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Nanomaterials
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Self-Assembly, Synthetic and Biomimetic Nanostructures
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Self-Assembly, Synthetic and Biomimetic Nanostructures

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 January 2022) | Viewed by 19177

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Angelina Angelova

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Guest Editor
CNRS UMR 8612 "Institut Galien Paris-Saclay", Paris-Saclay University, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry, France
Interests: lipid/protein nanoassemblies; liquid crystalline phases; cubosomes; self-assembled nanostructures and nanoparticles with neuroprotective properties; protein- and peptide-based nanomedicines; nanocarriers for macromolecular drug delivery; membrane receptor nanoscale organization; lipids; peptides; BDNF; cyclodextrin; soft nanomaterials; nanocrystallization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioinspired nanostructures comprising innovative one- , two-, or three-dimensional topologies are suitable for the design of advanced biomaterials and novel applications in nanomedicine, pharmaceutics, and diagnostics. Among them, liquid crystalline nanostructures enable the generation of cubosomes, hexosomes, nanosponges, and other nanoporous and multifaceted architectures with a high surface-to-volume ratio. The methods for their fabrication and structural investigations present strong current interest. Various classes of synthetic chemical compounds and natural biomolecules (lipids, peptides, proteins, DNA, RNA, polysaccharides) can be exploited towards that purpose. The structural integrity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and interactions with cells or biological barriers are questions which need to be addressed in the strategies for the engineering of multifunctional architectures and carriers for therapeutics, regenerative medicine, and membrane-based biosensors.

This Special Issue focuses on new concepts enabling the fabrication of biomimetic nanostructures and multiphase supramolecular assemblies and their structural characterization by high-resolution structural methods. Reports on the capacity of such nanostructures to enhance the bioavailability of encapsulated drugs (small-molecule compounds or therapeutic proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids) will be of special interest.

Dr. Angelina Angelova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioinspired self-assembly
  • biomimetic nanostructures
  • biomimetic hybrid membranes
  • biomimetic interfaces for enzyme immobilization
  • biomimetic nanocrystals
  • biomimetic nanovesicles
  • biomimetic nanotubes
  • biomimetic nanopores
  • biomimetic sensors

