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Metals
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High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals
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High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2019) | Viewed by 24914

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Raman Singh

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Guest Editor
Departments of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
Interests: materials degradation; corrosion; degradation of polymer and composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mahesh B. Venkataraman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Solar Thermal Group, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT, Australia
Interests: corrosion in nanocrystalline metallic materials; high-temperature molten salt corrosion; degradation mechanisms in solid-oxide fuel cells; thermal energy storage; solar thermochemistry; solar supercritical water gasification; process simulation and technoeconomic assessment of solar thermochemical processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Corrosion prevention is a multi-billion dollar industry. Among various corrosion types, the mitigation of corrosion at high temperatures contributes considerable maintenance expenditures in various industries, such as the high-temperature processing industries (e.g., petrochemical, oil and gas, metallurgy, manufacturing, power production), new renewable energy technologies (e.g., solar thermal), and other critical high-temperature components (such as aircraft engines, turbines, and power plant boilers). The literature on high-temperature gaseous corrosion essentially spans a wide range of ferrous and non-ferrous metals/alloys and operating conditions. The critical relevance of high-temperature corrosion to some of the topical fields (e.g., renewable energy, supercritical power plants) has witnessed a renewed focus on the mechanistic understanding of high-temperature oxidation, hot corrosion in the presence of sulphur- and chloride-containing contaminants, corrosion in supercritical water/CO2 systems, and passivation, as well as on corrosion mitigation strategies including microstructural modification, alloying, coatings, and cathodic protection. Materials compatibility is also of prime importance to new technologies, such as concentrating solar power systems, which use molten salts and liquid metals as energy storage media and/or heat transfer fluids at high temperature. Molten salt corrosion is fundamentally different from air oxidation, as the solubility of the corrosion products and acidic/basic fluxing in the melt tend to hugely impact the corrosion mechanism. MCrAlY coatings, cathodic protection using bivalent metal addition, and refractory metal alloying have been shown to be effective in high-temperature oxidation mitigation.

In this Special Issue of Metals, we welcome critical reviews and original research articles on mechanisms, mitigation, and monitoring of the high-temperature corrosion and oxidation of metals under diverse conditions, including but not limited to those described above. The issue will be open to articles on computational modelling, standard lab scale and experimental work, characterization techniques, and other fundamental work related to high-temperature corrosion/oxidation and its mitigation.

Prof. Raman Singh
Dr. Mahesh B. Venkataraman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • High-temperature oxidation
  • Hot corrosion
  • Coatings for corrosion prevention
  • High-temperature corrosion-resistant alloys
  • Cathodic protection
  • Effect of microstructure on hot corrosion

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 143 KiB  
Editorial
High Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals
by Raman Singh and Mahesh B. Venkataraman
Metals 2019, 9(9), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090942 - 28 Aug 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3058
Abstract
Corrosion costs heavily, and its prevention is a multi-billion-dollar industry [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals)

