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Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0
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Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 12976

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Teobald Kupka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytet Opolski, Opole, Poland
Interests: NMR; IR; Raman; spectroscopy; DFT; molecular modeling; nanoscience; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of science and technology has led to huge benefits in academia, and chemistry is a field that greatly contributes to this development. Applied chemistry covers a variety of chemical fields, including the study of various materials such as metal compounds, inorganic and organic compounds, polymers, proteins, etc., and their applications.

This Special Issue will collate review papers from the field of applied chemistry. We kindly invite and encourage all research groups covering various applied chemistry areas to submit contributions to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Teobald Kupka
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4325 KiB  
Article
Biodegradable Acid-Based Fe2MnO4 Nanoparticles for Water Remediation
by Rabia Ahmad, Elham A. Alzahrani, Poonam Dwivedi, Sumbul Hafeez, Jyoti Deswal, Bushra Fatima, Sharf Ilahi Siddiqui and Seungdae Oh
Molecules 2024, 29(16), 3867; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163867 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 941
Abstract
This study demonstrated the synthesis of Fe2MnO4 modified by citric acid, a biodegradable acid, using a simple co-precipitation method. Characterization was performed using qualitative analysis techniques such as Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray [...] Read more.
This study demonstrated the synthesis of Fe2MnO4 modified by citric acid, a biodegradable acid, using a simple co-precipitation method. Characterization was performed using qualitative analysis techniques such as Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, selected-area electron diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, and zero-point charge. The prepared nanoparticles had a rough and porous surface, and contained oxygenous (-OH, -COOH, etc.) functional groups. The specific surface area and average pore size distribution were 83 m2/g and 5.17 nm, respectively. Net zero charge on the surface of the prepared nanoparticles was observed at pH 7.5. The prepared nanoparticles were used as an adsorbent to remove methylene blue dye from water under various conditions. Using small amounts of the adsorbent (2.0 g/L), even a high concentration of MB dye (60 mg/L) could be reduced by about ~58%. Exothermic, spontaneous, feasible, and monolayer adsorption was identified based on thermodynamics and isotherm analysis. Reusability testing verified the stability of the adsorbent and found that the reused adsorbent performed well for up to three thermal cycles. Comparative analysis revealed that the modified adsorbent outperformed previously reported adsorbents and unmodified Fe2MnO4 in terms of its partition coefficient and equilibrium adsorption capacity under different experimental conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0)
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Review

