Nanomaterials

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10 pages, 2820 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Radiation-Stimulated Formation of Two-Dimensional Structures Based on Calcium Silicide

by Aigul F. Zinovieva, Vladimir A. Zinovyev, Natalia P. Stepina, Vladimir A. Volodin, Aleksey Y. Krupin, Aleksey V. Kacyuba and Anatoly V. Dvurechenskii

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(20), 3623; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203623 - 16 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1484

Abstract

The formation of CaSi₂ polycrystalline structures under the postgrowth electron irradiation of epitaxial CaF₂/Si(111) films with embedded thin Si layers was studied. The dependence on the electron exposure time was investigated for two types of structures with different film thicknesses. [...] Read more.

The formation of CaSi₂ polycrystalline structures under the postgrowth electron irradiation of epitaxial CaF₂/Si(111) films with embedded thin Si layers was studied. The dependence on the electron exposure time was investigated for two types of structures with different film thicknesses. The optimal conditions for the formation of two-dimensional CaSi₂ structures were found. Raman spectra of the structures after a 1 min electron irradiation demonstrated only one pronounced peak corresponding to the vibrations of Si atoms in the plane of the calcium-intercalated two-dimensional Si layer. An increase in the exposure time resulted in the transition from two- to three-dimensional CaSi₂ structures having more complex Raman spectra with additional peaks typical of bulk CaSi₂ crystals. Based on the results of microscopic studies and transport measurements, a model explaining the observed effects was proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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10 pages, 1746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Facile and Rapid Synthesis of Porous Hydrated V₂O₅ Nanoflakes for High-Performance Zinc Ion Battery Applications

by Kai Guo, Wenchong Cheng, Haoxiong Chen, Hanbin Li, Jinxue Chen, Haiyuan Liu, Yunliang Tu, Wenhao She, Zhengkai Huang, Yinpeng Wan, Lixia Zou, Zhuyao Li, Xing Zhong, Yongchuan Wu, Xianfu Wang and Neng Yu

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2400; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142400 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2239

Abstract

Hydrated V₂O₅ with unique physical and chemical characteristics has been widely used in various function devices, including solar cells, catalysts, electrochromic windows, supercapacitors, and batteries. Recently, it has attracted extensive attention because of the enormous potential for the high-performance aqueous [...] Read more.

Hydrated V₂O₅ with unique physical and chemical characteristics has been widely used in various function devices, including solar cells, catalysts, electrochromic windows, supercapacitors, and batteries. Recently, it has attracted extensive attention because of the enormous potential for the high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery cathode. Although great progress has been made in developing applications of hydrated V₂O₅, little research focuses on improving current synthesis methods, which have disadvantages of massive energy consumption, tedious reaction time, and/or low efficiency. Herein, an improved synthesis method is developed for hydrated V₂O₅ nanoflakes according to the phenomenon that the reactions between V₂O₅ and peroxide can be dramatically accelerated with low-temperature heating. Porous hydrated V₂O₅ nanoflake gel was obtained from cheap raw materials at 40 °C in 30 min. It shows a high specific capacity, of 346.6 mAh/g, at 0.1 A/g; retains 55.2% of that at 20 A/g; and retains a specific capacity of 221.0 mAh/g after 1800 charging/discharging cycles at 1 A/g as an aqueous zinc ion battery cathode material. This work provides a highly facile and rapid synthesis method for hydrated V₂O₅, which may favor its applications in energy storage and other functional devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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9 pages, 2675 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Structural Parameters on Performance of SAW Resonators Based on 128° YX LiNbO₃ Single Crystal

by Wenping Geng, Caiqin Zhao, Feng Xue, Xiaojun Qiao, Jinlong He, Gang Xue, Yukai Liu, Huifen Wei, Kaixi Bi, Linyu Mei and Xiujian Chou

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(12), 2109; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122109 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2615

Abstract

The seeking of resonator with high Q and low insertion loss is attractive for critical sensing scenes based on the surface acoustic wave (SAW). In this work, 128° YX LiNbO₃-based SAW resonators were utilized to optimize the output performance through IDT [...] Read more.

The seeking of resonator with high Q and low insertion loss is attractive for critical sensing scenes based on the surface acoustic wave (SAW). In this work, 128° YX LiNbO₃-based SAW resonators were utilized to optimize the output performance through IDT structure parameters. Once the pairs of IDTs, the acoustic aperture, the reflecting grid logarithm, and the gap between IDT and reflector are changed, a better resonance frequency of 224.85 MHz and a high Q of 1364.5 were obtained. All the results demonstrate the structure parameters design is helpful for the performance enhancement with regard to SAW resonators, especially for designing and fabricating high-Q devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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20 pages, 6341 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Structural and Parametric Identification of Knowm Memristors