Research

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13 pages, 11000 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Ni-Al Alloy Inert Anode in Cryolite Melts
by Pingping Guan, Aimin Liu, Zhongning Shi, Xianwei Hu and Zhaowen Wang
Metals 2019, 9(4), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9040399 - 1 Apr 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4424
Abstract
Fe-Ni-based alloys are promising materials of inert anodes for use in aluminum electrolysis and adding Al can further improve the corrosion resistance. Fe-Ni-Al alloys with 1.4–8.6 wt.% Al were prepared by vacuum melting, and their corrosion as anodes during the production of pure [...] Read more.
Fe-Ni-based alloys are promising materials of inert anodes for use in aluminum electrolysis and adding Al can further improve the corrosion resistance. Fe-Ni-Al alloys with 1.4–8.6 wt.% Al were prepared by vacuum melting, and their corrosion as anodes during the production of pure Al (98.14–99.68%) by electrolysis was studied in a melt of NaF-AlF3-NaCl-CaF2-Al2O3 at 850 °C. The corrosion layer on the anode contains fluorine salt that corrodes the oxide film, and the inner layer is Ni-enriched while the outer layer is enriched with Fe and O due to the preferential oxidation of Fe. The electrolytically deposited oxide films on Fe-Ni-Al alloys with different compositions contains Fe2O3, Fe3O4, NiO, Al2O3, FeAl2O4, NiFe2O4, and other protective oxides, making the alloys very corrosion-resistant. The linear voltammetric curves can be divided into three parts: active dissolution, passivation transition, and over-passivation zones. The alloy with 3.9 wt.% Al (57.9Fe-38.2Ni-3.9Al) has a relatively negative passivation potential, and therefore, is easier to become passivated. According to the Tafel curve, this alloy shows a relatively positive corrosion potential as anode (1.20 V vs. Al/AlF3), and thus can form a protective film. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals)
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10 pages, 6728 KiB  
Article
Investigation on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Ni-(3~10) Ta and Ni-(3~10) Y Alloys
by Hang Duan, Yan Liu, Tiesong Lin, Hui Zhang and Zhengren Huang
Metals 2019, 9(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010097 - 17 Jan 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3020
Abstract
Ni-(3~10) Ta and Ni-(3~10) Y alloys were fabricated by vacuum arc melting. The oxidation resistance of the alloys was studied by cyclic and isothermal oxidation tests at 800 °C in static air. The present work focused on the investigation of the effects of [...] Read more.
Ni-(3~10) Ta and Ni-(3~10) Y alloys were fabricated by vacuum arc melting. The oxidation resistance of the alloys was studied by cyclic and isothermal oxidation tests at 800 °C in static air. The present work focused on the investigation of the effects of the alloying elements (Ta and Y) on the oxidation behavior of Ni-based alloys. The oxidation behavior of alloys was evaluated by mass gain, composition, as well as the microstructure of oxidized products. The experimental results indicated that Ta at a low content (3 wt %) had a positive role in enhancing oxidation resistance by decreasing the oxygen vacancy concentration of the oxide layer to prevent the inward diffusion of oxygen during oxidation, and the mass gain decreased from 2.9 mg·cm−2 to 1.7 mg·cm−2 (800 °C/200 h), while Y (3~10 wt %) degraded the oxidation resistance. However, it is worth mentioning that the pinning effect of Y2O3 increased the adhesion between the substrate and oxide layer by changing the growing patterns of the oxide layer from a plane growth to fibrous growth. Among the results, the bonding of the substrate and oxide layer was best in the Ni-3Y alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals)
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11 pages, 5781 KiB  
Article
Correlations between High-Temperature Oxidation Kinetics and Thermal Radiation Characteristics of Micro-Structured Nickel Surfaces Oxidized at 1173 K
by Biying Li, Tairan Fu and Congling Shi
Metals 2019, 9(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010017 - 23 Dec 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3724
Abstract
Micro-structured surface functional materials were widely used in electronics, batteries, solar cells, and many other products. However, oxidation at high temperatures greatly affects the material service life and performance. This study focuses on the oxide layer characteristics after high-temperature oxidation and the thermal [...] Read more.
Micro-structured surface functional materials were widely used in electronics, batteries, solar cells, and many other products. However, oxidation at high temperatures greatly affects the material service life and performance. This study focuses on the oxide layer characteristics after high-temperature oxidation and the thermal emissivity of metal materials with micro-structured surfaces. Micro-structured surfaces with various groove morphologies were prepared on 99.9% purity nickel samples. The high-temperature oxidation characteristics of the nickel samples with the microstructure surfaces and the total hemispherical emissivities were measured after various oxidation times in high-temperature (1173 K) air to characterize the correlations between the micro-structure surface oxidization and the emissivity at