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19 pages, 2892 KiB  
Review
Cannabinoids—Multifunctional Compounds, Applications and Challenges—Mini Review
by Dominik Duczmal, Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak, Krystyna Niedzielska and Robert Pietrzak
Molecules 2024, 29(20), 4923; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204923 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1796
Abstract
Cannabinoids represent a highly researched group of plant-derived ingredients. The substantial investment of funds from state and commercial sources has facilitated a significant increase in knowledge about these ingredients. Cannabinoids can be classified into three principal categories: plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids and endogenous [...] Read more.
Cannabinoids represent a highly researched group of plant-derived ingredients. The substantial investment of funds from state and commercial sources has facilitated a significant increase in knowledge about these ingredients. Cannabinoids can be classified into three principal categories: plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids and endogenous cannabinoids, along with the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. All of these compounds interact biologically with type 1 (CB1) and/or type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors. A substantial body of evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour and antifibrotic properties with beneficial effects. This review, which spans the period from 1940 to 2024, offers an overview of the potential therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic cannabinoids. The development of these substances is essential for the global market of do-it-yourself drugs to fully exploit the promising therapeutic properties of cannabinoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0)
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56 pages, 2136 KiB  
Review
Unlocking the Potential of Hydrosols: Transforming Essential Oil Byproducts into Valuable Resources
by Heloísa H. S. Almeida, Isabel P. Fernandes, Joana S. Amaral, Alírio E. Rodrigues and Maria-Filomena Barreiro
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4660; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194660 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1828
Abstract
The global demand for sustainable and non-toxic alternatives across various industries is driving the exploration of naturally derived solutions. Hydrosols, also known as hydrolates, represent a promising yet underutilised byproduct of the extraction process of essential oils (EOs). These aqueous solutions contain a [...] Read more.
The global demand for sustainable and non-toxic alternatives across various industries is driving the exploration of naturally derived solutions. Hydrosols, also known as hydrolates, represent a promising yet underutilised byproduct of the extraction process of essential oils (EOs). These aqueous solutions contain a complex mixture of EO traces and water-soluble compounds and exhibit significant biological activity. To fully use these new solutions, it is necessary to understand how factors, such as distillation time and plant-to-water ratio, affect their chemical composition and biological activity. Such insights are crucial for the standardisation and quality control of hydrosols. Hydrosols have demonstrated noteworthy properties as natural antimicrobials, capable of preventing biofilm formation, and as antioxidants, mitigating oxidative stress. These characteristics position hydrosols as versatile ingredients for various applications, including biopesticides, preservatives, food additives, anti-browning agents, pharmaceutical antibiotics, cosmetic bioactives, and even anti-tumour agents in medical treatments. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these activities is also essential for advancing their use. In this context, this review compiles and analyses the current literature on hydrosols’ chemical and biological properties, highlighting their potential applications and envisioning future research directions. These developments are consistent with a circular bio-based economy, where an industrial byproduct derived from biological sources is repurposed for new applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0)
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18 pages, 1805 KiB  
Review
Electrochemical Monitoring in Anticoagulation Therapy
by Ashwin K. V. Mruthunjaya and Angel A. J. Torriero
Molecules 2024, 29(7), 1453; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071453 - 24 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2039
Abstract
The process of blood coagulation, wherein circulating blood transforms into a clot in response to an internal or external injury, is a critical physiological mechanism. Monitoring this coagulation process is vital to ensure that blood clotting neither occurs too rapidly nor too slowly. [...] Read more.
The process of blood coagulation, wherein circulating blood transforms into a clot in response to an internal or external injury, is a critical physiological mechanism. Monitoring this coagulation process is vital to ensure that blood clotting neither occurs too rapidly nor too slowly. Anticoagulants, a category of medications designed to prevent and treat blood clots, require meticulous monitoring to optimise dosage, enhance clinical outcomes, and minimise adverse effects. This review article delves into the various stages of blood coagulation, explores commonly used anticoagulants and their targets within the coagulation enzyme system, and emphasises the electrochemical methods employed in anticoagulant testing. Electrochemical sensors for anticoagulant monitoring are categorised into two types. The first type focuses on assays measuring thrombin activity via electrochemical techniques. The second type involves modified electrode surfaces that either directly measure the redox behaviours of anticoagulants or monitor the responses of standard redox probes in the presence of these drugs. This review comprehensively lists different electrode compositions and their detection and quantification limits. Additionally, it discusses the potential of employing a universal calibration plot to replace individual drug-specific calibrations. The presented insights are anticipated to significantly contribute to the sensor community’s efforts in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0)
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27 pages, 10611 KiB  
Review
Light-Driven Energy and Charge Transfer Processes between Additives within Electrospun Nanofibres
by Reeda Mahmood, Tristan Mananquil, Rebecca Scenna, Emma S. Dennis, Judith Castillo-Rodriguez and Bryan D. Koivisto
Molecules 2023, 28(12), 4857; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124857 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2221
Abstract
Electrospinning is a cost-effective and efficient method of producing polymeric nanofibre films. The resulting nanofibres can be produced in a variety of structures, including monoaxial, coaxial (core@shell), and Janus (side-by-side). The resulting fibres can also act as a matrix for various light-harvesting components [...] Read more.
Electrospinning is a cost-effective and efficient method of producing polymeric nanofibre films. The resulting nanofibres can be produced in a variety of structures, including monoaxial, coaxial (core@shell), and Janus (side-by-side). The resulting fibres can also act as a matrix for various light-harvesting components such as dye molecules, nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The addition of these light-harvesting materials allows for various photo-driven processes to occur within the films. This review discusses the process of electrospinning as well as the effect of spinning parameters on resulting fibres. Building on this, we discuss energy transfer processes that have been explored in nanofibre films, such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), and upconversion. A charge transfer process, photoinduced electron transfer (PET), is also discussed. This review highlights various candidate molecules that have been used for photo-responsive processes in electrospun films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0)
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20 pages, 6871 KiB  
Review
Photocatalysis in Water-Soluble Supramolecular Metal Organic Complex
by Dongfeng Hong, Linlin Shi, Xianghui Liu, Huiyuan Ya and Xin Han
Molecules 2023, 28(10), 4068; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104068 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
As an emerging subset of organic complexes, metal complexes have garnered considerable attention owing to their outstanding structures, properties, and applications. In this content, metal-organic cages (MOCs) with defined shapes and sizes provide internal spaces to isolate water for guest molecules, which can [...] Read more.
As an emerging subset of organic complexes, metal complexes have garnered considerable attention owing to their outstanding structures, properties, and applications. In this content, metal-organic cages (MOCs) with defined shapes and sizes provide internal spaces to isolate water for guest molecules, which can be selectively captured, isolated, and released to achieve control over chemical reactions. Complex supramolecules are constructed by simulating the self-assembly behavior of the molecules or structures in nature. For this purpose, massive amounts of cavity-containing supramolecules, such as metal-organic cages (MOCs), have been extensively explored for a large variety of reactions with a high degree of reactivity and selectivity. Because sunlight and water are necessary for the process of photosynthesis, water-soluble metal-organic cages (WSMOCs) are ideal platforms for photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation by simulating photosynthesis due to their defined sizes, shapes, and high modularization of metal centers and ligands. Therefore, the design and synthesis of WSMOCs with uncommon geometries embedded with functional building units is of immense importance for artificial photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation. In this review, we introduce the general synthetic strategies of WSMOCs and their applications in this sparking field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Applied Chemistry 2.0)
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