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Exercise and Nutrition Enhancement of Health
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Exercise and Nutrition Enhancement of Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2024) | Viewed by 9128

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Domingo J. Ramos-Campo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: nutrition; training; endurance; hypoxia; health; strength training
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In an era in which the human life expectancy has witnessed a substantial increase, the lack of a corresponding surge in healthy aging has emerged as a pivotal concern. The prevalence of an extended yet unhealthy lifespan represents one of the most critical challenges of the 21st century. However, emerging research indicates that by arresting the progression of aging-related ailments, it may be plausible to attenuate the phase of decline typically associated with the latter years of life, thereby prolonging the span of robust and vigorous living.

This shift underscores the urgent need to explore interventions that can foster healthier aging trajectories. Recent research has shed light on the profound impact of nutrition and active lifestyles, especially emphasizing the pivotal roles of diet, exercise, and physical activity. Several studies have highlighted the preventive and supportive effects of these lifestyle interventions, particularly in the context of chronic pathologies rooted in inflammation. Moreover, these lifestyle modifications have been associated with heightened autonomy and an improved quality of life, effectively mitigating the adversities of aging.

With a resolute focus on the intersection of nutrition and physical activity, this Special Issue of Nutrients seeks to provide a comprehensive platform for the presentation and discussion of contemporary scientific evidence elucidating the interplay between these two critical factors and their impact on healthy aging. We aim to explore the intricate relationship between dietary choices, exercise regimens, and their potential to foster a prolonged period of physical and mental well-being. Additionally, we encourage submissions that delve into the mechanisms underlying the preventive and therapeutic roles of nutrition and physical activity in age-related chronic degenerative conditions, as well as their influence on severe forms of viral and autoimmune diseases.

It is our fervent belief that this collective exploration will pave the way for the development of tailored interventions, promoting a sustained state of wellness and vigor throughout the lifespan. We invite you to contribute your valuable insights and research findings to this imperative discourse.

Dr. Domingo J. Ramos-Campo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • nutrition
  • diet
  • anti-inflammatory
  • resistance training
  • cardiovascular training
  • nutraceuticals
  • longevity
  • lifespan
  • disease prevention