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 6305 KiB  
Article
Inverse ISAsomes in Bio-Compatible Oils—Exploring Formulations in Squalane, Triolein and Olive Oil
by Florian Trummer, Otto Glatter and Angela Chemelli
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071133 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2787
Abstract
In contrast to their more common counterparts in aqueous solutions, inverse ISAsomes (internally self-assembled somes/particles) are formulated as kinetically stabilised dispersions of hydrophilic, lyotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) phases in non-polar oils. This contribution reports on their formation in bio-compatible oils. We found that it [...] Read more.
In contrast to their more common counterparts in aqueous solutions, inverse ISAsomes (internally self-assembled somes/particles) are formulated as kinetically stabilised dispersions of hydrophilic, lyotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) phases in non-polar oils. This contribution reports on their formation in bio-compatible oils. We found that it is possible to create inverse hexosomes, inverse micellar cubosomes (Fd3m) and an inverse emulsified microemulsion (EME) in excess squalane with a polyethylene glycol alkyl ether as the primary surfactant forming the LC phase and to stabilise them with hydrophobised silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, an emulsified L1-phase and inverse hexosomes were formed in excess triolein with the triblock-copolymer Pluronic® P94 as the primary surfactant. Stabilisation was achieved with a molecular stabiliser of type polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dipolyhydroxystearate. For the inverse hexosomes in triolein, the possibility of a formulation without any additional stabiliser was explored. It was found that a sufficiently strong stabilisation effect was created by the primary surfactant alone. Finally, triolein was replaced with olive oil which also led to the successful formation of inverse hexosomes. As far as we know, there exists no previous contribution about inverse ISAsomes in complex oils such as triolein or plant oils, and the existence of stabiliser-free (i.e., self-stabilising) inverse hexosomes has also not been reported until now. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Assembly, Synthetic and Biomimetic Nanostructures)
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36 pages, 9606 KiB  
Article
An Innovative Formulation Based on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Imatinib Delivery: Pre-Formulation, Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity Studies
by Evren Gundogdu, Emine-Selin Demir, Meliha Ekinci, Emre Ozgenc, Derya Ilem-Ozdemir, Zeynep Senyigit, Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez and Marival Bermejo
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(2), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12020250 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2597
Abstract
Imatinib (IMT) is a tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitor and extensively used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). A nanostructured lipid carrier system (NLCS) containing IMT was developed by using emulsification–sonication methods. The characterization of the developed formulation was performed in terms [...] Read more.
Imatinib (IMT) is a tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitor and extensively used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). A nanostructured lipid carrier system (NLCS) containing IMT was developed by using emulsification–sonication methods. The characterization of the developed formulation was performed in terms of its particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, sterility, syringeability, stability, in vitro release kinetics with mathematical models, cellular uptake studies with flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity for CRL-1739 cells. The particle size, PDI, loading capacity and zeta potential of selected NLCS (F16-IMT) were found to be 96.63 ± 1.87 nm, 0.27 ± 0.15, 96.49 ± 1.46% and −32.7 ± 2.48 mV, respectively. F16-IMT was found to be stable, thermodynamic, sterile and syringeable through an 18 gauze needle. The formulation revealed a Korsmeyer–Peppas drug release model of 53% at 8 h, above 90% of cell viability, 23.61 µM of IC50 and induction of apoptosis in CRL-1739 cell lines. In the future, F16-IMT can be employed to treat GISTs. A small amount of IMT loaded into the NLCSs will be better than IMT alone for therapy for GISTs. Consequently, F16-IMT could prove to be useful for effective GIST treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Assembly, Synthetic and Biomimetic Nanostructures)
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21 pages, 4666 KiB  
Article
Development of Piperine-Loaded Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Optimization, In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo, and In-Vivo Evaluation
by Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Syed Sarim Imam, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Mohammed H. Elkomy, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Sultan Alshehri, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelhaleem Ali, Khalid Saad Alharbi, Mohd Yasir, Kaveripakkam M. Noorulla, Sami I. Alzarea and Abdullah S. Alanazi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2920; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112920 - 31 Oct 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3589
Abstract
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that needs long-term medication. Oral delivery is the most common route for the administration of drugs. The present research is to develop piperine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (PE-SNEDDS) using glyceryl monolinoleate (GML), poloxamer 188, and transcutol HP as [...] Read more.
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that needs long-term medication. Oral delivery is the most common route for the administration of drugs. The present research is to develop piperine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (PE-SNEDDS) using glyceryl monolinoleate (GML), poloxamer 188, and transcutol HP as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The formulation was optimized by three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. PE-SNEDDs were characterized for globule size, emulsification time, stability, in-vitro release, and ex-vivo intestinal permeation study. The optimized PE-SNEDDS (OF3) showed the globule size of 70.34 ± 3.27 nm, percentage transmittance of 99.02 ± 2.02%, and emulsification time of 53 ± 2 s Finally, the formulation OF3 was transformed into solid PE-SNEDDS (S-PE-SNEDDS) using avicel PH-101 as adsorbent. The reconstituted SOF3 showed a globule size of 73.56 ± 3.54 nm, PDI of 0.35 ± 0.03, and zeta potential of −28.12 ± 2.54 mV. SEM image exhibited the PE-SNEDDS completely adsorbed on avicel. Thermal analysis showed the drug was solubilized in oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. S-PE-SNEDDS formulation showed a more significant (p < 0.05) release (97.87 ± 4.89% in 1 h) than pure PE (27.87 ± 2.65% in 1 h). It also exhibited better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and antioxidant activity as compared to PE dispersion. The in vivo activity in rats exhibited better (p < 0.05) antihypertensive activity as well as 4.92-fold higher relative bioavailability than pure PE dispersion. Finally, from the results it can be concluded that S-PE-SNEDDS might be a better approach for the oral delivery to improve the absorption and therapeutic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Assembly, Synthetic and Biomimetic Nanostructures)
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Review

