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Bio-Accessibility/Availability of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Food Sources
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Bio-Accessibility/Availability of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Food Sources

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 15752

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alicia Gil-Ramírez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: sustainable extraction techniques; by-products valorization; food digestion; phenolic compounds; methylxanthines; bioavailability; immunomodulation; anti-inflammation; neuroprotection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vanesa Benítez García

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Novel Food Production and Characterization, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Interests: valorization of vegetable byproducts; digestibility of food matrices; bioactive compounds; in vitro cell culturing bioactivity; dietary fiber; phenolic compounds; antioxidant activity; hypoglycemic properties; hypolipidemic effects; technofunctional and physicochemical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yolanda Aguilera Gutiérrez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Novel Food Production and Characterization, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: industry food byproducts; food ingredients; food byproduct valorization; food processing; digestibility of food matrices; bioactivity of food ingredients; bioavailability; antioxidants; insects as novel foods; coffee; cocoa
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For several decades, the food science community has pursued the promotion of human health through the study of bioactive compounds or compound mixtures from food matrices and food industry byproducts. In consequence, a vast amount of information focused on the beneficial properties of such raw materials or their main compounds, e.g., antioxidants, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antiviral, can be found in the literature.

Such studies are relevant to recognize the tentative human health-promoting capabilities of food and food byproducts. However, the effect of the digestion process on such bioactive materials must be considered, since its assigned bioactivity could be enhanced or attenuated or vanish along their journey through the gastrointestinal tract.

In this sense, bioaccessibility assays are crucial to evaluate the preservation of bioactivity after digestion. In some cases, bioactivity is exerted by compounds present in the bioaccessible fraction via, e.g., the modulation of the enterocyte’s gene expression. However, other bioactive compounds must pass the intestinal barrier to reach their targets. For this, bioavailability studies using cell culture or simulated transmembrane transport models are necessary.

This Special Issue aims to gather recent research on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds from simple or complex food matrices, enriched food extracts, or purified food ingredients. We encourage researchers to contribute original research and reviews articles on recent advances in this field of food science, which are imperative to validate the beneficial health properties of food-based consumption. 

Dr. Alicia Gil-Ramírez
Dr. Vanesa Benítez García
Dr. Yolanda Aguilera Gutiérrez
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • simulated digestion of bioactive food ingredients
  • compound release in the gastrointestinal tract
  • intestinal absorption of bioactive food ingredients
  • cell culturing and bioavailability models
  • effect of gut microbiota on compounds bioactivity
  • bioactivity of digested compounds/mixtures from industrial food byproducts
  • strategies to enhance bioaccessibility and bioavailability
  • digestibility of food and food byproduct matrices

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 712 KiB  
Article
Bioaccessibility of Rosmarinic Acid and Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Co-Compounds in a Simulated Digestion Model—The Influence of the Endogenous Plant Matrix, Dose of Administration and Physicochemical and Biochemical Digestion Environment
by Łukasz Sęczyk and Barbara Kołodziej
Molecules 2024, 29(4), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040901 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1098
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of endogenous plant matrix components, dose and digestion-related factors on the bioaccessibility of rosmarinic acid and basil co-compounds in in vitro digestion conditions. Different forms of administration, i.e., basil raw plant material, dry [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of endogenous plant matrix components, dose and digestion-related factors on the bioaccessibility of rosmarinic acid and basil co-compounds in in vitro digestion conditions. Different forms of administration, i.e., basil raw plant material, dry extract, and isolated rosmarinic acid at various doses, were applied for the digestion experiment. To evaluate the contribution of biochemical and physicochemical digestion factors, samples were subjected to a full digestion process or treated only with a digestion fluid electrolyte composition without using biochemical components (i.e., digestion enzymes and bile salts), and bioaccessibility was monitored at the gastric and intestinal steps of digestion. The results showed that the components of the endogenous raw plant matrix significantly limited the bioaccessibility of rosmarinic acid and basil co-compounds, especially at the gastric stage of digestion. Physicochemical digestion factors were mainly responsible for the bioaccessibility of basil phytochemicals. Higher doses allowed maintenance of bioaccessibility at a relatively similar level, whereas the most negative changes in bioaccessibility were induced by the lowest doses. In conclusion, the determination of the bioaccessibility of bioactive phytochemicals from basil and factors influencing bioaccessibility may help in better prediction of the pro-health potential of this plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Accessibility/Availability of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Food Sources)
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13 pages, 645 KiB  
Article
Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Buckwheat Biscuits Prepared from Flours Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria
by Henryk Zieliński, Wiesław Wiczkowski, Joanna Topolska, Mariusz Konrad Piskuła and Małgorzata Wronkowska
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6628; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196628 - 6 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1866
Abstract
The literature reports that the consumption of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), exactly the polyphenols it contains, is associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits. Therefore, the determination of the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and flavonoids from buckwheat biscuits formulated from [...] Read more.
The literature reports that the consumption of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), exactly the polyphenols it contains, is associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits. Therefore, the determination of the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and flavonoids from buckwheat biscuits formulated from liquid-state fermented flours (BBF) by selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) after gastrointestinal digestion was addressed in this study. Bioaccessibility could be defined as the fraction of a compound that is released from the food matrix in the gastrointestinal lumen and used for intestinal absorption. The bioaccessibility of eight phenolic acids (protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic ferulic, caffeic, sinapic, p-coumaric, and t-cinnamic) and six flavonoids (epicatechin, vitexin, orientin, apigenin, kaempferol, and luteolin) were provided for BBF and BBC (buckwheat biscuits prepared from fermented and unfermented flours, respectively). The bioaccessibility indexes (BI) indicated the high bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and improved bioaccessibility of flavonoids from BBF. Moreover, the data provide evidence for the suitability of selected LAB strains to be used as natural sour agents for further bakery product development rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids with LAB-dependent bioaccessibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Accessibility/Availability of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Food Sources)
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10 pages, 846 KiB  
Article
TNKPVI, a Putative Bioaccessible Pharmacophore of Anti-Inflammatory Potato Patatin-Derived Decapeptide DIKTNKPVIF
by Emeka B. Okeke, Raliat O. Abioye, Esmeiry Ventura-Santana, Xiaohong Sun and Chibuike C. Udenigwe
Molecules 2022, 27(12), 3869; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123869 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1993
Abstract
Potato protein-derived decapeptide DIKTNKPVIF exerted anti-inflammatory activity in animal models when delivered via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection. However, DIKTNKPVIF is susceptible to hydrolysis in the digestive tract, which will decrease its bioaccessibility and possibly bioactivity. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of [...] Read more.
Potato protein-derived decapeptide DIKTNKPVIF exerted anti-inflammatory activity in animal models when delivered via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection. However, DIKTNKPVIF is susceptible to hydrolysis in the digestive tract, which will decrease its bioaccessibility and possibly bioactivity. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of fragments generated from in silico gastrointestinal enzymatic hydrolysis of DIKTNKPVIF was investigated using the human monocytic (THP-1) cell line. The simulated digestion by pepsin and trypsin released four fragments, DIKTNKPVI, TNKPVIF, DIK and TNKPVI. The peptides lacked the cleavage sites of chymotrypsin. All five peptides were predicted to be non-toxic, which was validated using cytotoxicity assay at 0.25–1 mM peptide concentration. However, the peptides were predicted to possess poor pharmacokinetic profiles, including low passive gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier permeability. TNKPVIF, DIK and TNKPVI significantly reduced the amount of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor in lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 cells. Notably, the anti-inflammatory activity of fragment TNKPVI was comparable to that of the parent decapeptide while peptide fragment DIKTNKPVI had no apparent effect on the pro-inflammatory cytokines. This highlights the important role of the C-terminal phenylalanine residue of the parent peptide in the bioactivity. Furthermore, given its activity and the absence of cleavage sites of major digestive proteases, TNKPVI could be the biostable and bioaccessible pharmacophore of potato patatin-derived anti-inflammatory decapeptide DIKTNKPVIF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Accessibility/Availability of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Food Sources)
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Review

