Nutrients

Research

18 pages, 2416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Obesity Effects of a Collagen with Low Digestibility and High Swelling Capacity: A Human Randomized Control Trial

by Miguel López-Yoldi, José I. Riezu-Boj, Itziar Abete, Idoia Ibero-Baraibar, Paula Aranaz, Itxaso González-Salazar, Jesús M. Izco, José I. Recalde, Carlos J. González-Navarro, Fermín I. Milagro and María A. Zulet

Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3550; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203550 - 19 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1432

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Collagen is a protein formed by very long amino acid chains. When conveniently treated, it can incorporate water into the net, thus increasing its volume and mass. The present work aimed to evaluate the potential anti-obesity effects of bovine collagen that has [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Collagen is a protein formed by very long amino acid chains. When conveniently treated, it can incorporate water into the net, thus increasing its volume and mass. The present work aimed to evaluate the potential anti-obesity effects of bovine collagen that has been technologically treated to increase its water retention capacity in an acid pH medium, with the objective of inducing satiation. Methods: Collagen’s digestibility was tested with a pepsin digestion test. Its swelling capacity was tested in an acid pH medium simulating gastric conditions. Postprandial levels of ghrelin in response to collagen supplementation were tested in rats. In a randomized control trial, 64 subjects with overweight/obesity were allocated in two groups: supplemented daily with two protein bars enriched with collagen (20 g per day) for 12 weeks, or control group. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed in all the participants. Results: This collagen showed a low digestibility (<60%) and high swelling capacity (>1900%) in vitro. In humans with overweight and obesity, this collagen significantly reduced body weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and fatty liver index (FLI) and increased fat-free mass when compared with the control group. A significant reduction in the sarcopenic index; total, troncular, and visceral fat (measured by DEXA); and serum leptin levels were observed in the collagen group at the end of the intervention, with no differences with respect to controls. Collagen reduced the sensation of hunger and increased fullness and satisfaction. In male Wistar rats, collagen decreased postprandial blood ghrelin levels. Conclusions: Collagen supplementation (20 g per day for 12 weeks) reduced body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, FLI, and SBP in humans with overweight and obesity, which might be related to the increased sensation of fullness and satisfaction reported by the volunteers after the intake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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24 pages, 6975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Comparative Study

by Maria Gabriela F. R. Silva, Ana Carolina Luchiari, Isaiane Medeiros, Augusto M. de Souza, Alexandre C. Serquiz, Fabiane F. Martins, Sérgio A. B. de Moura, Christina S. Camillo, Silvia Regina B. de Medeiros, Tatiana dos S. Pais, Thaís S. Passos, Denise M. L. Galeno and Ana Heloneida de A. Morais

Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3398; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193398 - 7 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1187

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare diet-induced obesity (DIO) models in zebrafish and investigate the complications and differences between sexes in biochemical and inflammatory parameters. Methods: Adult animals of both sexes were divided into four groups (n = 50) and fed for [...] Read more.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare diet-induced obesity (DIO) models in zebrafish and investigate the complications and differences between sexes in biochemical and inflammatory parameters. Methods: Adult animals of both sexes were divided into four groups (n = 50) and fed for eight weeks: control group 1: Artemia sp. (15–30 mg/day/fish); control group 2: commercial fish food (3.5% of average weight); obesity group 1: pasteurized egg yolk powder + soybean oil (5% of average weight); obesity group 2: Artemia sp. (60–120 mg/day/fish). Dietary intake, caloric intake and efficiency, body mass index, biochemical, inflammatory, behavioral, histopathological, and stereological parameters, and inflammation-related gene expression were investigated. Results: Obesity group 1 was the most indicated to investigate changes in the anxious behavioral profile (p < 0.05), triglyceride elevation [52.67 (1.2) mg/dL], adipocyte hypertrophy [67.8 (18.1) µm²; p = 0.0004], and intestinal inflammation. Obesity group 2 was interesting to investigate in terms of weight gain [167 mg; p < 0.0001), changes in fasting glucose [48.33 (4.14) mg/dL; p = 0.003), and inflammatory parameters [IL-6: 4.24 (0.18) pg/mL; p = 0.0015]. Conclusions: Furthermore, both DIO models evaluated in the present study were effective in investigating hepatic steatosis. The data also highlighted that sex influences inflammatory changes and fasting blood glucose levels, which were higher in males (p > 0.05). The results show new metabolic routes to be explored in relation to DIO in zebrafish. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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16 pages, 1894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Capsinoids Increase Antioxidative Enzyme Activity and Prevent Obesity-Induced Cardiac Injury without Positively Modulating Body Fat Accumulation and Cardiac Oxidative Biomarkers

