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Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures
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Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 7919

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pawel Wysmulski

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Guest Editor
Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka St., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: thin-walled structures; laminates; buckling; critical state; finite element method; computational mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Katarzyna Falkowicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka St., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: computational mechanics; stability; plate elements; composites; matrix couplings; FEM; thin-walled structures; linear and nonlinear analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Patryk Rozylo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: buckling; post-buckling; failure; laminates; finite element method; numerical simulations; computational mechanics; thin-walled structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Designing modern structures with optimised strength and stiffness parameters requires the use of modern technologies. This applies in particular to high-tech aeronautical or automotive structures, in which the most beneficial solutions in terms of operation and durability are obtained, for example, by replacing previously used materials with modern composite materials. These primarily include polymer laminates reinforced with continuous fibres, most commonly carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) and glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP). Due to the very favourable mechanical properties of these materials in relation to their own weight, it has become possible to use fibre composites for carrier elements of thin-walled structures (e.g., covering reinforcement profiles). Laminates make it possible to create the mechanical properties of designed components in terms of their ability to carry the appropriate type of load. This characteristic makes it possible to achieve very advantageous construction designs; however, this requires the use of modern testing methods that enable the performance of the structure to be analysed over the full load range. The studies of composite structures known from the literature mostly focus on analytical and numerical considerations, usually conducted on structures with typical cross sections operating under ideal conditions, subjected to simple loading cases: compression, shear, or simple bending. Only to a limited extent are such considerations verified by experimental tests on real construction elements.

Dr. Pawel Wysmulski
Dr. Katarzyna Falkowicz
Dr. Patryk Rozylo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laminates
  • CFRP
  • GFRP
  • buckling
  • stability
  • failure
  • crack damage
  • finite element method
  • numerical method