by Valerii Ostrovskii, Petr Fedoseev, Yulia Bobrova and Denis Butusov

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010063 - 27 Dec 2021

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3824

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel identification method for memristive devices using Knowm memristors as an example. The suggested identification method is presented as a generalized process for a wide range of memristive elements. An experimental setup was created to obtain a set of [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a novel identification method for memristive devices using Knowm memristors as an example. The suggested identification method is presented as a generalized process for a wide range of memristive elements. An experimental setup was created to obtain a set of intrinsic I–V curves for Knowm memristors. Using the acquired measurements data and proposed identification technique, we developed a new mathematical model that considers low-current effects and cycle-to-cycle variability. The process of parametric identification for the proposed model is described. The obtained memristor model represents the switching threshold as a function of the state variables vector, making it possible to account for snapforward or snapback effects, frequency properties, and switching variability. Several tools for the visual presentation of the identification results are considered, and some limitations of the proposed model are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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10 pages, 2290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Silver/Polypyrrole-Functionalized Polyurethane Foam Embedded Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Harvesting

by Dongli Fan, Yuan Meng, Yuzhuo Jiang, Siyi Qian, Jie Liu, Yuzhi Xu, Dangsheng Xiong and Yufeng Cao

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 3011; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113011 - 9 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2361

Abstract

Conversion of solar energy into thermal energy stored in phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively relieve the energy dilemma and improve energy utilization efficiency. However, facile fabrication of form-stable PCMs (FSPCMs) to achieve simultaneously energetic solar–thermal, conversion and storage remains a formidable challenge. [...] Read more.

Conversion of solar energy into thermal energy stored in phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively relieve the energy dilemma and improve energy utilization efficiency. However, facile fabrication of form-stable PCMs (FSPCMs) to achieve simultaneously energetic solar–thermal, conversion and storage remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a desirable solar–thermal energy conversion and storage system that utilizes paraffin (PW) as energy-storage units, the silver/polypyrrole-functionalized polyurethane (PU) foam as the cage and energy conversion platform to restrain the fluidity of the melting paraffin and achieve high solar–thermal energy conversion efficiency (93.7%) simultaneously. The obtained FSPCMs possess high thermal energy storage density (187.4 J/g) and an excellent leak-proof property. In addition, 200 accelerated solar–thermal energy conversion-cycling tests demonstrated that the resultant FSPCMs had excellent cycling durability and reversible solar–thermal energy conversion ability, which offered a potential possibility in the field of solar energy utilization technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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10 pages, 1835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nanosensors Based on Structural Memory Carbon Nanodots for Ag⁺ Fluorescence Determination

by Xi Zhou, Yufeng Cao, Xinji Zhou, Lina Xu, Daihui Zhang, Chunpeng Wang, Fuxiang Chu and Tao Qian

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2687; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102687 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2809

Abstract

Ag⁺ pollution is of great harm to the human body and environmental biology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop inexpensive and accurate detection methods. Herein, lignin-derived structural memory carbon nanodots (C_SM-dots) with outstanding fluorescence properties were fabricated via [...] Read more.

Ag⁺ pollution is of great harm to the human body and environmental biology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop inexpensive and accurate detection methods. Herein, lignin-derived structural memory carbon nanodots (C_SM-dots) with outstanding fluorescence properties were fabricated via a green method. The mild preparation process allowed the C_SM-dots to remain plentiful phenol, hydroxyl, and methoxy groups, which have a specific interaction with Ag⁺ through the reduction of silver ions. Further, the sulfur atoms doped on C_SM-dots provided more active sites on their surface and the strong interaction with Ag nanoparticles. The C_SM-dots can specifically bind Ag⁺, accompanied by a remarkable fluorescence quenching response. This “turn-off” fluorescence behavior was used for Ag⁺ determination in a linear range of 5–290 μM with the detection limit as low as 500 nM. Furthermore, findings showed that this sensing nano-platform was successfully used for Ag⁺ determination in real samples and intracellular imaging, showing great potential in biological and environmental monitoring applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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10 pages, 3296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integration Technology for Wafer-Level LiNbO₃ Single-Crystal Thin Film on Silicon by Polyimide Adhesive Bonding and Chemical Mechanical Polishing

by Wenping Geng, Xiangyu Yang, Gang Xue, Wenhao Xu, Kaixi Bi, Linyu Mei, Le Zhang, Xiaojuan Hou and Xiujian Chou

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2554; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102554 - 29 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3010

Abstract

An integration technology for wafer-level LiNbO₃ single-crystal thin film on Si has been achieved. The optimized spin-coating speed of PI (polyimide) adhesive is 3500 rad/min. According to Fourier infrared analysis of the chemical state of the film baked under different conditions, a [...] Read more.

