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Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials
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Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 13229

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paul Follansbee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering Department, Saint Vincent College, Latrobe, 300 Fraser Purchase Road, Latrobe, PA 15650, USA
Interests: deformation kinetics; constitutive behavior; high strain rate deformation; high temperature deformation; materials processing; metal working; powder metallurgy; investment casting; coating technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The deformation and modeling of engineering materials has been a research topic that has evolved greatly over the past eight decades. The initial work was largely experimental, but deformation mechanisms, including the discovery of dislocations, introduced the importance of mathematical models—often referred to as constitutive equations. While the field has matured greatly, there remain important unresolved research topics. Furthermore, the continued advance of new processing methods has led to new research topics. This Special Issue of Materials will be a detailed overview of recent research and development in the field of deformation and modeling of engineering materials.

Modeling of deformation in engineering materials is in some sense a mature technology. However, there are many subtopics that remain poorly understood. Deformation modeling has often been divided between low-temperature (< 0.5 of the melting point) and high-temperature mechanisms. Models that allow transitions between theses regimes have been proposed but need further development and experimental validation. The same is concluded when materials undergo thermally induced or stress-/strain-induced phase transformations. As new material processing methods are introduced, e.g., 3D printing, research into the roles of unique defect structures and of property variability have just started. Finally, it is worthwhile to report on the successful use of deformation modeling in engineering applications. Submissions to this Special Issue are welcome in the following areas:

  • Physically based deformation models
  • Modeling the transition between low-temperature and high-temperature deformation
  • Crystal plasticity-based plasticity model advances
  • Deformation models that bridge length scales
  • Deformation mechanisms in 3D-printed materials and components
  • Validating engineering model predictions
  • Modeling methodologies in materials undergoing phase transformations—either thermally induced or stress-induced
  • Illustration of deformation modeling in engineering applications

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manscript for publication in this Special Issue. Full papers comunications, and reviews related to the deformation and modeling of engineering materials, are welcome.

Dr. Paul Follansbee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Deformation modeling
  • Constitutive behavior
  • State-variable models
  • Temperature dependencies
  • Rate dependencies
  • Modeling in 3D-printed structures
  • Phase transformations
  • Applications
  • Length scales
  • Crystal plasticity