by Késsia Cristina Carvalho Santos, Lucas Furtado Domingos, Fabiane Merigueti Nunes, Luisa Martins Simmer, Evellyn Rodrigues Cordeiro, Filipe Martinuzo Filetti, Danilo Sales Bocalini, Camila Renata Corrêa, Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo and André Soares Leopoldo

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3183; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183183 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 843

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Capsinoids are potential antioxidant agents capable of reducing oxidative damage and the resulting complications triggered by obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of capsinoids on adiposity and biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats induced by a high-fat [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Capsinoids are potential antioxidant agents capable of reducing oxidative damage and the resulting complications triggered by obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of capsinoids on adiposity and biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to a high-fat diet for 27 consecutive weeks. After the characterization of obesity (week 19), some of the obese animals began to receive capsinoids (10 mg/kg/day) by orogastric gavage. Adiposity and comorbidities were assessed. In the heart, remodeling, injury, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined. Results: The treatment did not reduce obesity-induced adiposity but was efficient in reducing cholesterol levels. Capsinoid treatment did not cause a difference in heart and LV mass, despite having reduced troponin I concentrations. Furthermore, capsinoids did not reduce the increase in the advanced oxidation of protein products and carbonylated proteins caused by obesity in cardiac tissue. In addition, obese rats treated with capsinoids presented high levels of malondialdehyde and greater antioxidant enzyme activity compared to untreated obese rats. Conclusions: In conclusion, treatment with capsinoids increases antioxidative enzyme activity and prevents obesity-induced cardiac injury without positively modulating body fat accumulation and cardiac oxidative biomarkers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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13 pages, 714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy, Safety and Acceptability of a Very-Low-Energy Diet in Adolescents with Obesity: A Fast Track to Health Sub-Study

by Megan L. Gow, Hiba Jebeile, Eve T. House, Shirley Alexander, Louise A. Baur, Justin Brown, Clare E. Collins, Chris T. Cowell, Kaitlin Day, Sarah P. Garnett, Alicia Grunseit, Mary-Kate Inkster, Cathy Kwok, Sarah Lang, Susan J. Paxton, Helen Truby, Krista A. Varady and Natalie B. Lister

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3125; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183125 - 16 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1279

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a 4-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) program for adolescents with obesity. Adolescents (13–17 years) with obesity and ≥1 obesity-related complication were Fast Track to Health 52-week randomized controlled trial participants. [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a 4-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) program for adolescents with obesity. Adolescents (13–17 years) with obesity and ≥1 obesity-related complication were Fast Track to Health 52-week randomized controlled trial participants. Adolescents undertook a 4-week micronutrient-complete VLED (800 kcal/day), with weekly dietitian support. Anthropometric data were recorded at baseline and week-4 and side-effects at day 3–4, week-1, -2, -3 and -4. Adolescents completed an acceptability survey at week-4. A total of 134 adolescents (14.9 ± 1.2 years, 50% male) had a 5.5 ± 2.9 kg (p < 0.001) mean weight loss at week-4: 95% experienced ≥1 and 70% experienced ≥3 side-effects during the VLED program, especially during the first week. Hunger, fatigue, headache, irritability, loose stools, constipation and nausea were most common. Reporting more side-effects at day 3–4 correlated with greater weight loss at week-4 (r = −0.188, p = 0.03). Adolescents reported ‘losing weight’ (34%) and ‘prescriptive structure’ (28%) as the most positive aspects of VLED, while ‘restrictive nature’ (45%) and ‘meal replacement taste’ (20%) were least liked. A dietitian-monitored short-term VLED can be implemented safely and is acceptable for many adolescents seeking weight loss, despite frequent side-effects. Investigating predictors of acceptability and effectiveness could determine adolescents most suited to VLED programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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12 pages, 250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Short-Term Evaluation of the Eat and Exercise to Win Program for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

by Laura Nabors, Anne Bauer, Kara Ayers, Brandon Workman, Melinda Butsch Kovacic and Seung-Yeon Lee

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3124; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183124 - 16 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1079

Abstract

(1) Study Aim: Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face a multitude of chronic health risks related to obesity, including diabetes and heart disease. Day adult service programs offer unique opportunities for improving and monitoring the health of this vulnerable group. To [...] Read more.

