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Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2025 | Viewed by 1507

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Interests: mediterranean diet; cardiovascular health; metabolic syndrome; cancer; diabetes; neurodegeneration; cognitive health; mental health; clinical research; epidemiology; clinical trials; implementation; healthy-aging cognitive health; planetary health; extra virgin olive oil; sustainability

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Guest Editor
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
Interests: epidemiology; public health; cancer; neurodegenerative diseases; Mediterranean diet; early life exposures; chronic disease preventiones; Chronic disease prevention

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has long been recognized as one of the healthiest nutritional paradigms, standing the test of time thanks to its profound impact on human health. In an era focused on promoting healthy living and aging, it is essential to refocus on the MD to reinforce nutritional practices that yield significant health benefits. Over the past few decades, substantial scientific evidence has highlighted the MD's role in preventing and managing chronic diseases, often referred to as the neglected epidemic. Its effects are particularly evident in cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, as well as in cancer, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive/neurological conditions. By mitigating these chronic diseases, directly or indirectly, through its nutrient-rich, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, the MD continues to stand out as a model for health promotion and disease prevention. This Special Edition aims to explore the latest research on the Mediterranean diet, its epidemiological aspects, and its mechanisms of action, offering insights into how this traditional dietary pattern can continue to serve as a cornerstone of public health strategies targeting chronic disease prevention and management.

Dr. Tassos C. Kyriakides
Dr. Christiana A. Demetriou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Mediterranean diet
  • cardiovascular health
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cancer
  • diabetes
  • neurodegeneration
  • cognitive health
  • mental health
  • clinical research
  • epidemiology
  • clinical trials
  • implementation
  • healthy aging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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15 pages, 1830 KiB  
Systematic Review
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case–Control Studies
by Nader Zalaquett, Irene Lidoriki, Maria Lampou, Jad Saab, Kishor Hadkhale, Costas Christophi and Stefanos N. Kales
Nutrients 2025, 17(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020287 - 14 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with rising incidence rates and significant mortality. While tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and viral infections are established risk factors, the role of dietary patterns, particularly adherence to the Mediterranean diet [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with rising incidence rates and significant mortality. While tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and viral infections are established risk factors, the role of dietary patterns, particularly adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), in HNC prevention has gained increasing attention. The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the association between adherence to the MD and the risk of HNC. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted, following PRISMA guidelines, to identify relevant studies published up to January 2024 that assessed the association between MD adherence and HNC risk in adults. Pooled odds ratios (OR) for a three-unit increase in MD adherence scores and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Eleven case–control studies comprising 6106 HNC cases and 9166 controls met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. High adherence to the MD was significantly associated with a reduced risk of HNC (pooled OR = 0.561, 95% CI: 0.368–0.856, p = 0.007, I2 = 92%). Individual component analyses from three studies revealed that higher fruit and vegetable consumption significantly decreased HNC risk, whereas legumes, fish, and low meat intake showed no statistically significant associations. Conclusions: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a significantly reduced risk of head and neck cancer. These findings support the role of the MD in cancer prevention and highlight the potential benefits of MD adherence in reducing HNC risk. Further prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Diseases)
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