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 10304 KiB  
Article
Application of the Variational Method to the Large Deformation Problem of Thin Cylindrical Shells with Different Moduli in Tension and Compression
by Xiao-Ting He, Xiao-Guang Wang and Jun-Yi Sun
Materials 2023, 16(4), 1686; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041686 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1310
Abstract
In this study, the variational method concerning displacement components is applied to solve the large deformation problem of a thin cylindrical shell with its four sides fully fixed and under uniformly distributed loads, in which the material that constitutes the shell has a [...] Read more.
In this study, the variational method concerning displacement components is applied to solve the large deformation problem of a thin cylindrical shell with its four sides fully fixed and under uniformly distributed loads, in which the material that constitutes the shell has a bimodular effect, in comparison to traditional materials, that is, the material will present different moduli of elasticity when it is in tension and compression. For the purpose of the use of the displacement variational method, the physical equations on the bimodular material model and the geometrical equation under large deformation are derived first. Thereafter, the total strain potential energy is expressed in terms of the displacement component, thus bringing the possibilities for the classical Ritz method. Finally, the relationship between load and central deflection is obtained, which is validated with the numerical simulation, and the jumping phenomenon of thin cylindrical shell with a bimodular effect is analyzed. The results indicate that the bimodular effect will change the stiffness of the shell, thus resulting in the corresponding change in the deformation magnitude. When the shell is relatively thin, the bimodular effect will influence the occurrence of the jumping phenomenon of the cylindrical shell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials)
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13 pages, 3308 KiB  
Article
MTS Model Application to Materials Not Starting in the Annealed Condition
by Paul Follansbee
Materials 2022, 15(22), 7874; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227874 - 8 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1143
Abstract
Application of the Mechanical Threshold Stress constitutive model becomes challenging when the material of interest is not supplied in the annealed condition with a low initial dislocation density. When the material has some existing warm or cold work, the evaluation of the internal [...] Read more.
Application of the Mechanical Threshold Stress constitutive model becomes challenging when the material of interest is not supplied in the annealed condition with a low initial dislocation density. When the material has some existing warm or cold work, the evaluation of the internal state variables, specification of the activation energies, and analysis of strain hardening can be affected. This paper gives an example of this in molybdenum and presents options for proceeding with the model development. A hypothetical Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) alloy with known model variables is used to demonstrate the issues and solution options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials)
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16 pages, 2987 KiB  
Article
Effective Stiffness of Thin-Walled Beams with Local Imperfections
by Natalia Staszak, Tomasz Gajewski and Tomasz Garbowski
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7665; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217665 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1517
Abstract
Thin-walled beams are increasingly used in light engineering structures. They are economical, easy to manufacture and to install, and their load capacity-to-weight ratio is very favorable. However, their walls are prone to local buckling, which leads to a reduction of compressive, as well [...] Read more.
Thin-walled beams are increasingly used in light engineering structures. They are economical, easy to manufacture and to install, and their load capacity-to-weight ratio is very favorable. However, their walls are prone to local buckling, which leads to a reduction of compressive, as well as flexural and torsional, stiffness. Such imperfections can be included in such components in various ways, e.g., by reducing the cross-sectional area. This article presents a method based on the numerical homogenization of a thin-walled beam model that includes geometric imperfections. The homogenization procedure uses a numerical 3D model of a selected piece of a thin-walled beam section, the so-called representative volume element (RVE). Although the model is based on the finite element method (FEM), no formal analysis is performed. The FE model is only used to build the full stiffness matrix of the model with geometric imperfections. The stiffness matrix is then condensed to the outer nodes of the RVE, and the effective stiffness of the cross-section is calculated by using the principle of the elastic equilibrium of the strain energy. It is clear from the conducted analyses that the introduced imperfections cause the decreases in the calculated stiffnesses in comparison to the model without imperfections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials)
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28 pages, 7235 KiB  
Article
Modelling and Simulation Strategies for Fluid–Structure-Interactions of Highly Viscous Thermoplastic Melt and Single Fibres—A Numerical Study
by Benjamin Gröger, Jingjing Wang, Tim Bätzel, Andreas Hornig and Maik Gude
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7241; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207241 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1848
Abstract
A virtual test setup for investigating single fibres in a transverse shear flow based on a parallel-plate rheometer is presented. The investigations are carried out to verify a numerical representation of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI), where Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and computational fluid dynamics [...] Read more.
A virtual test setup for investigating single fibres in a transverse shear flow based on a parallel-plate rheometer is presented. The investigations are carried out to verify a numerical representation of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI), where Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are used and evaluated. Both are suitable to simulate flexible solid structures in a transverse shear flow. Comparative investigations with different model setups and increasing complexity are presented. It is shown, that the CFD method with an interface-based coupling approach is not capable of handling small fibre diameters in comparison to large fluid domains due to mesh dependencies at the interface definitions. The ALE method is more suited for this task since fibres are embedded without any mesh restrictions. Element types beam, solid, and discrete are considered for fibre modelling. It is shown that the beam formulation for ALE and 3D solid elements for the CFD method are the preferred options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials)
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18 pages, 4896 KiB  
Article
Engineering Properties of New Claw Connectors for Alkali-Resistant Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
by Qingbiao Wang, Xu Zhang, Dongya Jing, Zhongjing Hu, Yuanyuan Tian, Dong Wang, Wenxia Liu, Chenglin Tian, Zhenyue Shi and Keyong Wang