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20 pages, 524 KiB  
Review
Lycopene: A Potent Antioxidant for the Amelioration of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
by Hui Eng Leh and Lai Kuan Lee
Molecules 2022, 27(7), 2335; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072335 - 4 Apr 2022
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 5703
Abstract
Nutrition is of utmost importance in chronic disease management and has often been described as the cornerstone of a variety of non-communicable diseases. In particular, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a prevalent and global public health crisis. Lycopene, a bright red carotenoid [...] Read more.
Nutrition is of utmost importance in chronic disease management and has often been described as the cornerstone of a variety of non-communicable diseases. In particular, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a prevalent and global public health crisis. Lycopene, a bright red carotenoid hydrocarbon found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, has been extensively studied for its biological activities and treatment efficiency in diabetes care. Epidemiological investigations indicate that lycopene has potential antioxidant properties, is capable of scavenging reactive species, and alleviates oxidative stress in T2DM patients. This review aims to summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of action of lycopene as a potent antioxidant for T2DM. In addition, the evidence demonstrating the effects of lycopene on glycemic control and oxidative stress biomarkers in T2DM are also highlighted using animal and human studies as literature approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Accessibility/Availability of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Food Sources)
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28 pages, 3813 KiB  
Review
Applicability of an In-Vitro Digestion Model to Assess the Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds from Olive-Related Products
by Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez, Carmen González-Barreiro, Elena Martínez-Carballo, Noelia Cambeiro-Pérez, Raquel Rial-Otero, María Figueiredo-González and Beatriz Cancho-Grande
Molecules 2021, 26(21), 6667; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216667 - 3 Nov 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3877
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet includes virgin olive oil (VOO) as the main fat and olives as snacks. In addition to providing nutritional and organoleptic properties, VOO and the fruits (olives) contain an extensive number of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, which are considered to [...] Read more.
The Mediterranean diet includes virgin olive oil (VOO) as the main fat and olives as snacks. In addition to providing nutritional and organoleptic properties, VOO and the fruits (olives) contain an extensive number of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, which are considered to be powerful antioxidants. Furthermore, olive byproducts, such as olive leaves, olive pomace, and olive mill wastewater, considered also as rich sources of phenolic compounds, are now valorized due to being mainly applied in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The digestive system must physically and chemically break down these ingested olive-related products to release their phenolic compounds, which will be further metabolized to be used by the human organism. The first purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current status of in-vitro static digestion models for olive-related products. In this sense, the in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion methods are widely used with the following aims: (i) to study how phenolic compounds are released from their matrices and to identify structural changes of phenolic compounds after the digestion of olive fruits and oils and (ii) to support the functional value of olive leaves and byproducts generated in the olive industry by assessing their health properties before and after the gastrointestinal process. The second purpose of this review is to survey and discuss all the results available to date. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Accessibility/Availability of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Food Sources)
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