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Nutrients
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Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health
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Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (17 December 2023) | Viewed by 45844

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Iván Cavero Redondo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
Interests: dietary habits; nutrient impact; dietary interventions; inflammatory response; antioxidant nutrients;biomarkers; arterial stiffness; cardiovascular diseases; meta-analysis; diabetes; vascular health; hypertension
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alicia Saz-Lara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
Interests: dietary habits; nutrient impact; dietary interventions; inflammatory response; antioxidant nutrients; arterial stiffness; vascular health; hypertension; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; meta-analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carlos Pascual-Morena

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
2. Faculty of Nursing, Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
Interests: epidemiology; nutrition; nutraceuticals; genetics; pharmacology; physical activity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to rise worldwide, it is more important than ever to improve our understanding of how diet and energy metabolism can influence the risk factors associated with these diseases.

Balanced diets or dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, have shown benefits in modifying risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, preventing diabetes, or improving endothelial function. This effect could be mediated by the effect of the nutrients in the food consumed on energy metabolism. In addition, the use of dietary supplements or nutraceuticals may be of interest if their efficacy is proven, such as the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular events or coenzyme Q10 as an adjuvant treatment in heart failure.

This Special Issue is aimed at original or review articles, in humans or animal models, that investigate the effect of dietary patterns, nutrients, or dietary/nutraceutical supplements on cardiovascular health via metabolic changes. This effect on cardiovascular health may be direct (change in the occurrence of cardiovascular events or their prognosis) or indirect (change in risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease).

Dr. Iván Cavero Redondo
Dr. Alicia Saz-Lara
Dr. Carlos Pascual-Morena
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • diet
  • metabolism
  • endothelial function
  • arterial stiffness
  • dyslipidaemia
  • glycaemic profile
  • nutraceuticals
  • dietary supplements

