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Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 7806

Special Issue Editors

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: biomaterials; nanomaterials; advanced materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: pluripotent stem cells; materials; aging; diabetes

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Guest Editor
College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
Interests: material surface interface; biomedical composite material design

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Guest Editor
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Interests: design; functionalization and fabrication of polymers and polymer-based nanomaterials for various applications in biomedical fields and petroleum industry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, with the application of nanotechnology, significant progress has been made in the field of biomaterials. Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties at the nanoscale and have revolutionized the design and development of biomaterials for a variety of biomedical applications. This Special Issue reviews the research progress with respect to functional nanomaterials and their applications in biomaterial research. Functional nanomaterials are engineered materials with specific properties that are suitable for a range of applications in biomedicine. The small size and large surface area of nanomaterials allow for enhanced interactions with biological systems, making them promising candidates for improving the properties and efficacy of biomaterials. They have the advantages of enhanced drug delivery, improved tissue engineering, and highly sensitive biosensing capabilities.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Surface biomaterial coating;
  • Hydrogels for biomaterials;
  • Biodegradable materials;
  • Bionanocomposites;
  • Interaction of nanostructured biomaterials with biological molecules such as proteins/enzymes, DNA, RNA, antibodies, etc.;
  • Intelligent (smart) biomimetic nanostructured biomaterials and their applications.

Dr. Zeyan Zhou
Prof. Dr. Haisong Liu
Prof. Dr. Yingbo Wang
Dr. Jianhua Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • bioactive coatings
  • bionanocomposites
  • surface modification
  • biomedical applications
  • functional nanomaterials
  • hydrogels

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2997 KiB  
Article
Photothermal Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Polypyrrole@Cu Implants for Biological Tissue Replacement
by Tianyou Zhou, Zeyan Zhou and Yingbo Wang
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3882; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153882 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 920
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects caused by disease or accidents through the use of implants presents significant clinical challenges. After clinical implantation, these materials attract and accumulate bacteria and hinder the integration of the implant with bone tissue due to the lack of [...] Read more.
The treatment of bone defects caused by disease or accidents through the use of implants presents significant clinical challenges. After clinical implantation, these materials attract and accumulate bacteria and hinder the integration of the implant with bone tissue due to the lack of osteoinductive properties, both of which can cause postoperative infection and even lead to the eventual failure of the operation. This work successfully prepared a novel biomaterial coating with multiple antibacterial mechanisms for potent and durable and osteoinductive biological tissue replacement by pulsed PED (electrochemical deposition). By effectively regulating PPy (polypyrrole), the uniform composite coating achieved sound physiological stability. Furthermore, the photothermal analysis showcased exceptional potent photothermal antibacterial activity. The antibacterial assessments revealed a bacterial eradication rate of 100% for the PPy@Cu/PD composite coating following a 24 h incubation. Upon the introduction of NIR (near-infrared) irradiation, the combined effects of multiple antibacterial mechanisms led to bacterial reduction rates of 99% for E. coli and 98% for S. aureus after a 6 h incubation. Additionally, the successful promotion of osteoblast proliferation was confirmed through the application of the osteoinductive drug PD (pamidronate disodium) on the composite coating’s surface. Therefore, the antimicrobial Ti-based coatings with osteoinductive properties and potent and durable antibacterial properties could serve as ideal bone implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application)
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15 pages, 6533 KiB  
Article
Epoxidized Soybean Oleic Acid/Oligomeric Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Its Role as a Filler in Poly(L-lactide) for Potential Bone Fixation Application
by Chen Huang, Xin-Yu Luo, Zi-Sheng Chao, Yue-Fei Zhang, Kun Liu, Wen-Jun Yi, Li-Jun Li and Zeyan Zhou
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2620; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112620 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 905
Abstract
One of the most effective strategies for modifying the surface properties of nano-fillers and enhancing their composite characteristics is through polymer grafting. In this study, a coprecipitation method was employed to modify hydroxyapatite (HAP) with epoxidized soybean oleic acid (ESOA), resulting in ESOA-HAP. [...] Read more.
One of the most effective strategies for modifying the surface properties of nano-fillers and enhancing their composite characteristics is through polymer grafting. In this study, a coprecipitation method was employed to modify hydroxyapatite (HAP) with epoxidized soybean oleic acid (ESOA), resulting in ESOA-HAP. Subsequently, oligomeric poly(lactic acid) (OPLA) was grafted onto the surface of ESOA-HAP, yielding OPLA-ESOA-HAP. HAP, ESOA-HAP, and OPLA-ESOA-HAP were comprehensively characterized. The results demonstrate the progressive grafting of ESOA and OPLA onto the surface of HAP, resulting in enhanced hydrophobicity and improved dispersity in organic solvent for OPLA-ESOA-HAP compared to HAP. The vitality and adhesion of Wistar rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were assessed using HAP and modified HAP materials. Following culture with MSCs for 72 h, the OPLA-ESOA-HAP showed an inhibition rate lower than 23.0% at a relatively high concentration (1.0 mg/mL), which is three times lower compared to HAP under similar condition. The cell number for OPLA-ESOA-HAP was 4.5 times higher compared to HAP, indicating its superior biocompatibility. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the OPLA-ESOA-HAP/PLLA composite almost remained unaltered ever after undergoing two stages of thermal processing involving melt extrusion and inject molding. The increase in the biocompatibility and relatively high mechanical properties render OPLA-ESOA-HAP/PLLA a potential material for the biodegradable fixation system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application)
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12 pages, 7133 KiB  
Article
Cellular Internalization and Toxicity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Nobiletin in Eukaryotic Cell Models (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans)
by Pedro Amado Hernández-Abril, Ana Karenth López-Meneses, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza, Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea and Ana Guadalupe Luque-Alcaraz
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071525 - 27 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2747
Abstract
This study involved the synthesis and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with nobiletin (CNpN) and assessed their toxicity and cellular internalization in eukaryotic cell models (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans). Nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation method and physicochemically characterized to [...] Read more.
This study involved the synthesis and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with nobiletin (CNpN) and assessed their toxicity and cellular internalization in eukaryotic cell models (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans). Nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation method and physicochemically characterized to determine their hydrodynamic diameter using dynamic light scattering (DLS), their surface charge through ζ-potential measurements, and their chemical structure via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The hydrodynamic diameter and ζ-potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CNp) and CNpN were found to be 288.74 ± 2.37 nm and 596.60 ± 35.49 nm, and 34.51 ± 0.66 mV and 37.73 ± 0.19 mV, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images displayed a particle size of approximately 346 ± 69 nm, with notable sphericity for CNpN. FTIR analysis provided evidence of potential imine bonding between chitosan and nobiletin. Membrane integrity damage could be observed in both S. cerevisiae and C. albicans yeast stained with propidium iodide, demonstrating membrane integrity damage caused by CNp and CNpN, where higher concentration treatments inhibited the development of yeast cells. These findings suggest a selective therapeutic potential of CNpN, which could be promising for the development of antifungal and anticancer therapies. This study contributes to understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and eukaryotic cells, offering insights for future biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application)
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Review