elevated temperatures. The initial surface roughness greatly affects the surface roughness after oxidation with the oxidation increasing the surface roughness on smooth or less rough surfaces but making the surface smoother for very rough surfaces. The oxidation results show that rougher initial surfaces have larger oxide grain sizes with longer oxidation times leading to smaller grain sizes. The measured total hemispherical emissivity increased with the temperature (500–1400 K) and the oxide layer thickness. The experiments further illustrates that, for the same oxide layer thickness, the measured emissivities become larger for oxides with larger grain sizes caused by the rougher original surfaces. This analysis provides an understanding of the oxidation kinetics of microstructured surfaces and how the oxidized microstructure surfaces affect the thermal radiation properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals)
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20 pages, 12548 KiB  
Article
Influence of Pt Addition and Manufacturing Process on the Failure Mechanisms of NiCoCrAlYTa-Base Thermal Barrier Coating Systems under Thermal Cycling Conditions
by Aurelie Vande Put, Djar Oquab, Aymeric Raffaitin and Daniel Monceau
Metals 2018, 8(10), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100771 - 27 Sep 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3623
Abstract
The cyclic oxidation of NiCoCrAlYTa-base thermal barrier coating systems was investigated at 1100 °C. The influence of the NiCoCrAlYTa deposition process, the coating modification by a Pt-overlayer, and the surface preparation steps were studied. Thermal cycling results showed that the addition of a [...] Read more.
The cyclic oxidation of NiCoCrAlYTa-base thermal barrier coating systems was investigated at 1100 °C. The influence of the NiCoCrAlYTa deposition process, the coating modification by a Pt-overlayer, and the surface preparation steps were studied. Thermal cycling results showed that the addition of a Pt-overlayer, a dense and oxide-free bond-coating microstructure, together with a smooth NiCoCrAlYTa surface prior to Pt deposition and a suitable surface preparation before thermal barrier deposition all increase the lifetime. Degradation mechanisms are proposed to explain how coating defects develop during thermal cycling and how the fabrication process influences both failure and lifetime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals)
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21 pages, 10894 KiB  
Article
On Oxidation Resistance Mechanisms at 1273 K of Tungsten-Based Alloys Containing Chromium and Yttria
by Felix Klein, Tobias Wegener, Andrey Litnovsky, Marcin Rasinski, Xiaoyue Tan, Janina Schmitz, Christian Linsmeier, Jan Willem Coenen, Hongchu Du, Joachim Mayer and Uwe Breuer
Metals 2018, 8(7), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070488 - 26 Jun 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4791
Abstract
Tungsten (W) is currently deemed the main candidate for the plasma-facing armor material of the first wall of future fusion reactors, such as DEMO. Advantages of W include a high melting point, high thermal conductivity, low tritium retention, and low erosion yield. However, [...] Read more.
Tungsten (W) is currently deemed the main candidate for the plasma-facing armor material of the first wall of future fusion reactors, such as DEMO. Advantages of W include a high melting point, high thermal conductivity, low tritium retention, and low erosion yield. However, was an accident to occur, air ingress into the vacuum vessel could occur and the temperature of the first wall could reach 1200K to 1450K due to nuclear decay heat. In the absence of cooling, the temperature remains in that range for several weeks. At these temperatures, the radioactive tungsten oxidizes and then volatilizes. Smart W alloys are therefore being developed. Smart alloys are supposed to preserve properties of W during plasma operation while suppressing tungsten oxide formation in case of an accident. This study focuses on investigations of thin film smart alloys produced by magnetron sputtering. These alloys provide an idealistic system with a homogeneous distribution of the elements W, chromium (Cr), and yttrium (Y) on an atomic scale. The recommended composition is W with 12 weight % of Cr and 0.5 weight % of Y. Passivation and a suppression of WO3 sublimation is shown. For the first time, the mechanisms yielding the improved oxidation resistance are analyzed in detail. A protective Cr2O3 layer forms at the surface. The different stages of the oxidation processes up to the failure of the protective function are analyzed for the first time. Using 18O as a tracer, it is shown for the first time that the oxide growth occurs at the surface of the protective oxide. The Cr is continuously replenished from the bulk of the sample, including the Cr-rich phase which forms during exposure at 1273K. A homogenous distribution of yttria within the W-matrix, which is preserved during oxidation, is a peculiarity of the analyzed alloy. Further, an Y-enriched nucleation site is found at the interface between metal and oxide. This nucleation sites are deemed to be crucial for the improved oxidation resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Temperature Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals)
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