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Influence of Insulin Resistance on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults: From the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health Insights of the EVasCu Study
by Carlos Pascual-Morena, Iván Cavero-Redondo, Irene Martínez-García, Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Maribel Lucerón-Lucas-Torres, Nerea Moreno-Herráiz, Valentina Díaz-Goñi and Alicia Saz-Lara
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060791 - 11 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1767
Abstract
Previous evidence associates insulin resistance with arterial stiffness in various pathologies, yet limited reports exist in healthy adults. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the association between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adults. The cross-sectional EVasCu study enrolled 390 participants (42.05 [...] Read more.
Previous evidence associates insulin resistance with arterial stiffness in various pathologies, yet limited reports exist in healthy adults. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the association between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adults. The cross-sectional EVasCu study enrolled 390 participants (42.05 ± 13.15 years). ANCOVAs, unadjusted (model 1) and adjusted (model 2), explored the association between arterial stiffness markers (aortic Pulse Wave Velocity [aPWV], Augmentation Index [AIx@75] and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index [CAVI]), and insulin resistance markers (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR], Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index [QUICKI] and Triglycerides-Glucose [TyG]). In model 1, all insulin resistance markers were associated with aPWV, HOMA-IR and QUICKI were associated with AIx@75, and the TyG index was associated with CAVI. In model 2, HOMA-IR and QUICKI increased aPWV by 0.179 and 0.156 m/s (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011), and AIx@75 by 4.17 and 5.39% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003). The EVasCu study offers valuable insights into the relationship between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adults, providing a deeper understanding of metabolic and cardiovascular health. By examining this influence, we embark on an intriguing exploration of how these factors interplay in the human body. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health)
13 pages, 282 KiB  
Article
The Potential Role of SCFAs in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk by Interacting with Adiposity Parameters and Diet
by Joanna Ostrowska, Emilia Samborowska, Maciej Jaworski, Klaudia Toczyłowska and Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020266 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2437
Abstract
The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the influence of lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, sleep) that can affect the concentration of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and SCFAs’ potential role in modulating cardiometabolic disease risk by interacting with biochemical [...] Read more.
The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the influence of lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, sleep) that can affect the concentration of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and SCFAs’ potential role in modulating cardiometabolic disease risk by interacting with biochemical and body composition parameters. The study comprised 77 healthy, non-obese individuals aged 30–45 years who were assessed for the concentration of SCFAs in stool, diet, physical activity level, and sleep duration. Moreover, body composition measurement and patients’ biochemical parameters were included in the analysis. We have indicated a significant negative correlation between several SCFAs (especially acetic acid (AA), isobutyric acid (IBA), butyric acid (BA), propionic acid (PA), isovaleric acid (IVA) and valeric acid (VA)) with BMI, VAT/SAT ratio (visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio), and percentage of fat mass in a group of females enrolled in the study as well as with waist circumference (WC) in case of both sexes included in the study. Moreover, the results of our study acknowledged the importance of a diet in shaping the SCFA profile—we noticed significant negative associations between energy and fat intake and some SCFAs in males (IBA, IVA, VA, isocaproic acid (ICA)). Further, we indicated that a high intake of fiber (insoluble and soluble) in both males and females results in an elevated concentration of the vast majority of SCFAs and the amount of SCFAs in total. This effect was particularly noticeable in the case of the soluble fraction of fiber. These correlations reflect the fact that diet shapes the composition of the gut microbiota and SCFAs (main microbial metabolites) are synthesized from dietary fiber. In addition, we noticed that in a group of women, the concentration of AA, PA, and ICA as well as the total concentration of SCFAs showed a significant positive association with their sleep duration. We concluded that SCFAs can have a potential role in modulating cardiometabolic disease risk by interacting with adiposity parameters and diet. In addition, this potential direct link between diet and SCFAs may at least partly contribute to sleep improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health)
16 pages, 1757 KiB  
Article
Inclusion of Oat Polar Lipids in a Solid Breakfast Improves Glucose Tolerance, Triglyceridemia, and Gut Hormone Responses Postprandially and after a Standardized Second Meal: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects
by Mohammad Mukul Hossain, Juscelino Tovar, Lieselotte Cloetens and Anne Nilsson
Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4389; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204389 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2681
Abstract
Previously, it has been indicated that oat polar lipids included in a liquid meal may have the potential to beneficially modulate various cardiometabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oat polar lipids in a solid food matrix [...] Read more.
Previously, it has been indicated that oat polar lipids included in a liquid meal may have the potential to beneficially modulate various cardiometabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oat polar lipids in a solid food matrix on acute and second meal glucose tolerance, blood lipids, and concentrations of gut-derived hormones. The oat polar lipids were consumed at breakfast and effects on the biomarkers were investigated in the postprandial period and following a standardized lunch. Twenty young, healthy subjects consumed in total four different breakfast meals in a crossover study design. The breakfasts consisted of 1. White wheat bread (WWB) with an added 7.5 g of oat polar lipids (PLL); 2. WWB with an added 15 g of oat polar lipids (PLH); 3. WWB with and added 16.6 g of rapeseed oil (RSO) as a representative of commonly consumed oils; and 4. WWB consumed alone, included as a reference. All products with added lipids contained equivalent amounts of fat (16.6 g) and available carbohydrates (50 g). Rapeseed oil was added to the oat polar lipid meals to equal 16.6 g of total fat. The standardized lunch was composed of WWB and meatballs and was served 3.5 h after the breakfast. Test variables (blood glucose, serum insulin, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, and GIP) were measured at fasting and repeatedly during the 5.5 h after ingestion of the breakfast. After breakfast, PLH substantially lowered postprandial glucose and insulin responses (iAUC 0–120 min) compared with RSO and WWB (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a reduced glycaemic response to lunch (210–330 min) was observed following the PLH breakfast compared to all of the other breakfasts served (p < 0.05). Oat polar lipids (PLH) significantly reduced TG and ghrelin and increased circulating gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY compared to RSO (p < 0.05). The results show that exchanging part of the dietary lipids with oat polar lipids has the potential to improve postprandial blood glucose regulation and gut hormones and thus may have a preventive effect against type 2 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health)
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Review

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14 pages, 1520 KiB  
Review
Association between Wine Consumption with Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Maribel Lucerón-Lucas-Torres, Alicia Saz-Lara, Ana Díez-Fernández, Irene Martínez-García, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Iván Cavero-Redondo and Celia Álvarez-Bueno
Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2785; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122785 - 17 Jun 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 38310
Abstract
Background: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was: (i) to examine the association between wine consumption and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) and (ii) to analyse whether this association could be influenced by personal and [...] Read more.
Background: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was: (i) to examine the association between wine consumption and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) and (ii) to analyse whether this association could be influenced by personal and study factors, including the participants’ mean age, the percentage of female subjects, follow-up time and percentage of current smokers. Methods: In order to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched several databases for longitudinal studies from their inception to March 2023. This study was previously registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021293568). Results: This systematic review included 25 studies, of which the meta-analysis included 22 studies. The pooled RR for the association of wine consumption and the risk of CHD using the DerSimonian and Laird approach was 0.76 (95% CIs: 0.69, 0.84), for the risk of CVD was 0.83 (95% CIs: 0.70, 0.98), and for the risk of cardiovascular mortality was 0.73 (95% CIs: 0.59, 0.90). Conclusions: This research revealed that wine consumption has an inverse relationship to cardiovascular mortality, CVD, and CHD. Age, the proportion of women in the samples, and follow-up time did not influence this association. Interpreting these findings with prudence was necessary because increasing wine intake might be harmful to individuals who are vulnerable to alcohol because of age, medication, or their pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health)
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