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27 pages, 10507 KiB  
Review
Self-Assembled Nanoscale Materials for Neuronal Regeneration: A Focus on BDNF Protein and Nucleic Acid Biotherapeutic Delivery
by Yu Wu, Miora Rakotoarisoa, Borislav Angelov, Yuru Deng and Angelina Angelova
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(13), 2267; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132267 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3988
Abstract
Enabling challenging applications of nanomedicine and precision medicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders requires deeper investigations of nanocarrier-mediated biomolecular delivery for neuronal targeting and recovery. The successful use of macromolecular biotherapeutics (recombinant growth factors, antibodies, enzymes, synthetic peptides, cell-penetrating peptide–drug conjugates, and [...] Read more.
Enabling challenging applications of nanomedicine and precision medicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders requires deeper investigations of nanocarrier-mediated biomolecular delivery for neuronal targeting and recovery. The successful use of macromolecular biotherapeutics (recombinant growth factors, antibodies, enzymes, synthetic peptides, cell-penetrating peptide–drug conjugates, and RNAi sequences) in clinical developments for neuronal regeneration should benefit from the recent strategies for enhancement of their bioavailability. We highlight the advances in the development of nanoscale materials for drug delivery in neurodegenerative disorders. The emphasis is placed on nanoformulations for the delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using different types of lipidic nanocarriers (liposomes, liquid crystalline or solid lipid nanoparticles) and polymer-based scaffolds, nanofibers and hydrogels. Self-assembled soft-matter nanoscale materials show favorable neuroprotective characteristics, safety, and efficacy profiles in drug delivery to the central and peripheral nervous systems. The advances summarized here indicate that neuroprotective biomolecule-loaded nanoparticles and injectable hydrogels can improve neuronal survival and reduce tissue injury. Certain recently reported neuronal dysfunctions in long-COVID-19 survivors represent early manifestations of neurodegenerative pathologies. Therefore, BDNF delivery systems may also help in prospective studies on recovery from long-term COVID-19 neurological complications and be considered as promising systems for personalized treatment of neuronal dysfunctions and prevention or retarding of neurodegenerative disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Assembly, Synthetic and Biomimetic Nanostructures)
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26 pages, 2113 KiB  
Review
A Versatile Nanocarrier—Cubosomes, Characterization, and Applications
by Cristiana Oliveira, Celso J. O. Ferreira, Miguel Sousa, Juan L. Paris, Ricardo Gaspar, Bruno F. B. Silva, José A. Teixeira, Pedro Ferreira-Santos and Claudia M. Botelho
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(13), 2224; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132224 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4700
Abstract
The impact of nanotechnology on the exponential growth of several research areas, particularly nanomedicine, is undeniable. The ability to deliver active molecules to the desired site could significantly improve the efficiency of medical treatments. One of the nanocarriers developed which has drawn researchers’ [...] Read more.
The impact of nanotechnology on the exponential growth of several research areas, particularly nanomedicine, is undeniable. The ability to deliver active molecules to the desired site could significantly improve the efficiency of medical treatments. One of the nanocarriers developed which has drawn researchers’ attention are cubosomes, which are nanosized dispersions of lipid bicontinuous cubic phases in water, consisting of a lipidic interior and aqueous domains folded in a cubic lattice. They stand out due to their ability to incorporate hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic compounds, their tortuous internal configuration that provides a sustained release, and the capacity to protect and safely deliver molecules. Several approaches can be taken to prepare this structure, as well as different lipids like monoolein or phytantriol. This review paper describes the different methods to prepare nanocarriers. As it is known, the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers are very important, as they influence their pharmacokinetics and their ability to incorporate and deliver active molecules. Therefore, an extensive characterization is essential to obtain the desired effect. As a result, we have extensively described the most common techniques to characterize cubosomes, particularly nanocarriers. The exceptional properties of the cubosomes make them suitable to be used in several applications in the biomedical field, from cancer therapeutics to imaging, which will be described. Taking in consideration the outstanding properties of cubosomes, their application in several research fields is envisaged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Assembly, Synthetic and Biomimetic Nanostructures)
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