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Nanomaterials
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Magnetization and Magnetic Disorder at the Nanoscale
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Magnetization and Magnetic Disorder at the Nanoscale

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 2531

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tatyana Koutzarova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzarigradsko Chaussee 72, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: magnetic materials; magnetis; magnetic properties; spintronics; material characterization; nanomaterials synthesis; superconductivity; thin films
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic oxides are among the most important classes of magnetic materials. Because of the wide field of potential applications, they have been studied intensively for many years. With the advent of nanotechnologies, researchers’ interests in their specific magnetic properties as related to the nano-dimensions has grown considerably in view of finding novel applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics, communication technologies, electromagnetic absorption and shielding, biomedicine, theranostics, sensorics, water treatment, and catalysis, to name few. This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in the synthesis and investigations of the structural and magnetic properties of nanosized magnetic materials, with an emphasis on the influence of the nanosized state on the magnetic arrangement in the volume and magnetic disorders on the nanoparticle surface. Special attention will be paid to novel trends in the techniques of synthesis, as well as to revealing new properties and finding new applications of soft and hard magnetic oxides. We welcome reports focusing on new results concerning the structural and magnetic properties of different types of magnetic oxides in both powder and bulk forms, or as composites and thin or thick films. The Special Issue is open to articles (reviews or original manuscripts) dealing with experimental and theoretical research regarding magnetic materials.

Dr. Tatyana Koutzarova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • magnetic materials synthesis
  • magnetic properties
  • nanoscale magnetism
  • magnetic disorder
  • magnetic oxides
  • ferrites
  • diluted magnetic oxides
  • manganites
  • magnetic nanocomposites

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 6102 KiB  
Article
Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties
by Boris Krichevtsov, Alexander Korovin, Vladimir Fedorov, Sergey Suturin, Aleksandr A. Levin, Andrey Telegin, Elena Balashova and Nikolai Sokolov
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(23), 1883; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14231883 - 23 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Thin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al2O3 (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advantages of a two-stage protocol [...] Read more.
Thin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al2O3 (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advantages of a two-stage protocol are shown. The surface morphology, structural and magnetic properties of films were studied using atomic force microscopy, reflected high-energy electron diffraction, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping, powder X-ray diffraction, magneto-optical, and magnetometric methods. Annealed BaFe12O19/Al2O3 (1–102) structures consist of close-packed islands epitaxially bonded to the substrate. The hexagonal crystallographic axis and the easy axis (EA) of the magnetization of the films are deflected from the normal to the film by an angle of φ~60°. The films exhibit magnetic hysteresis loops for both in-plane Hin-plane and out-of-plane Hout-of-plane magnetic fields. The shape of Mout-of-plane(Hin-plane) and Min-plane(Hin-plane) hysteresis loops strongly depends on the azimuth θ of the Hin plane, confirming the tilted orientation of the EA. The Mout-of-plane(Hout-of-plane) magnetization curves are caused by the reversible rotation of magnetization and irreversible magnetization jumps associated with the appearance and motion of domain walls. In the absence of a magnetic field, the magnetization is oriented at an angle close to φ. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetization and Magnetic Disorder at the Nanoscale)
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18 pages, 7776 KiB  
Article
Eco-Friendly Facile Conversion of Waste Eggshells into CaO Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications
by Kathalingam Adaikalam, Sajjad Hussain, Periasamy Anbu, Arulmozhi Rajaram, Iyyakkannu Sivanesan and Hyun-Seok Kim
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(20), 1620; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201620 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 878
Abstract
Amongst the many types of food waste, eggshells contain various minerals and bioactive materials, and they can become hazardous if not properly disposed of. However, they can be made useful for the environment and people by being converted to environmentally friendly catalytic materials [...] Read more.
Amongst the many types of food waste, eggshells contain various minerals and bioactive materials, and they can become hazardous if not properly disposed of. However, they can be made useful for the environment and people by being converted to environmentally friendly catalytic materials or environmental purification agents. Simple calcination can enhance their properties and thereby render them suitable for catalytic and environmental applications. This work aimed to prepare CaO from waste eggshells and examine its effectiveness in photocatalytic pollution remediation, electrocatalytic activity, optical sensing, and antibacterial activities. As opposed to other techniques, this calcination process does not require any chemical reagents due to the high purity of CaCO3 in eggshells. Calcium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by subjecting waste eggshells (ES) to high-temperature calcination, and the synthesized CaO nanoparticles were characterized for their structural, morphological, chemical, optical, and other properties. Furthermore, their photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. It was found that the green-converted CaO can be efficiently used in environmental applications, showing good catalytic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetization and Magnetic Disorder at the Nanoscale)
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Review

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34 pages, 7832 KiB  
Review
Studying the Defects in Spinel Compounds: Discovery, Formation Mechanisms, Classification, and Influence on Catalytic Properties
by Tetiana Tatarchuk
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(20), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201640 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 984
Abstract
Spinel ferrites demonstrate extensive applications in different areas, like electrodes for electrochemical devices, gas sensors, catalysts, and magnetic adsorbents for environmentally important processes. However, defects in the real spinel structure can change the many physical and chemical properties of spinel ferrites. Although the [...] Read more.
Spinel ferrites demonstrate extensive applications in different areas, like electrodes for electrochemical devices, gas sensors, catalysts, and magnetic adsorbents for environmentally important processes. However, defects in the real spinel structure can change the many physical and chemical properties of spinel ferrites. Although the number of defects in a crystal spinel lattice is small, their influence on the vast majority of physical properties could be really decisive. This review provides an overview of the structural characteristics of spinel compounds (e.g., CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, Fe3O4, γ–Fe2O3, Co3O4, Mn3O4, NiCo2O4, ZnCo2O4, Co2MnO4, etc.) and examines the influence of defects on their properties. Attention was paid to the classification (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D defects), nomenclature, and the formation of point and surface defects in ferrites. An in-depth description of the defects responsible for the physicochemical properties and the methodologies employed for their determination are presented. DFT as the most common simulation approach is described in relation to modeling the point defects in spinel compounds. The significant influence of defect distribution on the magnetic interactions between cations, enhancing magnetic properties, is highlighted. The main defect-engineering strategies (direct synthesis and post-treatment) are described. An antistructural notation of active centers in spinel cobalt ferrite is presented. It is shown that the introduction of cations with different charges (e.g., Cu(I), Mn(II), Ce(III), or Ce(IV)) into the cobalt ferrite spinel matrix results in the formation of various point defects. The ability to predict the type of defects and their impact on material properties is the basis of defect engineering, which is currently an extremely promising direction in modern materials science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetization and Magnetic Disorder at the Nanoscale)
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