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Microorganisms
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Bacterial Infections in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Molecular...
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Bacterial Infections in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Molecular Diagnosis, and Control

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 6886

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Eman Zahran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Interests: aquaculture; diseases; immunology; molecular diagnosis; fish management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquaculture has rapidly become one of the world's most dynamic food production industries because it offers a cheap and sustainable alternative to other sources of animal protein. One of the major constraints on aquaculture production is the susceptibility of farmed fish to diseases caused by husbandry practices or external factors such as pollution, climate change, or even shifts in the dynamics of product transactions in this industry. Fish have both innate and adaptive immune systems; when they encounter a pathogen, it triggers a cascade of defense mechanisms designed to attack the invader. Regarding the concept of a more sustainable aquaculture industry, bacterial pathogen infections have been widely recognized as a major obstacle. The economic impact of a disease outbreak on the aquaculture industry can be devastating, so understanding the causes of such an outbreak is crucial. High-throughput technologies, such as molecular diagnostic techniques, can be useful characterization tools for identifying pathogens. Through a focus on pathogenesis, pathophysiology, molecular diagnosis, and therapies against bacterial infections in farmed fish, this Special Issue aspires to provide a suitable multidisciplinary forum for the exchange of valuable information (both basic and applied research).

Prof. Dr. Eman Zahran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • fish
  • pathogen
  • microorganisms
  • virulence
  • characterization
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 10295 KiB  
Article
Taxonomic Diversity, Predicted Metabolic Pathway, and Interaction Pattern of Bacterial Community in Sea Urchin Anthocidaris crassispina
by Xinye Chen, Li Mo, Lin Zhang, Liyu Huang, Ziqing Gao, Jingjing Peng, Zonghe Yu and Xiaoyong Zhang
Microorganisms 2024, 12(10), 2094; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12102094 - 20 Oct 2024
Viewed by 696
Abstract
Bacterial assemblages associated with sea urchin are critical to their physiology and ecology within marine ecosystems. In this study, we characterized the bacterial communities in wild sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina captured in Daya Bay, South China Sea. A total of 363 amplicon sequence [...] Read more.
Bacterial assemblages associated with sea urchin are critical to their physiology and ecology within marine ecosystems. In this study, we characterized the bacterial communities in wild sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina captured in Daya Bay, South China Sea. A total of 363 amplicon sequence variants belonging to nine phyla and 141 genera were classified from intestine, body surface, and surrounding seawater samples. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria phyla found in this study. A network analysis of bacterial interspecies interactions revealed varying complexity, stability, connectivity, and relationship patterns across the samples, with the most intricate network observed in the surrounding seawater. Metagenomic predictions highlighted the distinct bacterial metabolic pathways, with significant differences between intestine and seawater samples. Notably, pathways associated with polysaccharide degradation, including chitin derivatives, starch, and CoM biosynthesis, were markedly abundant, underscoring the gut microbiota’s key role in digesting algae. In addition, other metabolic pathways in intestine samples were linked to immune response regulation of sea urchins. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the bacterial community structure and potential functional roles in A. crassispina. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Molecular Diagnosis, and Control)
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21 pages, 9137 KiB  
Article
Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Novel Vibrio sp. Isolated from an Ulcer Disease Event in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
by Maryam Ghasemieshkaftaki, Ignacio Vasquez, Aria Eshraghi, Anthony Kurt Gamperl and Javier Santander
Microorganisms 2023, 11(7), 1736; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071736 - 2 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2249
Abstract
Ulcer diseases are a recalcitrant issue at Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture cage-sites across the North Atlantic region. Classical ulcerative outbreaks (also called winter ulcer disease) refer to a skin infection caused by Moritella viscosa. However, several bacterial species are [...] Read more.
Ulcer diseases are a recalcitrant issue at Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture cage-sites across the North Atlantic region. Classical ulcerative outbreaks (also called winter ulcer disease) refer to a skin infection caused by Moritella viscosa. However, several bacterial species are frequently isolated from ulcer disease events, and it is unclear if other undescribed pathogens are implicated in ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon. Although different polyvalent vaccines are used against M. viscosa, ulcerative outbreaks are continuously reported in Atlantic salmon in Canada. This study analyzed the phenotypical and genomic characteristics of Vibrio sp. J383 isolated from internal organs of vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon displaying clinical signs of ulcer disease. Infection assays conducted on vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon and revealed that Vibrio sp. J383 causes a low level of mortalities when administered intracelomic at doses ranging from 107–108 CFU/dose. Vibrio sp. J383 persisted in the blood of infected fish for at least 8 weeks at 10 and 12 °C. Clinical signs of this disease were greatest 12 °C, but no mortality and bacteremia were observed at 16 °C. The Vibrio sp. J383 genome (5,902,734 bp) has two chromosomes of 3,633,265 bp and 2,068,312 bp, respectively, and one large plasmid of 201,166 bp. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses indicated that Vibrio sp. J383 is related to V. splendidus, with 93% identity. Furthermore, the phenotypic analysis showed that there were significant differences between Vibrio sp. J383 and other Vibrio spp, suggesting J383 is a novel Vibrio species adapted to cold temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Molecular Diagnosis, and Control)
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11 pages, 1031 KiB  
Article
16S-23S rRNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS) Sequencing: A Potential Molecular Diagnostic Tool for Differentiating Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri
by Nadia Stoppani, Silvia Colussi, Paolo Pastorino, Marino Prearo, Simona Sciuto, Ilhan Altinok, Rafet Çağrı Öztürk, Mustafa Ture, Ana Isabel Vela, Maria del Mar Blanco, Charalampos Kotzamanidis, Konstantina Bitchava, Andigoni Malousi, Lucio Fariano, Donatella Volpatti, Pier Luigi Acutis and Jose Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051320 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2695
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of lactococcosis, a clinically and economically significant infectious disease affecting farmed rainbow trout. L. garvieae had been considered the only cause of lactococcosis for a long time; however, L. petauri, another species of the genus Lactococcus [...] Read more.
Lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of lactococcosis, a clinically and economically significant infectious disease affecting farmed rainbow trout. L. garvieae had been considered the only cause of lactococcosis for a long time; however, L. petauri, another species of the genus Lactococcus, has lately been linked to the same disease. The genomes and biochemical profiles of L. petauri and L. garvieae have a high degree of similarity. Traditional diagnostic tests currently available cannot distinguish between these two species. The aim of this study was to use the transcribed spacer (ITS) region between 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA as a potential useful molecular target to differentiate L. garvieae from L. petauri, saving time and money compared to genomics methods currently used as diagnostic tools for accurate discrimination between these two species. The ITS region of 82 strains was amplified and sequenced. The amplified fragments varied in size from 500 to 550 bp. Based on the sequence, seven SNPs were identified that separate L. garvieae from L. petauri. The 16S-23S rRNA ITS region has enough resolution to distinguish between closely related L. garvieae and L. petauri and it can be used as a diagnostic marker to quickly identify the pathogens in a lactococcosis outbreak. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Molecular Diagnosis, and Control)
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