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Mechanics and Analysis of Advanced Materials and Structures - 2nd Volume

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2024) | Viewed by 8659

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sanichiro Yoshida

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SLU 10878, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
Interests: deformation theory; optical techniques for material characterization; acoustical techniques for material characterization; dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giovanni Pappalettera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: advanced mechanical characterization; optical methods; interferometry; residual stress; biomechanics; acoustic emission; industrial design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on advancements in the design and characterization of materials and structures. Developments of novel characterization techniques and design of new materials and structures are cooperative. New material and structural designs often require novel techniques of characterization. Even for the same material, microscopic and macroscopic structures need different analytical methods. Material characterization based on novel analytical techniques leads to ideas of new material and structural design. In this area, interdisciplinary approaches are often useful. Contributions from various scientific and engineering communities are welcome. Similarly, studies on various materials and structures such as biochemical compounds and three-dimensionally printed objects will be of great interest. As for analytical techniques, while a variety such as optical, acoustic, and other sensing techniques will be considered, studies using multiple techniques are especially welcome. New techniques do not necessarily mean revolutionary new methods, of course. Techniques known for centuries can be applied to new materials or structures and produce unexpected results. Papers on both experimental and theoretical research are welcome. Conceptual studies will also be considered provided the outcome is supported by logical and scientifically solid arguments.

Prof. Dr. Sanichiro Yoshida
Dr. Giovanni Pappalettera
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced materials
  • advanced structure
  • advanced material characterization techniques
  • optical methods
  • acoustic methods
  • sensing techniques
  • new design concepts
  • novel applications of conventional techniques