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 1765 KiB  
Article
Healthy Lifestyle Changes Improve Cortisol Levels and Liver Steatosis in MASLD Patients: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
by Claudia Beatrice Bagnato, Antonella Bianco, Caterina Bonfiglio, Isabella Franco, Nicola Verrelli, Nicola Carella, Endrit Shahini, Marianna Zappimbulso, Vito Giannuzzi, Pasqua Letizia Pesole, Anna Ancona and Gianluigi Giannelli
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4225; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234225 - 6 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1111
Abstract
Background: Steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (MASLD) affects up to about 30% of the general adult population and is closely related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Cortisol, a stress-related hormone contributing to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance, also promotes [...] Read more.
Background: Steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (MASLD) affects up to about 30% of the general adult population and is closely related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Cortisol, a stress-related hormone contributing to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance, also promotes progression of the disease. The study aims to investigate the impact of lifestyle modifications on cortisol levels and hepatic steatosis in patients with MASLD. Methods: In a 16-week three-arm randomized trial, 42 patients were randomly assigned to three groups who received dietary advice (CG), dietary advice combined with aerobic exercise (AE + DA), or dietary advice with high-intensity interval training (HIIT + DA). Before the start, after 2 months of intervention, and at the end of the project, medical evaluations, routine biochemical assessments, and psychological questionnaires were analyzed. At baseline and at the end of 4 months, hepatic steatosis was evaluated by Fibroscan®. Results: In the study population, severe hepatic steatosis (74%) and obesity (98%) were prevalent at the beginning of the study. A statistically significant (p-value = 0.001) reduction in circulating cortisol levels was observed over time in the two groups doing exercise, especially in HIIT + DA (p-value = 0.006). Hepatic steatosis, assessed by Fibroscan®, disappeared in 10 participants (CAP value < 248, p-value = 0.003). CAP values and waist circumference decreased in all groups, statistically significantly in the AE + DA group (p-value = 0.005; p-value = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: The study emphasizes the benefits of combining diet and exercise in managing MASLD. HIIT + DA significantly decreased cortisol levels, while AE + DA was the most potent intervention for reducing hepatic steatosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition Enhancement of Health)
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11 pages, 1114 KiB  
Article
Impact of Mediterranean Diet Pattern Adherence on the Physical Component of Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older Active Adults
by Javier Conde-Pipó, Antonio Martinez-Amat, Agustín Mora-Fernández and Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3877; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223877 - 13 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1377
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) has numerous health benefits, particularly in preventing chronic diseases and improving well-being. Given the ageing population, understanding its impact on older adults’ physical health is essential. This study examines how adherence to the MedDiet influences the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) has numerous health benefits, particularly in preventing chronic diseases and improving well-being. Given the ageing population, understanding its impact on older adults’ physical health is essential. This study examines how adherence to the MedDiet influences the physical component (Comp-p) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across various age groups, providing insights for tailored dietary interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with active adults aged 41–80, categorised into four age groups (41–50, n = 116; 51–60, n = 225; 61–70, n = 135; 71–80, n = 44). Data were collected using the SF-36 and MEDAS questionnaires. Com-p scores were analysed based on MedDiet adherence (poor or good) and age. Results: In the 71–80 age group, a significant correlation was found between Comp-P and MedDiet adherence (r = 0.367, p = 0.014), with significantly higher Com-P scores in the good adherence group (50.10 ± 7.39) compared to the poor group (44.46 ± 7.73; p = 0.015; d = 0.74). The loss of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in this age group was attributed to low consumption of vegetables (36.36%), tree nuts (47.73%), legumes (50.00%), fish (52.27%), and fruit (56.82%). Conclusions: In individuals aged 71–80, lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a decline in self-perceived physical health, attributed to the reduced intake of fresh vegetables, legumes, fish, and fruit. These findings emphasise the importance of promoting Mediterranean dietary adherence in later life to maintain optimal physical well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition Enhancement of Health)
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10 pages, 228 KiB  
Article
Physical Activity and Eating Habits of Polish Navy Soldiers and Border Guard Officers—A Comparative Analysis
by Andrzej Tomczak, Anna Anyżewska, Tomasz Lepionka, Izabela Bolczyk, Tomasz Grudniewski, Iwona Gładysz, Artur Kruszewski and Jerzy Bertrandt
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3842; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223842 - 9 Nov 2024
Viewed by 920
Abstract
Background: Physical fitness and a healthy body mass are important predictors of a good performance of military tasks. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity level and nutrition, in terms of the frequency of consumption of individual food groups, [...] Read more.
Background: Physical fitness and a healthy body mass are important predictors of a good performance of military tasks. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity level and nutrition, in terms of the frequency of consumption of individual food groups, of Polish Navy soldiers and Maritime Unit of the Border Guard officers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 131 Polish Navy soldiers aged 33.1 ± 6.3 years old and 132 Maritime Unit of the Border Guard officers aged 38.6 ± 5.5 years old. In order to carry out research on physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Eating habits were assessed based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire for 61 groups of food products. Results: Over 80% of the soldiers and officers studied indicated high levels of physical activity. Only 8.2% of soldiers and 4.3% of officers indicated a low level of physical activity. Of the 61 food product groups analyzed, significant differences were found in the frequency of consumption of 17 products. These differences concerned almost all groups (except dairy products and eggs). Conclusions: To summarize, soldiers and officers presented high and moderate levels of physical activity. Taking into account the demonstrated frequent consumption of high-energy and high-fat products, such as sausages and red meat, as well as margarine, mayonnaise, and sugar, with the low frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in both studied groups, it is advisable to conduct training among soldiers and officers in the field of health education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition Enhancement of Health)
13 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
The Association of Body Image Perceptions with Behavioral and Health Outcomes among Young Adults
by Jorge Jiménez-Morcillo, Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo, Stephanie Rodríguez-Besteiro and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091281 - 25 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4803
Abstract
This study was conducted on 5 March 2024, by the Universidad Europea de Madrid. This study aims to explore how body image perceptions influence health behaviors and mental and physical health outcomes among a specific group of 605 young adults aged 20 to [...] Read more.
This study was conducted on 5 March 2024, by the Universidad Europea de Madrid. This study aims to explore how body image perceptions influence health behaviors and mental and physical health outcomes among a specific group of 605 young adults aged 20 to 35 engaged in strength training regimes. To measure these perceptions, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was employed, an advanced tool that assesses multiple dimensions of body image through its subscales, including feelings of physical attractiveness, investment in one’s appearance, and satisfaction with different body areas. Participants were segmented into two groups based on a median split of their self-reported body image. The survey assessed a diverse array of variables, including demographic details, physiological data, resistance training routines, and psychological attributes. In this revision, we consistently use the term ‘dietary habits’ to ensure clear and uniform language when discussing eating patterns. Notable differences were observed in dietary habits and exercise engagement, influenced significantly by body image perceptions. Negative body image was linked to less healthy dietary habits, diminished physical activity, and worse psychological outcomes, such as increased anxiety and depression. Conversely, a positive body image was associated with healthier dietary habits, more frequent physical activity, and better psychological health. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving body image could be crucial for enhancing overall health within this specific demographic. Due to the non-representative nature of the study group, conclusions are cautiously presented as applicable only to similar populations engaged in strength training. This study underscores the need for holistic strategies that encourage positive body image to improve both physical and psychological health outcomes in young adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition Enhancement of Health)
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