(1) Study Aim: Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face a multitude of chronic health risks related to obesity, including diabetes and heart disease. Day adult service programs offer unique opportunities for improving and monitoring the health of this vulnerable group. To promote exercise and healthy eating habits among adults with IDD, the Eat and Exercise to Win Program (EE-2-Win) was offered weekly at two locations over 8–9 months. (2) Methods: Using daily logs, staff assessed outcomes of 26 program participants, including changes in knowledge, eating and exercise habits, and water consumption. Participants’ weights were measured, and their lunches were photographed at baseline and 3 months. (3) Results: While participants’ weights did not significantly differ at 3 months, assessing photographs indicated that participants’ lunches included more fruits and vegetables. Staff surveys indicated that participants had greater knowledge of MyPlate and were consuming more water at three months. Survey responses indicated that staff perceived the program to be valuable overall, and challenges in learning and assessment were reported given differences in the cognitive abilities of adults with IDD. Staff also suggested engaging home caregivers in the program, as they often make dietary decisions. (4) Conclusions: Overall, results confirmed that the EE-2-Win Program positively impacted healthy eating and exercise. Future work, however, with both staff and caregivers is needed to further optimize the program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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10 pages, 783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Size Measurements Grouped Independently of Common Clinical Measures of Metabolic Health: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

by Katie M. Ellison, Aseel El Zein, Chelsi Reynolds, Sarah E. Ehrlicher, Julianne G. Clina, Tsz-Kiu Chui, Kimberly A. Smith, James O. Hill, Holly R. Wyatt and R. Drew Sayer

Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2874; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172874 - 27 Aug 2024

Viewed by 887

Abstract

Background: Obesity is commonly aggregated with indices of metabolic health. Proponents of body positivity approaches question whether body size is a determinant of health and well-being. Our objective was to conduct an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine if body size measurements factor [...] Read more.

Background: Obesity is commonly aggregated with indices of metabolic health. Proponents of body positivity approaches question whether body size is a determinant of health and well-being. Our objective was to conduct an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine if body size measurements factor load with or independent of metabolic health measures. Methods: The EFA was conducted on n= 249 adults using baseline data from four weight loss trials (Sample 1: n = 40; Sample 2: n = 52; Sample 3: n = 53; Sample 4: n = 104). An EFA of nine items (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], HDL-cholesterol [HDL], LDL-cholesterol [LDL], total cholesterol [TC], body mass index [BMI], body fat percent BF%], and waist circumference [WC]) was conducted with oblique rotation. Results: Three factors were retained, which produced a model explaining 87.5% of the variance. Six items loaded strongly (>0.8) under three components and were selected for retention (Factor 1: LDL and TC; Factor 2: BMI and WC; Factor 3: SBP and DBP). Conclusion: Body size measures loaded separately from measures of metabolic health and metabolic health were further split into lipid- and blood pressure-focused factors. These results support weight-neutral interventions to improve overall health and well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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9 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional and Psychosocial Intervention to Improve the Self-Concept of Body Image and Increase the Self-Esteem of Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Quasi-Experimental Study

by Elvira González-Fernández, Raquel Xandri-Martínez, Magdalena Gómez-Díaz and Julia Navas-López

Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2708; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162708 - 14 Aug 2024

Viewed by 918

Abstract

Negative habits persist in contemporary society that can sometimes result in overweight or the deterioration of body image. This study aimed to assess the suitability of a nutritional and psychosocial intervention as part of an interdisciplinary approach to improve the perception of body [...] Read more.

