Advances in Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanomaterials: Methods and Applications

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2023) | Viewed by 2363

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon nanomaterials have attracted the attention of researchers because of their unique physical characteristics, which give rise to extraordinary growth kinetics and electronic properties. The growth kinetics and electronic properties of pristine and functionalized carbon nanomaterials can be investigated by state-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and optical absorption spectroscopy (OAS). Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool to analyze the electronic and vibronic properties of carbon nanomaterials. The modifications of spectra, such as shifts in peak shapes, are a sign of changes in the properties. NEXAFS studies the near-band-edge fine structure of carbon nanomaterials and the modifications of spectra, testifying to changes in local environments, i.e., the formation of chemical bonds. Photoemission spectroscopy, such as XPS and UPS, investigates the bonding environments and electronic properties of carbon nanomaterials. The observed shifts in peaks, and changes in spectral width and shapes, are considered to be the alteration of properties. OAS spectroscopy shows the modifications of peak positions and widths of peaks in cases of changes in the electronic properties. Spectroscopic methods are used in various applications, and are used to test the chemical and physical properties of carbon nanomaterials and devices in situ, i.e., in the process of device construction. This makes the change from lab to industrial scale more possible. In many research fields, such as those that study solar cells, electrochemical energy storage devices, catalysts, and sensors, spectroscopic methods of investigation of embedded carbon nanomaterials are applied at a large scale, which leads to industrial application.

This Special Issue will focus on the applications of chemically functionalized carbon nanomaterials, as well as advances and new perspectives. Chemically functionalized carbon nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene nanoribbons, 2D heterostructures, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, and other novel nanostructures. The Special Issue is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent and forthcoming progress in the field. It will help researchers to quickly find and identify related and relevant publications for their own work on carbon nanomaterials.

We invite interested authors to submit their original experimental and theoretical papers, as well as review articles themed within the subject, for inclusion in this Special Issue, which will boost the visibility of their work.

Dr. Marianna Kharlamova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon nanotube
  • spectroscopy
  • carbon nanomaterial
  • growth kinetics
  • electronic properties
  • acceptor
  • donor
  • doping
  • physical properties

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 748 KiB  
Editorial
Advances in Surface-Enhanced and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Mapping and Methods Combined with Raman Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Perspective Carbon Nanomaterials
by Marianna V. Kharlamova
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(17), 2495; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13172495 - 4 Sep 2023
Viewed by 3259
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is based on the effect of the plasmonic enhancement of intensity of the Raman scattering of molecules in cases when they are adsorbed on a substrate [...] Full article
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

16 pages, 4587 KiB  
Article
X-ray Spectroscopy Study of Defect Contribution to Lithium Adsorption on Porous Carbon
by Yuliya V. Fedoseeva, Elena V. Shlyakhova, Anna A. Makarova, Alexander V. Okotrub and Lyubov G. Bulusheva
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(19), 2623; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13192623 - 22 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Lithium adsorption on high-surface-area porous carbon (PC) nanomaterials provides superior electrochemical energy storage performance dominated by capacitive behavior. In this study, we demonstrate the influence of structural defects in the graphene lattice on the bonding character of adsorbed lithium. Thermally evaporated lithium was [...] Read more.
Lithium adsorption on high-surface-area porous carbon (PC) nanomaterials provides superior electrochemical energy storage performance dominated by capacitive behavior. In this study, we demonstrate the influence of structural defects in the graphene lattice on the bonding character of adsorbed lithium. Thermally evaporated lithium was deposited in vacuum on the surface of as-grown graphene-like PC and PC annealed at 400 °C. Changes in the electronic states of carbon were studied experimentally using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. NEXAFS data in combination with density functional theory calculations revealed the dative interactions between lithium sp2 hybridized states and carbon π*-type orbitals. Corrugated defective layers of graphene provide lithium with new bonding configurations, shorter distances, and stronger orbital overlapping, resulting in significant charge transfer between carbon and lithium. PC annealing heals defects, and as a result, the amount of lithium on the surface decreases. This conclusion was supported by electrochemical studies of as-grown and annealed PC in lithium-ion batteries. The former nanomaterial showed higher capacity values at all applied current densities. The results demonstrate that the lithium storage in carbon-based electrodes can be improved by introducing defects into the graphene layers. Full article
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Review

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34 pages, 7459 KiB  
Review
Electrochemistry of Carbon Materials: Progress in Raman Spectroscopy, Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, and Applications
by Marianna V. Kharlamova and Christian Kramberger
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(4), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13040640 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2717
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the discussion of applications of carbon material in electrochemistry. The paper starts with a general discussion on electrochemical doping. Then, investigations by spectroelectrochemistry are discussed. The Raman spectroscopy experiments in different electrolyte solutions are considered. This includes aqueous [...] Read more.
This paper is dedicated to the discussion of applications of carbon material in electrochemistry. The paper starts with a general discussion on electrochemical doping. Then, investigations by spectroelectrochemistry are discussed. The Raman spectroscopy experiments in different electrolyte solutions are considered. This includes aqueous solutions and acetonitrile and ionic fluids. The investigation of carbon nanotubes on different substrates is considered. The optical absorption experiments in different electrolyte solutions and substrate materials are discussed. The chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes is considered. Finally, the application of carbon materials and chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes in batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, and nanoelectronic devices is presented. Full article
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