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22 pages, 11201 KiB  
Review
Transition-Metal-Oxide-Based Nanozymes for Antitumor Applications
by Huilin Sun, Yang Bai, Donghui Zhao, Jianhao Wang and Lin Qiu
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2896; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122896 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
Transition metal oxide (TMO)-based nanozymes have appeared as hopeful tools for antitumor applications due to their unique catalytic properties and ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest progress made in [...] Read more.
Transition metal oxide (TMO)-based nanozymes have appeared as hopeful tools for antitumor applications due to their unique catalytic properties and ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest progress made in the field of TMO-based nanozymes, focusing on their enzymatic activities and participating metal ions. These nanozymes exhibit catalase (CAT)-, peroxidase (POD)-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, oxidase (OXD)-, and glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD)-like activities, enabling them to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione (GSH) concentrations within the TME. Widely studied transition metals in TMO-based nanozymes include Fe, Mn, Cu, Ce, and the hybrid multimetallic oxides, which are also summarized. The review highlights several innovative nanozyme designs and their multifunctional capabilities. Despite the significant progress in TMO-based nanozymes, challenges such as long-term biosafety, targeting precision, catalytic mechanisms, and theoretical supports remain to be addressed, and these are also discussed. This review contributes to the summary and understanding of the rapid development of TMO-based nanozymes, which holds great promise for advancing nanomedicine and improving cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application)
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19 pages, 464 KiB  
Review
Nanostructured Medical Devices: Regulatory Perspective and Current Applications
by Giuseppe D’Avenio, Carla Daniele and Mauro Grigioni
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081787 - 12 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1565
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are having a huge impact in several domains, including the fabrication of medical devices (MDs). Hence, nanostructured MDs are becoming quite common; nevertheless, the associated risks must be carefully considered in order to demonstrate safety prior to their immission on the [...] Read more.
Nanomaterials (NMs) are having a huge impact in several domains, including the fabrication of medical devices (MDs). Hence, nanostructured MDs are becoming quite common; nevertheless, the associated risks must be carefully considered in order to demonstrate safety prior to their immission on the market. The biological effect of NMs requires the consideration of methodological issues since already established methods for, e.g., cytotoxicity can be subject to a loss of accuracy in the presence of certain NMs. The need for oversight of MDs containing NMs is reflected by the European Regulation 2017/745 on MDs, which states that MDs incorporating or consisting of NMs are in class III, at highest risk, unless the NM is encapsulated or bound in such a manner that the potential for its internal exposure is low or negligible (Rule 19). This study addresses the role of NMs in medical devices, highlighting the current applications and considering the regulatory requirements of such products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application)
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