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2835 KiB  
Article
Some Unfamiliar Structural Stability Aspects of Unsymmetric Laminated Composite Plates
by Mehdi Bohlooly Fotovat
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153856 - 4 Aug 2024
Viewed by 707
Abstract
It is widely recognized that certain structures, when subjected to static compression, may exhibit a bifurcation point, leading to the potential occurrence of a secondary equilibrium path. Also, there is a tendency of deflection increment without a bifurcation point to occur for imperfect [...] Read more.
It is widely recognized that certain structures, when subjected to static compression, may exhibit a bifurcation point, leading to the potential occurrence of a secondary equilibrium path. Also, there is a tendency of deflection increment without a bifurcation point to occur for imperfect structures. In this paper, some relatively unknown phenomena are investigated. First, it is demonstrated that in some conditions, the linear buckling mode shape may differ from the result of geometrically nonlinear analysis. Second, a mode jumping phenomenon is described as a transition from a secondary equilibrium path to an obscure one as a tertiary equilibrium path or a second bifurcation point. In this regard, some non-square plates with unsymmetric layer arrangements (in the presence of extension–bending coupling) are subjected to a uniaxial in-plane compression. By considering the geometrically linear and nonlinear problems, the bucking modes and post-buckling behaviors, e.g., the out-of-plane displacement of the plate versus the load, are obtained by ANSYS 2023 R1 software. Through a parametric analysis, the possibility of these phenomena is investigated in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures)
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15 pages, 10591 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic Welding of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Thermoplastics without Energy Directors
by Qian Zhi, Yongbing Li, Xinrong Tan, Yuhang Hu and Yunwu Ma
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3638; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153638 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 841
Abstract
Ultrasonic welding (USW) of thermoplastics plays a significant role in the automobile industry. In this study, the effect of the welding time on the joint strength of ultrasonically welded acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and the weld formation mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the [...] Read more.
Ultrasonic welding (USW) of thermoplastics plays a significant role in the automobile industry. In this study, the effect of the welding time on the joint strength of ultrasonically welded acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and the weld formation mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the peak load firstly increased to a maximum value of 3.4 kN and then dropped with further extension of the welding time, whereas the weld area increased continuously until reaching a plateau. The optimal welding variables for the USW of ABS were a welding time of 1.3 s with a welding pressure of 0.13 MPa. Interfacial failure and workpiece breakage were the main failure modes of the joints. The application of real-time horn displacement into a finite element model could improve the simulation accuracy of weld formation. The simulated results were close to the experimental results, and the welding process of the USW of ABS made with a 1.7 s welding time can be divided into five phases based on the amplitude and horn displacement change: weld initiation (Phase I), horn retraction (Phase II), melt-and-flow equilibrium (Phase III), horn indentation and squeeze out (Phase IV) and weld solidification (Phase V). Obvious pores emerged during Phase IV, owing to the thermal decomposition of the ABS. This study yielded a fundamental understanding of the USW of ABS and provides a theoretical basis and technological support for further application and promotion of other ultrasonically welded thermoplastic composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures)
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15 pages, 8569 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Compressive Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Lattice-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Based on ABAQUS
by Weiguo Wu, Jing Qiao, Yuanyuan Wei, Wenfeng Hao and Can Tang
Materials 2024, 17(10), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102370 - 15 May 2024
Viewed by 1299
Abstract
Research has established that the incorporation of 3D-printed lattice structures in cement substrates enhances the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. However, given that 3D-printing materials, notably polymers, exhibit varying degrees of mechanical performance under high-temperature conditions, their efficacy is compromised. Notably, at temperatures [...] Read more.
Research has established that the incorporation of 3D-printed lattice structures in cement substrates enhances the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. However, given that 3D-printing materials, notably polymers, exhibit varying degrees of mechanical performance under high-temperature conditions, their efficacy is compromised. Notably, at temperatures reaching 150 °C, these materials soften and lose their load-bearing capacity, necessitating further investigation into their compressive mechanical behavior in such environments. This study evaluates the compressibility of cement materials reinforced with lattice structures made from polyamide 6 (PA6) across different structural configurations and ambient temperatures, employing ABAQUS for simulation. Six distinct 3D-printed lattice designs with equivalent volume but varying configurations were tested under ambient temperatures of 20 °C, 50 °C, and 100 °C to assess their impact on compressive properties. The findings indicate that heightened ambient temperatures significantly diminish the reinforcing effect of 3D-printed materials on the properties of cement-based composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures)
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18 pages, 8275 KiB  
Article
Buckling Analysis of Thin-Walled Composite Structures with Rectangular Cross-Sections under Compressive Load
by Patryk Rozylo, Michal Rogala and Jakub Pasnik
Materials 2023, 16(21), 6835; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216835 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1267
Abstract
The purpose of this research was the analysis of the stability of compressed thin-walled composite columns with closed rectangular cross-sections, subjected to axial load. The test specimens (made of carbon–epoxy composite) were characterized by different lay-ups of the composite material. Experimental tests were [...] Read more.
The purpose of this research was the analysis of the stability of compressed thin-walled composite columns with closed rectangular cross-sections, subjected to axial load. The test specimens (made of carbon–epoxy composite) were characterized by different lay-ups of the composite material. Experimental tests were carried out using a universal testing machine and other interdisciplinary testing techniques, such as an optical strain measurement system. Simultaneously with the experimental studies, numerical simulations were carried out using the finite element method. In the case of FEA simulations, original numerical models were derived. In the case of both experimental research and FEM simulations, an in-depth investigation of buckling states was carried out. The measurable effect of the research was to determine both the influence of the cross-sectional shape and the lay-up of the composite layers on the stability of the structure. The novelty of the present paper is the use of interdisciplinary research techniques in order to determine the critical state of compressed thin-walled composite structures with closed sections. An additional novelty is the object of study itself—that is, thin-walled composite columns with closed sections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures)
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17 pages, 5471 KiB  
Article
Buckling Analysis of Laminated Plates with Asymmetric Layup by Approximation Method
by Katarzyna Falkowicz, Pawel Wysmulski and Hubert Debski
Materials 2023, 16(14), 4948; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16144948 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1675
Abstract
This study investigated thin-walled plate elements with a central cut-out under axial compression. The plates were manufactured from epoxy/carbon laminate (CFRP) with an asymmetric layup. The study involved analyzing the buckling and post-buckling behavior of the plates using experimental and numerical methods. The [...] Read more.
This study investigated thin-walled plate elements with a central cut-out under axial compression. The plates were manufactured from epoxy/carbon laminate (CFRP) with an asymmetric layup. The study involved analyzing the buckling and post-buckling behavior of the plates using experimental and numerical methods. The experiments provided the post-buckling equilibrium paths (P-u), which were then used to determine the critical load using the straight-line intersection method. Along with the experiments, a numerical analysis was conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and using the ABAQUS® software. A linear analysis of an eigenvalue problem was conducted, the results of which led to the determination of the critical loads for the developed numerical model. The second part of the calculations involved conducting a non-linear analysis of a plate with an initial geometric imperfection corresponding to structural buckling. The numerical results were validated by the experimental findings, which showed that the numerical model of the structure was correct. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures)
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19 pages, 10584 KiB  
Article
Failure Mechanism of Tensile CFRP Composite Plates with Variable Hole Diameter
by Pawel Wysmulski
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4714; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134714 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1416
Abstract
Real thin-walled composite structures such as aircraft or automotive structures are exposed to the development of various types of damage during operation. The effect of circular hole size on the strength of a thin-walled plate made of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was investigated [...] Read more.
Real thin-walled composite structures such as aircraft or automotive structures are exposed to the development of various types of damage during operation. The effect of circular hole size on the strength of a thin-walled plate made of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was investigated in this study. The test object was subjected to tensile testing to investigate the strength and cracking mechanism of the composite structure with variable diameter of the central hole. The study was performed using two independent test methods: experimental and numerical. With increasing diameter of the central hole, significant weakening of the composite plate was observed. The study showed qualitative and quantitative agreement between the experimental and numerical results. The results confirmed the agreement of the proposed FEM model with the experimental test. The novelty of this study is the use of the popular XFEM technique to describe the influence of the hole size on the cracking and failure of the composite structure. In addition, the study proposes a new method for determining the experimental and numerical damage and failure loads of a composite plate under tension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures)
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