Negative habits persist in contemporary society that can sometimes result in overweight or the deterioration of body image. This study aimed to assess the suitability of a nutritional and psychosocial intervention as part of an interdisciplinary approach to improve the perception of body image and increase the self-esteem of individuals who are overweight or obese. A total of 55 participants (25 men and 30 women) were included in this quasi-experimental intervention study. Measurements were taken as part of an ambulatory treatment to obtain values for weight, self-esteem, and body image perception using the Rosenberg scale and the Body Self-Esteem scale. At the end of the intervention and after one year, the weight reductions reached an average of 13.4 kg, positive self-image perception improved from a mean of 88.73 at pretest to 148.02 at follow-up, and self-esteem improved from a mean of 22.6 to 32.6. These were all statistically significant changes (p < 0.001). The model is effective in terms of weight reduction, together with improved levels of self-esteem and favorable perceptions of body image. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

20 pages, 3031 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Liver Cells Viability and Reactive Oxygen Species in Patients Following a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

by Francesco Balestra, Roberto Negro, Maria De Luca, Nicoletta Depalo, Federica Rizzi, Giorgia Panzetta, Valentina Arrè, Rita Mastrogiacomo, Sergio Coletta, Dolores Stabile, Pasqua Letizia Pesole, Nicole Cerabino, Martina Di Chito, Endrit Shahini, Gianluigi Giannelli, Giovanni De Pergola and Maria Principia Scavo

Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2386; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152386 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1672

Abstract

The VLCKD is a diet recognized to promote rapid fat mobilization and reduce inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and liver fibrosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of circulating EVs in cell proliferation, ketone bodies, [...] Read more.

The VLCKD is a diet recognized to promote rapid fat mobilization and reduce inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and liver fibrosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of circulating EVs in cell proliferation, ketone bodies, and ROS production in patients on an 8-week VLCKD regimen. Participants were classified as responders (R) or non-responders (NR) to VLCKD treatment based on their fibroscan results. In vitro experiments with the hepatic cell lines HEPA-RG (normal hepatocytes) and LX-2 (stellate cells) were conducted to investigate the effects of circulating EVs on cell viability, ROS production, and ketone body presence. The findings reveal a notable reduction in cell viability in both cell lines when treated with exosomes (EXOs). In contrast, treatment with microvesicles (MVs) did not appear to affect cell viability, which remained unchanged. Additionally, the levels of ketone bodies measured in urine were not consistently correlated with the reduction of fibrosis in responders (R). Similarly, an increase in ketone bodies was observed in non-responders (NR), which was also not aligned with the expected reduction in fibrosis. This inconsistency stands in stark contrast to the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which exhibited a clear and consistent pattern in accordance with the dietary intervention. Finally, in this preliminary study, ROS has been identified as a potential diet adherence marker for VLCKD patients; the ROS levels reliably follow the progression of the fibrosis response, providing a more accurate reflection of the therapeutic effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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13 pages, 4657 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Citrullus mucosospermus Extract Reduces Weight Gain in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

by He Mi Kang, Sun Young Park, Ji Eun Kim, Ki Won Lee, Dae Youn Hwang and Young-Whan Choi

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132171 - 8 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1364

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Citrullus mucosospermus extract (CME) in counteracting adipogenesis and its associated metabolic disturbances in murine models. In vitro experiments utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes revealed that CME potently inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Citrullus mucosospermus extract (CME) in counteracting adipogenesis and its associated metabolic disturbances in murine models. In vitro experiments utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes revealed that CME potently inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction in lipid droplet formation. Remarkably, CME also attenuated glucose uptake and intracellular triglyceride accumulation in fully differentiated adipocytes, suggesting its ability to modulate metabolic pathways in mature adipose cells. Translating these findings to an in vivo setting, we evaluated the effects of CME in C57BL/6N mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. CME administration, concomitantly with the HFD, resulted in a significant attenuation of body weight gain compared to the HFD control group. Furthermore, CME treatment led to substantial reductions in liver weight, total fat mass, and deposits of visceral and retroperitoneal adipose tissue, underscoring its targeted impact on adipose expansion. Histological analyses revealed the remarkable effects of CME on hepatic steatosis. While the HFD group exhibited severe lipid accumulation within liver lobules, CME dose-dependently mitigated this pathology, with the highest dose virtually abolishing hepatic fat deposition. An examination of adipose tissue revealed a progressive reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy upon CME treatment, culminating in a near-normalization of adipocyte morphology at the highest dose. Notably, CME exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties, significantly attenuating the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines’ mRNA levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the livers of HFD-fed mice. This suggests a potential mechanism through which CME may exert protective effects against inflammation associated with obesity and fatty liver disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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22 pages, 1218 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Healthcare Service Providers’ Perspectives on Sociocultural Aspects Affecting Weight Management Activities Amongst People with Obesity in Taiwan—A Qualitative Study

by Jodie Leu, Kuo-Chin Huang, Pey-Rong Chen and Wen-Harn Pan

Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1540; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101540 - 20 May 2024

