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Nanomaterials
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Vapor-Based Graphene Synthesis and Its Applications
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Vapor-Based Graphene Synthesis and Its Applications

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2024) | Viewed by 3710

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sarunas Meskinis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: diamond-like carbon; diamond-like carbon nanocomposites; direct synthesis of graphene; carbon nanomaterials for photosensors and photovoltaics; Schottky diode-based devices; piezoresistive properties; surface plasmon resonance; optical properties; plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; ion beam deposition; magnetron sputtering; reactive magnetron sputtering; high power impulse magnetron sputtering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Graphene is 2D carbon nanomaterial, a monolayer or several layers of hexagonally shaped carbon atoms. Graphene has received considerable interest due to the huge mobility of electrons and holes within it, and its optical transparency, low electrical resistance, flexibility, and chemical inertness.

Graphene synthesis using different vapor-based methods provides an opportunity to control the structure and properties of graphene by adjusting its deposition conditions. In such a case, graphene can be directly grown on catalytic metal foils and even on semiconducting and dielectric substrates, similar to the functional layers and electrodes of more mature semiconductor devices. Graphene grown via vapor-based methods is already considered a new transparent conductor in solar cells, a monolayer alternative to the Schottky contact metals in photodetectors and Schottky diodes, and an active layer within field effect transistors and different sensors.

The potential topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), pulsed laser deposition, cathodic arc evaporation, and magnetron sputtering on catalytic metal substrates;
  2. Graphene direct synthesis on the semiconducting and dielectric substrates;
  3. Graphene for solar cell applications;
  4. Graphene for photodetector applications;
  5. Graphene for sensor applications;
  6. Graphene for microelectronic device (diode, transistor, thyristor) applications;
  7. Graphene for light emitting diode and laser applications;
  8. Other applications of the graphene synthesized using vapor-based methods.

Dr. Sarunas Meskinis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • graphene
  • CVD
  • PECVD
  • filtered cathodic arc
  • PLD
  • magnetron sputtering
  • solar cells
  • photodetectors
  • sensors
  • electronics devices
  • light-emitting diodes
  • lasers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 4737 KiB  
Article
Biosensor Based on Graphene Directly Grown by MW-PECVD for Detection of COVID-19 Spike (S) Protein and Its Entry Receptor ACE2
by Šarunas Meškinis, Rimantas Gudaitis, Andrius Vasiliauskas, Asta Guobienė, Šarūnas Jankauskas, Voitech Stankevič, Skirmantas Keršulis, Arūnas Stirkė, Eivydas Andriukonis, Wanessa Melo, Vilius Vertelis and Nerija Žurauskienė
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(16), 2373; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13162373 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1915
Abstract
Biosensors based on graphene field-effect transistors (G-FET) for detecting COVID-19 spike S protein and its receptor ACE2 were reported. The graphene, directly synthesized on SiO2/Si substrate by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD), was used for FET biosensor fabrication. The commercial [...] Read more.
Biosensors based on graphene field-effect transistors (G-FET) for detecting COVID-19 spike S protein and its receptor ACE2 were reported. The graphene, directly synthesized on SiO2/Si substrate by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD), was used for FET biosensor fabrication. The commercial graphene, CVD-grown on a copper substrate and subsequently transferred onto a glass substrate, was applied for comparison purposes. The graphene structure and surface morphology were studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. Graphene surfaces were functionalized by an aromatic molecule PBASE (1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester), and subsequent immobilization of the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was performed. A microfluidic system was developed, and transfer curves of liquid-gated FET were measured after each graphene surface modification procedure to investigate ACE2 immobilization by varying its concentration and subsequent spike S protein detection. The directly synthesized graphene FET sensitivity to the receptor ACE2, evaluated in terms of the Dirac voltage shift, exceeded the sensitivity of the transferred commercial graphene-based FET. The concentration of the spike S protein was detected in the range of 10 ag/mL up to 10 μg/mL by using a developed microfluidic system and measuring the transfer characteristics of the liquid-gated G-FETs. It was found that the shift of the Dirac voltage depends on the spike S concentration and was 27 mV with saturation at 10 pg/mL for directly synthesized G-FET biosensor, while for transferred G-FET, the maximal shift of 70 mV was obtained at 10 μg/mL with a tendency of saturation at 10 ng/mL. The detection limit as low as 10 ag/mL was achieved for both G-FETs. The sensitivity of the biosensors at spike S concentration of 10 pg/mL measured as relative current change at a constant gate voltage corresponding to the highest transconductance of the G-FETs was found at 5.6% and 8.8% for directly synthesized and transferred graphene biosensors, respectively. Thus, MW-PECVD-synthesized graphene-based biosensor demonstrating high sensitivity and low detection limit has excellent potential for applications in COVID-19 diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vapor-Based Graphene Synthesis and Its Applications)
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11 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
A Wrinkling and Etching-Assisted Regrowth Strategy for Large-Area Bilayer Graphene Preparation on Cu
by Qiongyu Li, Tongzhi Liu, You Li, Fang Li, Yanshuai Zhao and Shihao Huang
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(14), 2059; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13142059 - 12 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1346
Abstract
Bilayer graphene is a contender of interest for functional electronic applications because of its variable band gap due to interlayer interactions. Graphene growth on Cu is self-limiting, thus despite the fact that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has made substantial strides in the production [...] Read more.
Bilayer graphene is a contender of interest for functional electronic applications because of its variable band gap due to interlayer interactions. Graphene growth on Cu is self-limiting, thus despite the fact that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has made substantial strides in the production of monolayer and single-crystal graphene on Cu substrates, the direct synthesizing of high-quality, large-area bilayer graphene remains an enormous challenge. In order to tackle this issue, we present a simple technique using typical CVD graphene growth followed by a repetitive wrinkling-etching-regrowth procedure. The key element of our approach is the rapid cooling process that causes high-density wrinkles to form in the monolayer area rather than the bilayer area. Next, wrinkled sites are selectively etched with hydrogen, exposing a significant portion of the active Cu surface, and leaving the remaining bilayer areas, which enhance the nucleation and growth of the second graphene layer. A fully covered graphene with 78 ± 2.8% bilayer coverage and a bilayer transmittance of 95.6% at room temperature can be achieved by modifying the process settings. Bilayer graphene samples are examined using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and an atomic force microscope (AFM) during this process. The outcomes of our research are beneficial in clarifying the growth processes and future commercial applications of bilayer graphene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vapor-Based Graphene Synthesis and Its Applications)
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