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Biomechanical and Metallurgical Behavior of Endodontic and Restorative Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 619

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Endodontics and restorative dentistry have thoroughly changed in recent years, both due to the remarkable advances and innovation of related technologies, instruments, and materials. Since the introduction of nickel–titanium alloy as the material of choice for the manufacturing of endodontic rotary instruments, the percentage of positive outcomes of root canal treatments has increased. This is fundamentally due to the greater mechanical and metallurgical performance of instruments that has led to more efficient, predictable, and conservative shaping of endodontic systems, facilitating this type of treatment even in the hands of non-specialists. The continuous innovative process, both in the heat treatment of the metals that make up the alloy, and in its design, shape, and dimensions, has led to a notable number of instruments that allow the majority of endodontic clinical cases to be addressed completely. However, improvements are still in progress, and in-depth knowledge of mechanical and metallurgical properties of innovative instruments is required. In addition to the shaping, the concept of obturation in root canal systems is also changing. Regarding this, special attention should be given to the recently introduced bioactive materials (calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers) that release growth factors and form hydroxyapatite-like layers when they come into contact with tissue fluids. This opens up new horizons in dentistry, allowing valid results to be obtained in terms of regenerative medicine as well. Moreover, biomaterial compositions have been investigated for different therapeutic applications, such as regenerative endodontic treatment and endodontic surgery, thanks to their enhanced biological properties, such as the cytocompatibility and differentiation of multipotent stem cells.

In accordance with this, this Special Issue will include (but will not be limited to) mechanical and metallurgical properties of NiTi endodontic rotary instruments and hydraulic-calcium-silicate-based instruments for obturation, pulp capping, and regenerative and surgical endodontic procedures. Moreover, since endodontic therapies must be followed by proper post-endodontic restoration, attention should also be focused on the mechanical and biological aspects of restorative materials, paying particular attention to the relationship between the materials, preparation, and fracture percentage of endodontically treated teeth. It is absolutely important that this topic is explored in depth, as this will allow us to obtain more information on how endodontic treatment, with less invasiveness, can influence the prognosis of compromised dental elements, restored with current materials that allow for a safe upgrade in terms of resistance and prognosis.

Dr. Rodolfo Reda
Dr. Alessio Zanza
Dr. Dario Di Nardo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • endodontics
  • restorative dentistry
  • conservative dentistry
  • mechanical properties
  • composites

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 6827 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Co-Cr Dental Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Evaluation of Quenching and Annealing as Heat Treatment Methods
by Bartlomiej Konieczny, Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk, Artur Andrearczyk, Bartlomiej Januszewicz, Sebastian Lipa, Rafał Zieliński and Jerzy Sokolowski
Materials 2024, 17(21), 5313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215313 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 464
Abstract
Residual stresses and anisotropic structures characterize laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) products due to rapid thermal changes during fabrication, potentially leading to microcracking and lower strength. Post-heat treatments are crucial for enhancing mechanical properties. Numerous dental technology laboratories worldwide are adopting the new [...] Read more.
Residual stresses and anisotropic structures characterize laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) products due to rapid thermal changes during fabrication, potentially leading to microcracking and lower strength. Post-heat treatments are crucial for enhancing mechanical properties. Numerous dental technology laboratories worldwide are adopting the new technologies but must invest considerable time and resources to refine them for specific requirements. Our research can assist researchers in identifying thermal processes that enhance the mechanical properties of dental Co-Cr alloys. In this study, high cooling rates (quenching) and annealing after quenching were evaluated for L-PBF Co-Cr dental alloys. Cast samples (standard manufacturing method) were tested as a second reference material. Tensile strength, Vickers hardness, microstructure characterization, and phase identification were performed. Significant differences were found among the L-PBF groups and the cast samples. The lowest tensile strength (707 MPa) and hardness (345 HV) were observed for cast Starbond COS. The highest mechanical properties (1389 MPa, 535 HV) were observed for the samples subjected to the water quenching and reheating methods. XRD analysis revealed that the face-centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phases are influenced by the composition and heat treatment. Annealing after quenching improved the microstructure homogeneity and increased the HCP content. L-PBF techniques yielded superior mechanical properties compared to traditional casting methods, offering efficiency and precision. Future research should focus on fatigue properties. Full article
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