Viewed by 1550

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity in Taiwan has risen sharply in recent decades, as in other parts of the world, necessitating urgent action to prevent and curb its detrimental effects. Asian populations are susceptible to the repercussions of obesity at a [...] Read more.

The prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity in Taiwan has risen sharply in recent decades, as in other parts of the world, necessitating urgent action to prevent and curb its detrimental effects. Asian populations are susceptible to the repercussions of obesity at a lower body weight. A higher BMI is associated with more frequent outpatient visits, in-hospital admissions, higher medical costs, and a lower quality of life. However, effective weight management approaches are unlikely to be maintained in the long term without assimilation into daily lifestyle practices. This qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews with 14 doctors, dieticians, and nurses who work to control the weight of people with obesity, explored and identified multilevel barriers in the context of daily life to improve the efficacy and execution of weight management strategies. They considered diets, physical activity, and sleep as key weight management activities. The cultural and psychosocial aspects of daily life were observed to have an impact upon weight management, particularly family conflicts due to cultural dynamics and socially and culturally reinforced food practices. To improve population weight, less-recognised aspects need to be addressed alongside the inclusion of mental health specialists in weight management protocols and policy interventions to minimise obesogenic practices and create environments conducive to weight management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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17 pages, 772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolomic Profiling of Obese Patients with Altered Intestinal Permeability Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

by Francesco Maria Calabrese, Giuseppe Celano, Giuseppe Riezzo, Benedetta D’Attoma, Antonia Ignazzi, Martina Di Chito, Annamaria Sila, Sara De Nucci, Roberta Rinaldi, Michele Linsalata, Mirco Vacca, Carmen Aurora Apa, Maria De Angelis, Gianluigi Giannelli, Giovanni De Pergola and Francesco Russo

Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5026; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245026 - 7 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1998

Abstract

A healthy intestinal permeability facilitates the selective transport of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, involving cellular, neural, hormonal, and immune factors. An altered intestinal permeability indicates pathologic phenotypes and is associated with the exacerbation of obesity and related comorbidities. To investigate the [...] Read more.

A healthy intestinal permeability facilitates the selective transport of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, involving cellular, neural, hormonal, and immune factors. An altered intestinal permeability indicates pathologic phenotypes and is associated with the exacerbation of obesity and related comorbidities. To investigate the impact of altered permeability in obese patients undergoing a calorie-restrictive dietary regimen (VLCKD), we collected urinary and fecal samples from obese patients with both normal and altered permeability (determined based on the lactulose/mannitol ratio) before and after treatment. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) aids in understanding the metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota in this unique ecological niche. Furthermore, we examined clinical and anthropometric variables from the cohort and compared them to significant VOC panels. Consequently, we identified specific markers in the metabolomics data that differentiated between normal and altered profiles before and after the diet. These markers indicated how the variable contribution specifically accounted for interleukins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The targeted metabolomics experiment detected no differences in measured short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). In summary, our study evaluated metabolomic markers capable of distinguishing low-grade inflammation conditions, exacerbated in more advanced stages of obesity with altered intestinal permeability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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17 pages, 8569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theabrownin from Wuniuzao Dark Tea Regulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

by Qianqian Xu, Jiangcheng Ye, Mingxiu Gong, Yifan Zhang, Yiwei Yuan and Jin Zhao

Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4912; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234912 - 24 Nov 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1754

Abstract

The search for functional foods with no side effects that can alleviate obesity has been a common trend. Wuniuzao dark tea could be a safe choice. This study aimed to explore whether theabrownin from Wuniuzao dark tea could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and [...] Read more.

