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Dietary Patterns and Cancer: Risks and Survival Outcomes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 495

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
Interests: chronic diseases epidemiology; nutritional factors and incidence and prognosis of breast and colorectal cancer; cancer epidemiology; maternal and child nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Dietary Patterns and Cancer: Risks and Survival Outcomes”, will examine how overall eating habits and food choices influence the likelihood of developing cancer. While past research often focused on individual nutrients, recent studies have emphasized the importance of examining broader dietary patterns to more accurately reflect how people eat in everyday life. Investigating the connection between dietary patterns and cancer is crucial in understanding how combinations of foods can influence cancer risk and progression. As opposed to analyzing single nutrients, assessing dietary patterns can provide a comprehensive view of how different foods work together to either lower or increase cancer risk. For example, the Mediterranean diet, which includes a high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been linked to reduced risk for various cancers.

On the other hand, the Western diet, high in red and processed meats, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats, is associated with higher risk, particularly for colorectal cancer. Focusing on entire dietary patterns rather than isolated nutrients allows us to gain practical insights to inform cancer prevention and public health strategies. This approach highlights the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to reduce cancer risk.

Prof. Dr. Caixia Zhang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dietary patterns
  • cancer risk
  • nutrition and cancer
  • diet and cancer prevention
  • oxidative balance score and cancer
  • dietary inflammatory index and cancer
  • plant-based diet and cancer
  • Western diet and cancer
  • Mediterranean diet and cancer

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2051 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the Dietary Inflammatory Index, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Smoking Status on the Incidence and Survival of Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Case–Control Study and a Prospective Study
by Ga Hyun Lee, Yeon Hee Kim, Sang Myung Woo, Woo Jin Lee, Sung-Sik Han, Sang-Jae Park, Sherry Price, Penias Tembo, James R. Hébert and Mi Kyung Kim
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3941; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223941 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 405
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC), a highly malignant cancer with a poor diagnosis, may be influenced by diet-related inflammation. This study examined the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and the incidence and prognosis of PC in Korea. Methods: A total of 55 [...] Read more.
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC), a highly malignant cancer with a poor diagnosis, may be influenced by diet-related inflammation. This study examined the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and the incidence and prognosis of PC in Korea. Methods: A total of 55 patients with PC were matched with 280 healthy controls (HCs) by age and sex. We also analyzed the combined effects of DII scores and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels or smoking status on the risk of PC and performed a survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards method. Results: The DII scores were higher in the patients with PC than those in HCs (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36, confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–9.73, p = 0.03), and the effect was larger in women (OR = 6.13, CI = 1.11–33.82, p = 0.04). A high DII score was jointly associated with FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL in raising PC risk [OR = 32.5, relative excess risk due to interaction/synergy (RERI/S) index = 24.2/4.34, p-interaction = 0.04], indicating a multiplicative interaction. A high DII score combined with ex/current smoker status increased PC risk through an additive interaction (RERI/S = 1.01/1.54, p-interaction = 0.76). However, DII scores did not influence disease-free survival. Conclusions: The consumption of an anti-inflammatory diet, coupled with maintaining normal FBG levels and abstaining from smoking, may help reduce the risk of PC by mitigating pancreatic inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Cancer: Risks and Survival Outcomes)
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