonstrating the advantages of the former winding arrangement for high-speed applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications)
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12 pages, 10354 KiB  
Article
Characteristics Analysis and Comparison of High-Speed 4/2 and Hybrid 4/4 Poles Switched Reluctance Motor
by Grace Firsta Lukman, Pham Trung Hieu, Kwang-Il Jeong and Jin-Woo Ahn
Machines 2018, 6(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines6010004 - 26 Jan 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5616
Abstract
This paper presents a characteristics analysis and performance comparison of high-speed two-phase 4/2 and hybrid single-phase 4/4 switched reluctance motors (SRMs). Although the motors are advantageous as high-speed drives, both conventional structures have high torque ripple as a result of the presence of [...] Read more.
This paper presents a characteristics analysis and performance comparison of high-speed two-phase 4/2 and hybrid single-phase 4/4 switched reluctance motors (SRMs). Although the motors are advantageous as high-speed drives, both conventional structures have high torque ripple as a result of the presence of the torque dead zone. In this paper, solutions to the torque dead zone problem for each motor are discussed. For the 4/2 SRM, a wide-rotor stepper-type is adopted, while for the 4/4 SRM, the structure is changed to a hybrid by adding permanent magnets (PMs). Both motors have a non-uniform air gap to modify their inductance profile, which leads to the elimination of the torque dead zone. A finite-element method was used to analyze the characteristics of each motor. Then, the manufactured motors were tested through experiments, and lastly, their performance was compared. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications)
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9269 KiB  
Article
Iron Loss Prediction Using Modified IEM-Formula during the Field Weakening for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
by Pedram Asef, Ramon Bargallo and Andrew Lapthorn
Machines 2017, 5(4), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines5040030 - 5 Dec 2017
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6269
Abstract
During field weakening operation time (FWOT), the total iron loss rises and affects the accuracy of loss prediction and efficiency, especially if a large range of FWOT exists due to a large voltage drop that was rooted from the resistance of the used [...] Read more.
During field weakening operation time (FWOT), the total iron loss rises and affects the accuracy of loss prediction and efficiency, especially if a large range of FWOT exists due to a large voltage drop that was rooted from the resistance of the used material. Iron loss prediction is widely employed in investigations for a fast electrical machine analysis using 2D finite element analysis (FEA). This paper proposes harmonic loss analytically by a steady-state equivalent circuit with a novel procedure. Consideration of skin effects and iron saturation are utilized in order to examine the accuracy through the relative error distribution in the frequency domain of each model from 50 to 700 Hz. Additionally, this comparative study presents a torque-frequency-field density calculation over each single term of the modified institute of electrical machines formula (IEM-Formula). The proposed analytical calculation is performed using 2D FEA for a classic and modified IEM-Formula along with experimental verifications on a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for a wind generation application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications)
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2666 KiB  
Article
Utilizing Sequential Action Control Method in GaN-Based High-Speed Drive for BLDC Motor
by Payam Niknejad, Tanushree Agarwal and M. R. Barzegaran
Machines 2017, 5(4), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines5040028 - 21 Nov 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4899
Abstract
This paper presents a hybrid model–based control algorithm that combines Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Sequential Action Control (SAC) deployed in a high-speed drive for Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by using a DC-DC converter with Gallium Nitride (GaN) switches. GaN FETs are selected [...] Read more.
This paper presents a hybrid model–based control algorithm that combines Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Sequential Action Control (SAC) deployed in a high-speed drive for Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by using a DC-DC converter with Gallium Nitride (GaN) switches. GaN FETs are selected because of their higher speed and lower power loss as compared with traditional Si switches. In the proposed framework, SAC processes the initial values of the control variables as well as their time of application and their duration in MPC loop. After receiving the underlying estimation of future contribution from SAC, MPC consolidates it with current input and predicts future control values by using the system state space model. This hybrid control conserves control effort and reduces sensitivity to initial conditions. In this way, converter’s output voltage is controlled to produce the reference speed at the motor output. National Instrument PXIe-6356 module is utilized as the interface between software and hardware that is a multi-function, LabVIEW-compatible data acquisition device. The viability of the proposed hybrid optimization for the high-speed drive is confirmed numerically by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and approved experimentally using a Gallium Nitride (GaN) half-bridge DC-DC converter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications)
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6329 KiB  
Article
Modeling, Analysis, and Realization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Current Vector Control by MATLAB/Simulink and FPGA
by Chiu-Keng Lai, Yao-Ting Tsao and Chia-Che Tsai
Machines 2017, 5(4), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines5040026 - 28 Oct 2017
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 11839
Abstract
In this paper, we present the modeling, analysis, and realization of current vector control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive using MATLAB/Simulink and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). In AC motor drive systems, most of the current vector controls are [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present the modeling, analysis, and realization of current vector control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive using MATLAB/Simulink and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). In AC motor drive systems, most of the current vector controls are realized by digital signal processors (DSPs) because of their complete and compact hardware functions. However, the performances of drive systems realized by low-cost DSP are limited by the hardware structure and computation capacity, which may lead to the difficulty of reaching a fast enough response, above all, for those motors with a small electrical time constant. Therefore, we use FPGA to speed up the calculation about the current vector control to attain a fast response. Simulations and practical experimental results are used to verify the correctness and performance of the designed full hardware system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Speed Motors and Drives: Design, Challenges and Applications)
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