An integration technology for wafer-level LiNbO₃ single-crystal thin film on Si has been achieved. The optimized spin-coating speed of PI (polyimide) adhesive is 3500 rad/min. According to Fourier infrared analysis of the chemical state of the film baked under different conditions, a high-quality PI film that can be used for wafer-level bonding is obtained. A high bonding strength of 11.38 MPa is obtained by a tensile machine. The bonding interface is uniform, completed and non-porous. After the PI adhesive bonding process, the LiNbO₃ single-crystal was lapped by chemical mechanical polishing. The thickness of the 100 mm diameter LiNbO₃ can be decreased from 500 to 10 μm without generating serious cracks. A defect-free and tight bonding interface was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction results show that the prepared LiNbO₃ single-crystal thin film has a highly crystalline quality. Heterogeneous integration of LiNbO₃ single-crystal thin film on Si is of great significance to the fabrication of MEMS devices for in-situ measurement of space-sensing signals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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11 pages, 3176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Properties of S-Functionalized Nitrogen-Based MXene (Ti₂NS₂) as a Hosting Material for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

by Chenghao Yao, Wei Li, Kang Duan, Chen Zhu, Jinze Li, Qingyin Ren and Gang Bai

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2478; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102478 - 23 Sep 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2827

Abstract

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received extensive attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity and theoretical energy density. However, their commercialization is hindered by the shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of lithium polysulfide. To solve this problem, a method is proposed to [...] Read more.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received extensive attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity and theoretical energy density. However, their commercialization is hindered by the shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of lithium polysulfide. To solve this problem, a method is proposed to improve the performance of Li-S batteries using Ti₂N(Ti₂NS₂) with S-functional groups as the sulfur cathode host material. The calculation results show that due to the mutual attraction between Li and S atoms, Ti₂NS₂ has the moderate adsorption energies for Li₂S_x species, which is more advantageous than Ti₂NO₂ and can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect. Therefore, Ti₂NS₂ is a potential cathode host material, which is helpful to improve the performance of Li-S batteries. This work provides a reference for the design of high-performance sulfur cathode materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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13 pages, 4152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Probing into the In-Situ Exsolution Mechanism of Metal Nanoparticles from Doped Ceria Host

by Lifang Zhang, Weiwei Ji, Qiyang Guo, Yu Cheng, Xiaojuan Liu, Hongbin Lu and Hong Dai

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 2114; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082114 - 19 Aug 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2990

Abstract

Exsolved nanoparticle catalysts have recently attracted broad research interest as they simultaneously combine the features of catalytic activity and chemical stability in various applications of energy conversion and storage. As the internal mechanism of in-situ exsolution is of prime significance for the optimization [...] Read more.

Exsolved nanoparticle catalysts have recently attracted broad research interest as they simultaneously combine the features of catalytic activity and chemical stability in various applications of energy conversion and storage. As the internal mechanism of in-situ exsolution is of prime significance for the optimization of its strategy, comprehensive research focused on the behaviors of in-situ segregation for metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pt and Au)-substituted CeO₂ is reported using first-principles calculations. An interesting link between the behaviors of metal growth from the ceria host and their microelectronic reconfigurations was established to understand the inherent attribute of metal self-regeneration, where a stair-stepping charge difference served as the inner driving force existing along the exsolving pathway, and the weak metal-coordinate associations synergistically facilitate the ceria’s in-situ growth. We hope that these new insights provide a microscopic insight into the physics of in-situ exsolution to gain a guideline for the design of nanoparticle socketed catalysts from bottom to top. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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Review

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15 pages, 4492 KiB

Open AccessReview

Construction of Electrochemical Sensors for Antibiotic Detection Based on Carbon Nanocomposites

by Aihemaitijiang Aihaiti, Zongda Li, Yanan Qin, Fanxing Meng, Xinbo Li, Zekun Huangfu, Keping Chen and Minwei Zhang

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(16), 2789; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12162789 - 14 Aug 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2985

Abstract

Excessive antibiotic residues in food can cause detrimental effects on human health. The establishment of rapid, sensitive, selective, and reliable methods for the detection of antibiotics is highly in demand. With the inherent advantages of high sensitivity, rapid analysis time, and facile miniaturization, [...] Read more.

Excessive antibiotic residues in food can cause detrimental effects on human health. The establishment of rapid, sensitive, selective, and reliable methods for the detection of antibiotics is highly in demand. With the inherent advantages of high sensitivity, rapid analysis time, and facile miniaturization, the electrochemical sensors have great potential in the detection of antibiotics. The electrochemical platforms comprising carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been proposed to detect antibiotic residues. Notably, with the introduction of functional CNMs, the performance of electrochemical sensors can be bolstered. This review first presents the significance of functional CNMs in the detection of antibiotics. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the applications for detection by enhancing the electrochemical behaviour of the antibiotic, as well as a brief overview of the application of recognition elements to detect antibiotics. Finally, the trend and the current challenges of electrochemical sensors based on CNMs in the detection of antibiotics is outlined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices for Early Career Investigator)

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