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Nutrients
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Nutrition Management in Neonatal Health
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Nutrition Management in Neonatal Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 917

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Silvia Salvatore

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Guest Editor
Pediatric Unit, Hospital “F. Del Ponte”, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, I-21100 Varese, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; gastroenterology; immunology; food allergy; probiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy
Interests: preterm newborns; nutrition; microbiota; neonatal gastroenterology; gastroesophageal reflux
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Lorella Gianni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
Interests: nutrition; neonatal care; microbiota; probiotics; preterm infants; human milk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Massimo Agosti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal and Pediatric Unit, Hospital “F. Del Ponte”, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
Interests: neonates; neonatal care; preterm infants; nutrition; food allergy; microbiota; human milk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neonatal period and early life events are increasingly emerging as major determinants of human health. The first one thousand days of life have a pivotal influence on brain development, behaviour, mood, and vascular, metabolic, allergic, autoimmune, inflammatory and gastrointestinal disorders. The interaction between genes, nutrition, the environment, microbiota, exposure to stress, different substances and drugs, the occurrence of infections and traumatic events may have a great impact on an individual’s predisposition to diseases. A number of interventions and preventive strategies have recently been explored and current research is focusing on personalised and precision medicine starting from early ages. This Special Issue aims to collect the most recent evidence, original studies and new developments in medicine for this vulnerable and crucial period of life, focusing particularly on the role of nutrition in this period.

Dr. Silvia Salvatore
Dr. Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre
Dr. Maria Lorella Gianni
Prof. Dr. Massimo Agosti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • early life
  • the first 1000 days
  • neonatal nutrition
  • microbiota
  • genes
  • precison nutrition and medicine

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Hour of Life at Enteral Feeding Initiation and Associated Clinical Morbidity in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants
by Melissa Thoene, Lauren Ridgway, Elizabeth Lyden and Ann Anderson-Berry
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4041; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234041 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 86
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Identifying nutritional interventions in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants (<1000 g) that are associated with favorable clinical outcomes is important. Delayed enteral feeding initiation (>3 days) has been associated with increased odds of developing morbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Identifying nutritional interventions in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants (<1000 g) that are associated with favorable clinical outcomes is important. Delayed enteral feeding initiation (>3 days) has been associated with increased odds of developing morbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hour of life at enteral feeding initiation and associated clinical outcomes. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective chart review evaluated ELBW infants. Birth acuity was evaluated using CRIB II scoring and incidence of various morbidities (bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP)) and mortality was assessed after adjustment. p < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: A total of 27/61 (44.3%) initiated enteral feeding <12 h of life. CRIB II scores were lower in infants with earlier enteral feeding initiation. There were no statistical differences in NEC, SIP, or death between categories of hour of life at enteral feeding initiation. After adjusting for CRIB II scores, enteral feeding initiation ≥12 h of life was associated with more days receiving oxygen >21% inspired air (β = 32.7; p = 0.040), approximately 7-fold higher odds of developing moderate/severe BPD (95% CI 1.2.8–38.28; p = 0.025), and 9-fold higher odds of being discharged home while receiving oxygen therapy (95% CI 1.03–79.81; p = 0.047). Conclusions: Timing of enteral feeding initiation may be delayed in ELBW infants with higher clinical acuity, yet later initiation by hour of life is associated with worsened clinical respiratory outcomes. Early initiation within the first 12 h of life is feasible and was not associated with gastrointestinal morbidity in this single-center cohort of ELBW infants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Management in Neonatal Health)

Review

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18 pages, 992 KiB  
Review
“OMICS” in Human Milk: Focus on Biological Effects on Bone Homeostasis
by Ilaria Farella, Gabriele D’Amato, Andrea Orellana-Manzano, Yaritza Segura, Rossella Vitale, Maria Lisa Clodoveo, Filomena Corbo and Maria Felicia Faienza
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3921; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223921 - 17 Nov 2024
Viewed by 697
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds essential for infant health. Recent advances in omics technologies—such as proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics—have shed light on the influence of HM on bone development and health. This review discusses the [...] Read more.
Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds essential for infant health. Recent advances in omics technologies—such as proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics—have shed light on the influence of HM on bone development and health. This review discusses the impact of various HM components, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and hormones, on bone metabolism and skeletal growth. Proteins like casein and whey promote calcium absorption and osteoblast differentiation, supporting bone mineralization. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contribute to bone health by modulating inflammatory pathways and regulating osteoclast activity. Additionally, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as prebiotics, improving gut health and calcium bioavailability while influencing bone mineralization. Hormones present in HM, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leptin, and adiponectin, have been linked to infant growth, body composition, and bone density. Research has shown that higher IGF-1 levels in breast milk are associated with increased weight gain, while leptin and adiponectin influence fat mass and bone metabolism. Emerging studies have also highlighted the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating key processes like adipogenesis and bone homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiome-focused techniques reveal HM’s role in establishing a balanced infant gut microbiota, indirectly influencing bone development by enhancing nutrient absorption. Although current findings are promising, comprehensive longitudinal studies integrating omics approaches are needed to fully understand the intricate relationships among maternal diet, HM composition, and infant bone health. Bridging these gaps could offer novel dietary strategies to optimize skeletal health during infancy, advancing early-life nutrition science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Management in Neonatal Health)
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