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 5597 KiB  
Article
Thermal, Microstructural, and Mechanical Analysis of Complex Lattice Structures Produced by Direct Energy Deposition
by David G. Andrade, Carlos Zhu, Hélio C. Miranda and Dulce M. Rodrigues
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2813; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122813 - 9 Jun 2024
Viewed by 911
Abstract
Lattice structures have gained attention in engineering due to their lightweight properties. However, the complex geometry of lattice structures and the high melting temperature of metals present significant manufacturing challenges for the large-scale fabrication of these structures. Direct Energy Deposition (DED) methods, such [...] Read more.
Lattice structures have gained attention in engineering due to their lightweight properties. However, the complex geometry of lattice structures and the high melting temperature of metals present significant manufacturing challenges for the large-scale fabrication of these structures. Direct Energy Deposition (DED) methods, such as the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique, appear to be an interesting solution for overcoming these limitations. This study provides a detailed analysis of the manufacturing process of carbon steel lattice structures with auxetic geometry. The study includes thermal analysis using infrared thermography, microstructural characterization through metallography, and mechanical evaluation via hardness and mechanical testing. The findings reveal the significant impact of heat input, thermal cycles, and deposition sequence on the morphology and mechanical properties of the lattice structures. Fast thermal cycles are related to areas with higher hardness values, smaller strut diameters, and porous formations, which shows that controlling heat input and heat dissipation is crucial for optimizing the properties of lattice structures produced using WAAM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Analysis of Advanced Materials and Structures - 2nd Volume)
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16 pages, 2184 KiB  
Article
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analyses of Co-Pyrolysis of Nylon-Polyethylene Pouch Wastes
by Hai-Bo Wan and Zhen Huang
Materials 2023, 16(17), 5738; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175738 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 942
Abstract
In this study, thermogravimetric measurements of nylon-6/polyethylene double-layer pouch wastes were conducted in N2 under a constant heating-rate mode, and the multiple heating-rate results were analyzed in terms of degradation features and specific temperatures. Experimental results show that the waste pyrolysis involves [...] Read more.
In this study, thermogravimetric measurements of nylon-6/polyethylene double-layer pouch wastes were conducted in N2 under a constant heating-rate mode, and the multiple heating-rate results were analyzed in terms of degradation features and specific temperatures. Experimental results show that the waste pyrolysis involves one reaction stage, and all specific parameters appear to increase with the heating rate. Kinetic analysis of non-isothermal data was thoroughly performed using various isoconversional model-free methods for the calculations of the activation energy, resulting in 143~215 kJ/mol over the whole pyrolysis process. By means of the model-fitting method, the reaction mechanism model g(α) and pre-exponential factor lnk0 are concurrently determined with the aid of the linear compensation effect. With such methodology proposed, the Avrami–Erofeev kinetic model A3/2 of g(α) = [−ln(1 − α)]2/3 is found to be the most appropriate mechanism function for describing the pyrolysis of the nylon-6/polyethylene waste along with lnk0 of 23.14 to 34.26 min−1. With the Arrhenius parameters thus obtained, the predictions were made and performed very satisfactorily to correlate experimental results. Additionally, the service life and thermodynamic parameters over the entire pyrolysis process were also estimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Analysis of Advanced Materials and Structures - 2nd Volume)
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13 pages, 4824 KiB  
Article
Influence of Re on the Plastic Hardening Mechanism of Alloyed Copper
by Mariusz Krupiński, Beata Krupińska and Robert Chulist
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5519; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165519 - 8 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1136
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the effect of adding rhenium to Cu-Ni-Si alloys on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. The scientific objective was to analyze the effect of Re addition on the microstructure of heat- and cold-treated CuNi2Si1 alloys. [...] Read more.
In this paper, we investigated the effect of adding rhenium to Cu-Ni-Si alloys on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. The scientific objective was to analyze the effect of Re addition on the microstructure of heat- and cold-treated CuNi2Si1 alloys. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, STEM) and scanning electron microscopy (EDS, WDS) were used to examine the microstructure. Orientation mapping was also performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD) system. In addition, hardness at low load and conductivity were tested. The obtained results showed that modifying the chemical composition of Re (0.6 wt%) inhibits the recrystallization process in the CuNi2Si1 alloy, which was cold deformed and then subjected to recrystallization annealing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Analysis of Advanced Materials and Structures - 2nd Volume)
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14 pages, 4894 KiB  
Article
Effects of La Addition on Microstructure Evolution and Thermal Stability of Cu-2.35Ni-0.59Si Sheet
by Mingfei Wang, Shuaifeng Chen, Songwei Wang, Mengxiao Zhang, Hongwu Song and Shihong Zhang
Materials 2023, 16(11), 4105; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114105 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1265
Abstract
A Cu-2.35Ni-0.69Si alloy with low La content was designed in order to study the role of La addition on microstructure evolution and comprehensive properties. The results indicate that the La element demonstrates a superior ability to combine with Ni and Si elements, via [...] Read more.
A Cu-2.35Ni-0.69Si alloy with low La content was designed in order to study the role of La addition on microstructure evolution and comprehensive properties. The results indicate that the La element demonstrates a superior ability to combine with Ni and Si elements, via the formation of La-rich primary phases. Owing to existing La-rich primary phases, restricted grain growth was observed, due to the pinning effect during solid solution treatment. It was found that the activation energy of the Ni2Si phase precipitation decreased with the addition of La. Interestingly, the aggregation and distribution of the Ni2Si phase, around the La-rich phase, was observed during the aging process, owing to the attraction of Ni and Si atoms by the La-rich phase during the solid solution. Moreover, the mechanical and conductivity properties of aged alloy sheets suggest that the addition of the La element showed a slight reducing effect on the hardness and electrical conductivity. The decrease in hardness was due to the weakened dispersion and strengthening effect of the Ni2Si phase, while the decrease in electrical conductivity was due to the enhanced scattering of electrons by grain boundaries, caused by grain refinement. More notably, excellent thermal stabilities, including better softening resistance ability and microstructural stability, were detected for the low-La-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si sheet, owing to the delayed recrystallization and restricted grain growth caused by the La-rich phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Analysis of Advanced Materials and Structures - 2nd Volume)
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17 pages, 3940 KiB  
Article
Energy Storage and Dissipation in Consecutive Tensile Load-Unload Cycles of Gum Metal
by Karol Marek Golasiński, Maria Staszczak and Elżbieta Alicja Pieczyska
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093288 - 22 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1667
Abstract
Multifunctional β-titanium alloy Gum Metal, characterized by a relatively low elastic modulus, superelastic-like behavior and high strength, was subjected to cyclic tensile loadings. The characteristics of macroscopic scale energy storage and dissipation in the consecutive loading–unloading cycles were studied. Various kinds of energy [...] Read more.
Multifunctional β-titanium alloy Gum Metal, characterized by a relatively low elastic modulus, superelastic-like behavior and high strength, was subjected to cyclic tensile loadings. The characteristics of macroscopic scale energy storage and dissipation in the consecutive loading–unloading cycles were studied. Various kinds of energy components related to the alloy deformation process were determined experimentally and analyzed using thermodynamic relations. The values of the entire work needed to deform the alloy Wext, the work used for recoverable deformation Wrec consisting of the elastic deformation energy Wel , the superelastic-like energy Wpt , and the energy of thermoelastic effect Eth , were derived from the Gum Metal stress and temperature vs. strain curves. The irrecoverable mechanical energy Wir expended on plastic deformation, the dissipation energy Q, and finally the stored energy Es  were estimated. The stored energy represents a change in the internal energy of the deformed material and is an essential measure of cold-worked state. The Es value turned out to be not large for the Gum Metal, which confirms the alloy low hardening property. The energy components determined for each of the 24 loading cycles enabled us to analyze various stages of the Gum Metal deformation process, including necking and damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Analysis of Advanced Materials and Structures - 2nd Volume)
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Review

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30 pages, 958 KiB  
Review
Review: Inelastic Constitutive Modeling: Polycrystalline Materials
by Mirza Baig, Josiah Owusu-Danquah, Anne A. Campbell and Stephen F. Duffy
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3564; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093564 - 6 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1855
Abstract
This article provides a literature review that details the development of inelastic constitutive modeling as it relates to polycrystalline materials. This review distinguishes between inelastic constitutive models that account for nonlinear behavior at the microstructural level, time-independent classic plasticity models, and time-dependent unified [...] Read more.
This article provides a literature review that details the development of inelastic constitutive modeling as it relates to polycrystalline materials. This review distinguishes between inelastic constitutive models that account for nonlinear behavior at the microstructural level, time-independent classic plasticity models, and time-dependent unified models. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the underlying theoretical framework for unified viscoplasticity models where creep and classical plasticity behavior are considered the result of applied boundary conditions instead of separable rates representing distinct physical mechanisms. This article establishes a clear understanding of the advantages of the unified approach to improve material modeling. This review also discusses recent topics in constitutive modeling that offer new techniques that bridge the gap between the microstructure and the continuum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Analysis of Advanced Materials and Structures - 2nd Volume)
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