Materials 2022, 15(7), 2631; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072631 - 2 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
To optimize the engineering properties of connectors, a new claw-shaped alkali-resistant glass-fiber-composite-reinforced connection member was designed in this study. Tensile, shear, and durability tests were conducted on the joint. Moreover, numerical analysis was performed, and the performance of the proposed connector was verified [...] Read more.
To optimize the engineering properties of connectors, a new claw-shaped alkali-resistant glass-fiber-composite-reinforced connection member was designed in this study. Tensile, shear, and durability tests were conducted on the joint. Moreover, numerical analysis was performed, and the performance of the proposed connector was verified in engineering applications. Hence, the following conclusions hold: (1) At the same shear diameter and anchorage depth, the anchorage performance and shear resistance of claw connectors are better than those of rod connectors. (2) Claw connectors with an anchorage depth of 3.5 cm and a hollow joint with an outer diameter of 14 mm exhibit an excellent overall performance. (3) Alkali-resistant glass-fiber-reinforced plastics exhibit good durability. (4) The ANSYS numerical model can be used to accurately predict the load–displacement variation law of the pull-out and shear of the connectors. (5) Through research, it has been proven that claw-shaped connectors have good pull-out resistance, shear resistance, and durability, and the structure has good stability in engineering applications. Therefore, the structure can provide a significant reference for similar projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials)
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19 pages, 7076 KiB  
Article
Feasibility Study on the Steel-Plastic Geogrid Instead of Wire Mesh for Bolt Mesh Supporting
by Qingbiao Wang, Dong Wang, Yue Li, Wenxia Liu, Chenglin Tian, Zhenyue Shi, Keyong Wang, Hongxu Song, Zhongjing Hu, Xu Zhang, Xunmei Liang, Fei Tang, Xingquan Tang, Zhengyin Liu and Mingjing Zhang
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062281 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2645
Abstract
Wire mesh is a common material for bolt mesh supporting structures, but its application in engineering has revealed many defects. At the same time, with the development of new materials for civil engineering, the new material mesh performance and cost show outstanding advantages [...] Read more.
Wire mesh is a common material for bolt mesh supporting structures, but its application in engineering has revealed many defects. At the same time, with the development of new materials for civil engineering, the new material mesh performance and cost show outstanding advantages over wire mesh. In this paper, the feasibility of replacing wire mesh with steel-plastic geogrid as an alternative material is carefully studied through indoor tests and field applications. The following conclusions were drawn from a comparative analysis with wire mesh, mainly in terms of mechanical properties, engineering characteristics, and construction techniques: (1) in terms of mesh wire strength, wire mesh is slightly better than steel-plastic geogrid, but in the case of similar tensile strength, the amount of steel used per unit length of steel geogrid bars is only 36.75% of that of steel-plastic geogrid, while the tensile strength of the high-strength steel wire attached to the steel-plastic geogrid belt is about 3.3 times that of steel bars; (2) in terms of junction peel strength, both values are similar, with the injection-moulded junction being 1154.56–1224.38 N and the welded junction of 4 mm mesh being 988.35 N; (3) in terms of the strength of the mesh, steel-plastic geogrid is better than wire mesh, and with the same mesh wire strength, the bearing capacity of steel-plastic geogrid is increased by about 63.17% and the contribution of the mesh wire bearing capacity is increased by 83.66%, with the damage mainly being in the form of wire breakage in the ribbon causing ribbon failure, leading to further damage to the mesh; (4) in terms of the engineering application of steel-plastic geogrid compared to wire mesh, the utilization rate of mesh increases by about 24.99%, the construction efficiency increases by about 14.10%, and the economic benefit increases by about 45.31%. In practical application, the steel-plastic geogrid has good adhesion with surrounding rock and strong corrosion resistance. According to the above research analysis, the steel-plastic geogrid is feasible to replace the wire mesh for bolt mesh supporting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials)
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25 pages, 3078 KiB  
Article
A Research on the Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Parameters of Concrete Based on an Experimental Design Method
by Hui Su, Hongliang Li, Baowen Hu and Jiaqi Yang
Materials 2021, 14(7), 1627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071627 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1975
Abstract
Concrete is a composite material that has complex mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of each of its components are different at the mesoscopic scale. Studying the relationship between the macroscopic and mesoscopic parameters of concrete can help better understand its mechanical properties at [...] Read more.
Concrete is a composite material that has complex mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of each of its components are different at the mesoscopic scale. Studying the relationship between the macroscopic and mesoscopic parameters of concrete can help better understand its mechanical properties at these levels. When using the discrete element method to model the macro-mesoscopic parameters of concrete, their calibration is the first challenge. This paper proposes a numerical model of concrete using the particle discrete element software particle flow code (PFC). The mesoscopic parameters required by the model need to be set within a certain range for an orthogonal experimental design. We used the proposed model to perform numerical simulations as well as response surface design and analysis. This involved fitting a set of mapping relationships between the macro–micro parameters of concrete. An optimization model was established in the MATLAB environment. The program used to calibrate the mesoscopic parameters of concrete was written using the genetic algorithm, and its macro-micro parameters were inverted. The following three conclusions can be drawn from the orthogonal test: First, the tensile strength and shear strength of the parallel bond between the particles of mortar had a significant influence on the peak compressive strength of concrete, whereas the influence of the other parameters was not significant. Second, the elastic modulus of the parallel bonding between particles of mortar, their stiffness ratio and friction coefficient, and the elastic modulus and stiffness ratio of contact bonding in the interfacial transition zone had a significant influence on the elastic modulus, whereas the influence of the other parameters was not significant. Third, the elastic modulus, stiffness ratio, and friction coefficient of the particles of mortar as well as the ratio of the contact adhesive stiffness in their interfacial transition zone had a significant influence on Poisson’s ratio, whereas the influence of the other parameters was not significant. The fitting effect of the response surface design was good. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deformation Analysis and Modeling of Engineering Materials)
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