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Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage
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Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 49234

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jian Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
Interests: advanced nanofabrication techniques; atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD); lithium-ion battery; next-generation batteries (Li-S, Na-ion); nanomaterials and nanotechnology
Dr. Dongping Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
Interests: electrode materials and electrolytes for Li-ion (Li) batteries, rechargeable Mg batteries, and Ni-MH batteries and mechanism analysis through various in-situ/ex-situ techniques; electrochemistry; nanomaterials and nanotechnology
Dr. Xiaolei Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
Interests: advanced energy materials; clean energy technologies; nanostructured and porous materials; batteries and supercapacitors; electrochemistry; electrocatalysis; water splitting; CO2 reduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical energy storage technologies play key roles for storing electricity harvested from renewable energy resources of an intermittent nature, such as solar and wind, and for utilizing electricity for a range of applications, such as electric vehicles and flights, wearable electronics, and medical implants. Several electrochemical systems, such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, have shown great potentials for these emerging applications. In these systems, nanostructured materials have been widely used for improving the electrochemical performance, and studying the electrochemical reaction mechanisms due to their unique chemical and physical properties. For these applications, it is essential to design and synthesize novel multiscale nanomaterials with optimized structure and properties by using nanofabrication techniques.

This Special Issue welcomes submission of original research papers or comprehensive reviews, that demonstrate or summarize significant advances in the synthesis and application of novel energy nanomaterials in various electrochemical energy storage systems, including but not limited to, Li-ion, Na-ion, Li-S, all-solid-state, flow batteries, supercapacitors, hybrid supercapacitors, and that disclose insight into the synthesis-structure-performance relation in these new nanostructured materials.

Dr. Jian Liu
Dr. Dongping Lu
Dr. Xiaolei Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nanomaterials
  • Nanofabrication
  • Supercapacitors
  • Liquid-solid and solid-solid interface
  • Li-S batteries
  • Na-ion batteries
  • Li-ion batteries

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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13 pages, 3566 KiB  
Article
Linear-Polyethyleneimine-Templated Synthesis of N-Doped Carbon Nanonet Flakes for High-performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
by Dengchao Xia, Junpeng Quan, Guodong Wu, Xinling Liu, Zongtao Zhang, Haipeng Ji, Deliang Chen, Liying Zhang, Yu Wang, Shasha Yi, Ying Zhou, Yanfeng Gao and Ren-hua Jin
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(9), 1225; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091225 - 29 Aug 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7586
Abstract
Novel N-doped carbon nanonet flakes (NCNFs), consisting of three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanotube and penetrable mesopore channels were synthesized in the assistance of a hybrid catalytic template of silica-coated-linear polyethyleneimine (PEI). Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and melamine were used as precursors for carbon and [...] Read more.
Novel N-doped carbon nanonet flakes (NCNFs), consisting of three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanotube and penetrable mesopore channels were synthesized in the assistance of a hybrid catalytic template of silica-coated-linear polyethyleneimine (PEI). Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and melamine were used as precursors for carbon and nitrogen, respectively, which were spontaneously formed on the silica-coated-PEI template and then annealed at 700 °C in a N2 atmosphere to be transformed into the hierarchical 3D N-doped carbon nanonetworks. The obtained NCNFs possess high surface area (946 m2 g−1), uniform pore size (2–5 nm), and excellent electron and ion conductivity, which were quite beneficial for electrochemical double-layered supercapacitors (EDLSs). The supercapacitor synthesized from NCNFs electrodes exhibited both extremely high capacitance (up to 613 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and excellent long-term capacitance retention performance (96% capacitive retention after 20,000 cycles), which established the current processing among the most competitive strategies for the synthesis of high performance supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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10 pages, 2368 KiB  
Article
Spark Plasma Sintering of Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphate Solid Electrolyte and its Electrochemical Properties
by Hongzheng Zhu, Anil Prasad, Somi Doja, Lukas Bichler and Jian Liu
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(8), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9081086 - 29 Jul 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4509
Abstract
Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-type lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) has attracted increasing attention as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs), due to the good ionic conductivity and highly stable interface with Li metal. However, it still remains challenging to achieve high [...] Read more.
Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-type lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) has attracted increasing attention as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs), due to the good ionic conductivity and highly stable interface with Li metal. However, it still remains challenging to achieve high density and good ionic conductivity in LAGP pellets by using conventional sintering methods, because they required high temperatures (>800 °C) and long sintering time (>6 h), which could cause the loss of lithium, the formation of impurity phases, and thus the reduction of ionic conductivity. Herein, we report the utilization of a spark plasma sintering (SPS) method to synthesize LAGP pellets with a density of 3.477 g cm−3, a relative high density up to 97.6%, and a good ionic conductivity of 3.29 × 10−4 S cm−1. In contrast to the dry-pressing process followed with high-temperature annealing, the optimized SPS process only required a low operating temperature of 650 °C and short sintering time of 10 min. Despite the least energy and short time consumption, the SPS approach could still achieve LAGP pellets with high density, little voids and cracks, intimate grain–grain boundary, and high ionic conductivity. These advantages suggest the great potential of SPS as a fabrication technique for preparing solid electrolytes and composite electrodes used in ASSLIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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23 pages, 6051 KiB  
Article
Mixed-Phase MnO2/N-Containing Graphene Composites Applied as Electrode Active Materials for Flexible Asymmetric Solid-State Supercapacitors
by Hsin-Ya Chiu and Chun-Pei Cho
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(11), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8110924 - 8 Nov 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3983
Abstract
MnO2/N-containing graphene composites with various contents of Mn were fabricated and used as active materials for the electrodes of flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. By scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), fourier-transform [...] Read more.
MnO2/N-containing graphene composites with various contents of Mn were fabricated and used as active materials for the electrodes of flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. By scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectra, the presence of MnO2 and N-containing graphene was verified. The MnO2 nanostructures decorated on the N-containing graphene were of α- and γ-mixed phases. N-containing graphene was found to reduce the charge transfer impedance in the high-frequency region at the electrode/electrolyte interface (RCT) due to its good conductivity. The co-existence of MnO2 and N-containing graphene led to a more reduced RCT and improved charge transfer. Both the mass loading and content of Mn in an active material electrode were crucial. Excess Mn caused reduced contacts between the electrode and electrolyte ions, leading to increased RCT, and suppressed ionic diffusion. When the optimized mass loading and Mn content were used, the 3-NGM1 electrode exhibiting the smallest RCT and a lower ionic diffusion impedance was obtained. It also showed a high specific capacitance of 638 F·g−1 by calculation from the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves. The corresponding energy and power densities were 372.7 Wh·kg−1 and 4731.1 W·kg−1, respectively. The superior capacitance property arising from the synergistic effect of mixed-phase MnO2 and N-containing graphene had permitted the composites promising active materials for flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. Moreover, the increase of specific capacitance was found to be more significant by the pseudocapacitive MnO2 than N-containing graphene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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10 pages, 3410 KiB  
Communication
Single-Step Direct Hydrothermal Growth of NiMoO4 Nanostructured Thin Film on Stainless Steel for Supercapacitor Electrodes
by V. Kannan, Hyun-Jung Kim, Hyun-Chang Park and Hyun-Seok Kim
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(8), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8080563 - 24 Jul 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4461
Abstract
We report a facile and direct growth of NiMoO4 nanostructures on a nonreactive stainless steel substrate using a single-step hydrothermal method and investigated hydrothermal growth duration effects on morphology and electrochemical characteristics. The highest specific capacitances of 341, 619, and 281 F/g [...] Read more.
We report a facile and direct growth of NiMoO4 nanostructures on a nonreactive stainless steel substrate using a single-step hydrothermal method and investigated hydrothermal growth duration effects on morphology and electrochemical characteristics. The highest specific capacitances of 341, 619, and 281 F/g were observed for NiMoO4 with 9, 18, and 27 h growth, respectively, at 1 A/g. Thus, grown samples preserved almost 59% of maximum specific capacitance at a high current density of 10 A/g. All samples exhibited a respectable cycling stability over 3000 charge-discharge operations. NiMoO4 grown for 18 h exhibited 7200 W/kg peak power density at 14 Wh/kg energy density. Thus, the proposed single-step hydrothermal growth is a promising route to obtain NiMoO4 nanostructures and other metal oxide electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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14 pages, 6114 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Honeycomb-Like Porous Carbon with Both Interconnected Hierarchical Porosity and Nitrogen Self-Doping from Cotton Seed Husk for Supercapacitor Electrode
by Hui Chen, Gang Wang, Long Chen, Bin Dai and Feng Yu
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(6), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060412 - 8 Jun 2018
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 6651
Abstract
Hierarchical porous structures with surface nitrogen-doped porous carbon are current research topics of interest for high performance supercapacitor electrode materials. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like porous carbon with interconnected hierarchical porosity and nitrogen self-doping was synthesized by simple and cost-efficient one-step KOH activation [...] Read more.