The search for functional foods with no side effects that can alleviate obesity has been a common trend. Wuniuzao dark tea could be a safe choice. This study aimed to explore whether theabrownin from Wuniuzao dark tea could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. In total, fifty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five treatment groups, including a normal control group, high-fat diet group, positive control group, low-dose theabrownin group, and high-dose theabrownin group. After a 9-week intervention, these mice were selected from each treatment group for sampling. The results showed that the body weight and epididymis fat weight of obese mice fed with theabrownin were decreased. Serum total triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also decreased. Protein and mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis and lipid production-related genes of mice fed with theabrownin were downregulated. The gut microbiota composition in the theabrownin group was improved. The study indicated that theabrownin from Wuniuzao dark tea could achieve the liver protection and anti-obesity effects by regulating the Srebp lipid metabolism pathway and bile acid metabolism process, and improving the gut microbiota composition of mice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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16 pages, 531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of a Food Rebalancing Program Associated with Plant-Derived Food Supplements on the Biometric, Behavioral, and Biological Parameters of Obese Subjects

by Jean-Jacques Houben, Yvon Carpentier, Genevieve Paulissen, Georges Van Snick and Antoine Soetewey

Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4780; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224780 - 14 Nov 2023

Viewed by 2914

Abstract

Between 2021 and 2023, the Scientific Council of Dietplus^®, a group specialized in overweight and obesity management, conducted a clinical study on 170 volunteer subjects with a BMI > 29 Kg/m² consecutively recruited. The Dietplus^® program comprises nutritional education, [...] Read more.

Between 2021 and 2023, the Scientific Council of Dietplus^®, a group specialized in overweight and obesity management, conducted a clinical study on 170 volunteer subjects with a BMI > 29 Kg/m² consecutively recruited. The Dietplus^® program comprises nutritional education, intensive, personalized coaching, and consuming food supplements rich in plant derivatives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the Dietplus^® program on biometric, behavioral, and biological parameters. A control group of 30 obese patients was followed for a similar 12-week period. Mean weight loss reached 9 ± 2.1 kg in the Dietplus^® test group versus a 1 ± 0.1 kg weight gain in the control group. Excess weight loss reached 33 ± 13%, and fat mass loss was 7.6% (p < 0.001); waist circumference was reduced by 30%. Quality of Life, Nutriscore, and Prochaska di Clemente scale significantly improved (p < 0.001). Biological parameters showed substantial improvements in the carbohydrate profile and insulin resistance (HOMA index) and in the lipid profile with lower plasma triglyceride (p < 0.01) and VLDL (p < 0.01) concentrations. Inflammatory parameters (orosomucoid, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, and PINI indices) were also substantially reduced. These results indicate a substantial benefit in subjects who followed the Dietplus^® program. (Dietplus^® 116 Rue Robert Bunsen, 57460 Behren-lès-Forbach, France is active in France Belgium and Spain. Plant Derived Food Supplements are produced in France). Indeed, improvements were observed in all biometric, behavioral, and metabolic parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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20 pages, 4445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Effects of Weight-Loss Meal Replacement Programs with Various Macronutrient Distributions on Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Parameters: A Pilot Study

by Seungmin Song, Jinyoung Shon, Woo-ri Yang, Han-Bit Kang, Keun-Ha Kim, Ju-Yeon Park, Sanghoo Lee, Sae Yun Baik, Kyoung-Ryul Lee and Yoon Jung Park

Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4744; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224744 - 10 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2111

Abstract

It has emerged the gut microbiome is crucially linked to metabolic health and obesity. Macronutrient distribution has been discussed as a key parameter in weight-loss programs, but little is known about its impact on the gut microbiome. We investigated the effects of weight-loss [...] Read more.

