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Nanomaterials
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Advances in Antibacterial Nanomaterials and Surface
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Advances in Antibacterial Nanomaterials and Surface

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 3897

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Elena Ivanova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: nanobiotechnology; biomimetic biomaterials; nanofabrication; antibacterial nanostructured surfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

The threat of a global rise of untreatable infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria calls for the design and fabrication of a new generation of smart antimicrobial materials. Following the discovery of the efficient, bacteria-killing nature of insect wing surfaces, the properties of these biological nanostructures have recently become the subject of intense investigation, promising to play a large role in combating the emerging, worldwide epidemic of “super-bugs”.

The formation of bacterial biofilms has been prevented for many years through adapting the physical and chemical properties of a variety of medical tools, particularly the surfaces of instruments and implants. Recent studies of insect wings have shown that they are covered with nano-pillared arrays lethal to most species of pathogenic bacteria. Rather than relying on a combination of physical and chemical properties to combat biofilm formation, the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of nanostructured surfaces has been described in terms of purely physical, “mechano-bactericidal” effects.

The fabrication of synthetic antibacterial surfaces was first inspired by the anti-wetting and anti-biofouling properties of insect wings, and other topologies found in nature. Synthetic antibacterial, micro- and nano-structured, biomimetic surfaces fabricated on an array of different materials are the key in fighting non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria.

Prof. Dr. Elena Ivanova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3112 KiB  
Article
Enterococcus spp. Cell-Free Extract: An Abiotic Route for Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs), Their Characterisation and Inhibition of Escherichia coli
by Job T. Tendenedzai, Evans M. N. Chirwa and Hendrik G. Brink
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(4), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12040658 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2442
Abstract
Selenite (SeO32−), the most toxic and most reactive selenium (Se) oxyanion, can be reduced to elemental selenium (Se0) nanoparticles by a variety of bacteria, including Enterococcus spp. Previously, the orthodox view held that the reduction of SeO3 [...] Read more.
Selenite (SeO32−), the most toxic and most reactive selenium (Se) oxyanion, can be reduced to elemental selenium (Se0) nanoparticles by a variety of bacteria, including Enterococcus spp. Previously, the orthodox view held that the reduction of SeO32− to Se0 by a wide range of bacteria was solely accomplished by biological processes; however, recent studies have shown that various bacterial strains secrete metal-reducing metabolites, thereby indirectly catalysing the reduction of these metal species. In the current study, selenium nanoparticles were synthesised from the abiotic reduction of selenite with the use of Enterococcus spp. cell-free extract. Once separated from the cell-free extract, the particles were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a Zetasizer. The results revealed that the SeNPs were spherical in shape, containing both amorphous and crystalline properties, and the sizes with the highest frequency ranged close to 200 nm. Additionally, the obtained nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial properties by directly inhibiting the viability of an E. coli bacterial strain. The results demonstrate not only the potential of abiotic production of SeNPs, but also the potential for these particles as microbial inhibitors in medical or similar fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antibacterial Nanomaterials and Surface)
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17 pages, 1380 KiB  
Article
Surface Architecture Influences the Rigidity of Candida albicans Cells
by Phuc H. Le, Duy H. K. Nguyen, Arturo Aburto Medina, Denver P. Linklater, Christian Loebbe, Russell J. Crawford, Shane MacLaughlin and Elena P. Ivanova
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(3), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030567 - 7 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2735
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the morphology and rigidity of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, during its attachment to surfaces of three levels of nanoscale surface roughness. Non-polished titanium (npTi), polished titanium (pTi), and glass with respective [...] Read more.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the morphology and rigidity of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, during its attachment to surfaces of three levels of nanoscale surface roughness. Non-polished titanium (npTi), polished titanium (pTi), and glass with respective average surface roughness (Sa) values of 389 nm, 14 nm, and 2 nm, kurtosis (Skur) values of 4, 16, and 4, and skewness (Sskw) values of 1, 4, and 1 were used as representative examples of each type of nanoarchitecture. Thus, npTi and glass surfaces exhibited similar Sskw and Skur values but highly disparate Sa. C. albicans cells that had attached to the pTi surfaces exhibited a twofold increase in rigidity of 364 kPa compared to those yeast cells attached to the surfaces of npTi (164 kPa) and glass (185 kPa). The increased rigidity of the C. albicans cells on pTi was accompanied by a distinct round morphology, condensed F-actin distribution, lack of cortical actin patches, and the negligible production of cell-associated polymeric substances; however, an elevated production of loose extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was observed. The differences in the physical response of C. albicans cells attached to the three surfaces suggested that the surface nanoarchitecture (characterized by skewness and kurtosis), rather than average surface roughness, could directly influence the rigidity of the C. albicans cells. This work contributes to the next-generation design of antifungal surfaces by exploiting surface architecture to control the extent of biofilm formation undertaken by yeast pathogens and highlights the importance of performing a detailed surface roughness characterization in order to identify and discriminate between the surface characteristics that may influence the extent of cell attachment and the subsequent behavior of the attached cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antibacterial Nanomaterials and Surface)
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