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Enhancing Body Composition and Metabolism through Exercise, Diet and Surgery

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 January 2025 | Viewed by 701

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
2. Department of Physiology, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
Interests: endocrine disease; metabolic disease; physical exercise; clinical hemorheology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
2. Department of Physiology, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
Interests: human metabolism; inborn errors of metabolism; endocrine and metabolic dynamic testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is recognized that there are three major ways to manage excess body weight—physical activity, diet and bariatric surgery. This is of particular relevance since being overweight significantly increases your risk of various diseases and metabolic disorders. The choice of one or a combination of these three approaches is greatly dependent on the patient’s individual profile. Numerous fundamental and clinical studies still continue to emphasize their benefits on metabolic parameters, body composition and quality of life, sometimes with contradictions or controversies.

We would like to propose a translational point of view on this exciting research area.

We encourage scientists and clinicians to submit mini-reviews, perspectives and original research articles, establishing cross-talks between fundamental and clinical aspects covering the topic. Particular interest will be paid to submissions comparing the benefits of the three above-mentioned strategies.

Dr. Jean Frédéric Brun
Prof. Dr. Eric Raynaud de Mauverger
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • body composition
  • metabolic flexibility
  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • diet
  • bariatric surgery
  • translational research.

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1761 KiB  
Article
Possible Interaction Between Physical Exercise and Leptin and Ghrelin Changes Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Sarcopenic Obesity Patients—A Pilot Study
by Cláudia Mendes, Manuel Carvalho, Jorge Bravo, Sandra Martins and Armando Raimundo
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3913; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223913 - 15 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Introduction: Leptin and ghrelin are two hormones that play a role in weight homeostasis. Leptin, which is produced primarily by adipocytes and is dependent on body fat mass, suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. Conversely, ghrelin is the “hunger hormone”, it stimulates appetite [...] Read more.
Introduction: Leptin and ghrelin are two hormones that play a role in weight homeostasis. Leptin, which is produced primarily by adipocytes and is dependent on body fat mass, suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. Conversely, ghrelin is the “hunger hormone”, it stimulates appetite and promotes fat storage. Bariatric surgery significantly alters the levels and activity of these hormones, contributing to weight loss and metabolic improvements. Clarifying the interplay between bariatric surgery, weight loss, physical exercise, leptin, and ghrelin is essential in developing comprehensive strategies for optimizing the long-term outcomes for candidates who have undergone bariatric surgery, especially for sarcopenic patients. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study with two groups (n = 22). The patients in both groups had obesity and sarcopenia. A Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure was performed on all patients. The intervention group participated in a structured exercise program three times per week, beginning one month after surgery and lasting 16 weeks. Patient assessment was performed before surgery (baseline) and after the completion of the exercise program. The control group received the usual standard of care and was assessed similarly. Results: After surgery, weight, BMI, and lean mass decreased significantly in both groups between the baseline and the second assessment. Leptin levels were not significantly different between baseline and the second assessment in the physical exercise group, but were significantly lower in the control group (p = 0.05). Ghrelin levels increased over time in both groups, but the differences were not significant. When we associated leptin (the dependent variable) with weight (the independent variable), we found that lower weight was associated with lower leptin levels. A similar relationship was also observed between the leptin and sarcopenia parameters (muscle strength and mass), as well as in the bone health parameters (bone mineral density and t-score). Higher ghrelin levels were significantly associated with higher t-scores and z-scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exercise has been shown to have a significant effect on leptin and ghrelin levels after bariatric surgery. By incorporating regular physical activity into their lifestyle, bariatric patients can optimize their weight loss outcomes and improve their overall health. After the physical exercise protocol, patients in the intervention group revealed more established leptin levels, which may indicate a protected pattern concerning decreased leptin levels. An unfavorable profile was evidenced, according to which greater weight loss, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis were associated with lower leptin levels. Full article
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