Hierarchical porous structures with surface nitrogen-doped porous carbon are current research topics of interest for high performance supercapacitor electrode materials. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like porous carbon with interconnected hierarchical porosity and nitrogen self-doping was synthesized by simple and cost-efficient one-step KOH activation from waste cottonseed husk (a-CSHs). The obtained a-CSHs possessed hierarchical micro-, meso-, and macro-pores, a high specific surface area of 1694.1 m2/g, 3D architecture, and abundant self N-doping. Owing to these distinct features, a-CSHs delivered high specific capacitances of 238 F/g and 200 F/g at current densities of 0.5 A/g and 20 A/g, respectively, in a 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte, demonstrating good capacitance retention of 84%. The assembled a-CSHs-based symmetric supercapacitor also displayed high specific capacitance of 52 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with an energy density of 10.4 Wh/Kg at 300 W/Kg, and 91% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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9 pages, 5521 KiB  
Article
A Hollow-Structured Manganese Oxide Cathode for Stable Zn-MnO2 Batteries
by Xiaotong Guo, Jianming Li, Xu Jin, Yehu Han, Yue Lin, Zhanwu Lei, Shiyang Wang, Lianjie Qin, Shuhong Jiao and Ruiguo Cao
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(5), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8050301 - 5 May 2018
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 10012
Abstract
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO2) batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices for large scale-energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, only a few cathode materials have been demonstrated [...] Read more.
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO2) batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices for large scale-energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, only a few cathode materials have been demonstrated to achieve stable cycling for aqueous rechargeable Zn-MnO2 batteries. Here, we report a new material consisting of hollow MnO2 nanospheres, which can be used for aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries. The hollow MnO2 nanospheres can achieve high specific capacity up to ~405 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C. More importantly, the hollow structure of birnessite-type MnO2 enables long-term cycling stability for the aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries. The excellent performance of the hollow MnO2 nanospheres should be due to their unique structural properties that enable the easy intercalation of zinc ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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12 pages, 19549 KiB  
Article
One-Dimensional Porous Silicon Nanowires with Large Surface Area for Fast Charge–Discharge Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Xu Chen, Qinsong Bi, Muhammad Sajjad, Xu Wang, Yang Ren, Xiaowei Zhou, Wen Xu and Zhu Liu
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(5), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8050285 - 27 Apr 2018
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 6521
Abstract
In this study, one-dimensional porous silicon nanowire (1D–PSiNW) arrays were fabricated by one-step metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) to etch phosphorus-doped silicon wafers. The as-prepared mesoporous 1D–PSiNW arrays here had especially high specific surface areas of 323.47 m2·g−1 and were applied [...] Read more.
In this study, one-dimensional porous silicon nanowire (1D–PSiNW) arrays were fabricated by one-step metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) to etch phosphorus-doped silicon wafers. The as-prepared mesoporous 1D–PSiNW arrays here had especially high specific surface areas of 323.47 m2·g−1 and were applied as anodes to achieve fast charge–discharge performance for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The 1D–PSiNWs anodes with feature size of ~7 nm exhibited reversible specific capacity of 2061.1 mAh·g−1 after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.5 A·g−1. Moreover, under the ultrafast charge–discharge current rate of 16.0 A·g−1, the 1D–PSiNWs anodes still maintained 586.7 mAh·g−1 capacity even after 5000 cycles. This nanoporous 1D–PSiNW with high surface area is a potential anode candidate for the ultrafast charge–discharge in LIBs with high specific capacity and superior cycling performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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9 pages, 1400 KiB  
Letter
High Electrochemical Performance Phosphorus-Oxide Modified Graphene Electrode for Redox Supercapacitors Prepared by One-Step Electrochemical Exfoliation
by Lei Zu, Xing Gao, Huiqin Lian, Xiaomin Cai, Ce Li, Ying Zhong, Yicheng Hao, Yifan Zhang, Zheng Gong, Yang Liu, Xiaodong Wang and Xiuguo Cui
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(6), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060417 - 9 Jun 2018
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4411
Abstract
Phosphorus oxide modified graphene was prepared by one-step electrochemical anodic exfoliation method and utilized as electrode in a redox supercapacitor that contained potassium iodide in electrolytes. The whole preparation process was completed in a few minutes and the yield was about 37.2%. The [...] Read more.
Phosphorus oxide modified graphene was prepared by one-step electrochemical anodic exfoliation method and utilized as electrode in a redox supercapacitor that contained potassium iodide in electrolytes. The whole preparation process was completed in a few minutes and the yield was about 37.2%. The prepared sample has better electrocatalysis activity for I−/I−3 redox reaction than graphite due to the good charge transfer performance between phosphorus oxide and iodide ions. The maximum discharge specific capacitance is 1634.2 F/g when the current density is 3.5 mA/cm2 and it can keep at 463 F/g after 500 charging–discharging cycles when the current density increased about three times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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