It has emerged the gut microbiome is crucially linked to metabolic health and obesity. Macronutrient distribution has been discussed as a key parameter in weight-loss programs, but little is known about its impact on the gut microbiome. We investigated the effects of weight-loss meal replacement programs with different macronutrient ratios on the gut microbiota and metabolic parameters in subjects with overweight and obesity. Three low-calorie meal replacement programs with different ratios of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were designed: a balanced diet (Group B, 60:15:30), a high-lipid−low-carbohydrate diet (Group F, 35:20:55), and a protein-enriched diet (Group P, 40:25:35). Sixty overweight or obese participants were provided with the meals twice daily for 3 weeks. In all groups, diet intervention resulted in reduced body weight and BMI. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla decreased and increased, respectively, which increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in all subjects, particularly in Groups B and P. Alpha- and beta-diversity were augmented at the phylum level in Group P. In conclusion, short-term interventions with weight-loss meal replacement programs increased butyrate-producing bacteria and the F/B ratio. Moreover, the protein-enriched diet significantly increased alpha- and beta-diversity compared to the balanced diet and the high-lipid−low-carbohydrate diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

13 pages, 1887 KiB

Open AccessReview

Health Benefits Beyond the Scale: The Role of Diet and Nutrition During Weight Loss Programmes

by Francisca Contreras, Werd Al-Najim and Carel W. le Roux

Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3585; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213585 - 22 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1776

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity management strategies such as caloric restriction, very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs), and meal replacements can lead to moderate short-term weight loss. However, many patients face significant challenges in maintaining these results. Personalized interventions, including behavioral counseling and physical activity, have been shown to [...] Read more.

Introduction: Obesity management strategies such as caloric restriction, very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs), and meal replacements can lead to moderate short-term weight loss. However, many patients face significant challenges in maintaining these results. Personalized interventions, including behavioral counseling and physical activity, have been shown to improve long-term adherence and success. Current clinical guidelines emphasize the pivotal role of dietitians in enhancing patient outcomes through nutritional therapy. When combined with pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, the focus shifts from mere weight loss to broader health improvements. Methods: This review explores the evolving role of dietitians in obesity management, advocating for a shift from a weight-centric approach to a more holistic model that prioritizes overall health gains. Key areas of interest include dietetic interventions’ impact on metabolic health, cardiovascular function, gut microbiome balance, inflammation, and psychological well-being. Results: Dietetic interventions have been shown to provide significant health improvements beyond weight loss. These include enhanced metabolic and cardiovascular health, better gut microbiome balance, reduced inflammation, improved sleep quality, mental well-being, and overall quality of life. By focusing on non-scale victories such as improved insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and mental health, dietitians play a crucial role in driving long-term success in obesity management. These outcomes highlight the need to shift the focus from short-term weight loss to a more comprehensive view of health gains. Conclusions: The role of dietitians in obesity management is expanding to encompass a more comprehensive and individualized approach. Moving beyond a focus on weight reduction, this paradigm promotes long-term, patient-centered strategies that address the multifactorial nature of obesity. By combining dietary changes with regular physical activity and behavioral support, dietitians can contribute to sustained health improvements, treating obesity as a chronic, complex disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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15 pages, 3162 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Synergistic Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding and Resistance Training on Body Composition and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Yiling Ho, Xiao Hou, Fenghua Sun, Stephen H. S. Wong and Xiaoyuan Zhang

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3066; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183066 - 11 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the synergistic impact of time-restricted feeding (TRF) combined with resistance training (RT) (TRF + RT) on body composition and metabolic health in adults, contrasting it with habitual eating patterns (CON) and RT (CON + RT). Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the synergistic impact of time-restricted feeding (TRF) combined with resistance training (RT) (TRF + RT) on body composition and metabolic health in adults, contrasting it with habitual eating patterns (CON) and RT (CON + RT). Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, five databases were searched up to 28 April 2024. Randomized controlled trials or crossover trials assessing the effects of TRF + RT for at least 4 weeks in adults were selected. Data were pooled as standardized mean differences (SMDs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: Seven studies with 164 participants were included in the final analysis. TRF + RT significantly reduced body mass (WMD −2.90, 95% CI: −5.30 to −0.51), fat mass (WMD −1.52, 95% CI: −2.30 to −0.75), insulin (SMD −0.72, 95% CI: −1.24 to −0.21), total cholesterol (WMD −9.44, 95% CI: −13.62 to −5.27), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD −9.94, 95% CI: −13.47 to −6.41), and energy intake (WMD −174.88, 95% CI: −283.79 to −65.97) compared to CON + RT. No significant changes were observed in muscle mass, strength, or other metabolic markers. Conclusions: TRF + RT, in contrast to CON + RT, significantly improved body composition, insulin, and cholesterol levels without affecting muscle mass or strength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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