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Nutrients
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Nutrition, Exercise and Lifestyle Intervention: Improvement of Metabolic and Cardiac...
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Nutrition, Exercise and Lifestyle Intervention: Improvement of Metabolic and Cardiac Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 8521

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Eliete Bouskela

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Sate University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: regulation of the microcirculation; translational research; cardiometabolic diseases (mainly obesity)
Dr. Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: obesity; endocrinology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an in-depth discussion of the importance of nutrition, exercise and lifestyle intervention in improving quality of life and decreasing risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases (metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, etc.). As an example, obesity is a chronic disease associated with multiple comorbidities resulting from the interaction of genetic, metabolic, environmental and behavioral factors. The prevalence of excess body weight has increased alarmingly in recent decades. Globally, at least 2.8 million people die from overweight- or obesity-related illnesses each year, making obesity a significant public health problem. Visceral, pericardial and perivascular adiposity may have direct pathogenic effects on the myocardium, coronary arteries and peripheral vessels through unregulated local secretion of vasoactive and inflammatory factors, impairing microcirculatory function and their self-regulatory mechanisms, and contributing to cardiovascular pathophysiology. One of these vasoactive factors is nitric oxide (NO), which has its bioavailability reduced during obesity, including an uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. This results in vasoconstrictor responses and oxidative stress, resulting in an increase in inflammatory cell recruitment and microvascular permeability to macromolecules in postcapillary venules, edema formation and the infiltration of leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) to tissues. Traditional non-pharmacological approaches to fight obesity and its complications are based on continuous caloric restriction and increased regular physical activity. However, reduced motivation and poor adherence are among the challenges faced in weight loss, which is generally not sustained in the long term.

Prof. Dr. Eliete Bouskela
Dr. Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endothelial function
  • nitric oxide
  • inflammation
  • cytokines
  • reactive oxygen species
  • microcirculatory dysfunction
  • visceral adipose tissue
  • muscle mass
  • biomarkers
  • caloric restriction

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 301 KiB  
Article
Microvascular Function, Inflammatory Status, and Oxidative Stress in Post-Bariatric Patients with Weight Regain
by Karynne Grutter Lopes, Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza, Eliete Bouskela and Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2135; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092135 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1725
Abstract
Weight loss after bariatric surgery in obesity improves vascular function and metabolic/inflammatory profiles and reduces cardiovascular mortality but there are limited data on the effects of weight regain on vascular health. We compared the metabolic/inflammatory profiles, oxidative status, and vascular function of post-bariatric [...] Read more.
Weight loss after bariatric surgery in obesity improves vascular function and metabolic/inflammatory profiles and reduces cardiovascular mortality but there are limited data on the effects of weight regain on vascular health. We compared the metabolic/inflammatory profiles, oxidative status, and vascular function of post-bariatric patients with a high ratio of weight regain (RWR) vs. non-surgical controls. Thirty-two post-bariatric patients [Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; aged = 44 ± 8 years, BMI = 40.1 ± 7.7 kg/m2, and RWR = 58.7 ± 24.3%] and thirty controls that were BMI-, age-, and gender-matched entered the study. We collected clinical data, metabolic/inflammatory/oxidative stress circulating biomarkers, and endothelial/microvascular reactivity through Venous occlusion plethysmography and Laser speckle contrast imaging. The bariatric group exhibited lower neck circumference, fasting glucose, and triglycerides than the non-surgical group, while HDL-cholesterol was higher in the bariatric group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups for endothelial/microvascular reactivities (p ≥ 0.06). Resistin, leptin, endothelin-1, soluble forms of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances did not differ significantly between groups (p ≥ 0.09) either. The adiponectin level was higher in the bariatric compared to the non-surgical group, while interleukin-6 was lower in the bariatric group (p < 0.001). Despite the fact that endothelial/microvascular functions were not significantly different between groups, post-bariatric patients present partially preserved metabolic/inflammatory benefits even with high RWR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Exercise and Lifestyle Intervention: Improvement of Metabolic and Cardiac Health)
12 pages, 1298 KiB  
Article
High Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Are Associated with Physical Inactivity, and Part of This Association Is Mediated by Being Overweight
by Samara Silva de Moura, Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior, Ana Maria Sampaio Rocha, Aline Priscila Batista, Mariana Carvalho de Menezes, Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho and Adriana Lúcia Meireles
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051191 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3030
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated substantial changes in the lives of the population, such as increased physical inactivity, which can lead to being overweight and, consequently, repercussions on glucose homeostasis. A cross-sectional study based on the adult population of Brazil was conducted by [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated substantial changes in the lives of the population, such as increased physical inactivity, which can lead to being overweight and, consequently, repercussions on glucose homeostasis. A cross-sectional study based on the adult population of Brazil was conducted by stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling (October and December 2020). Participants were classified as physically active or inactive during leisure time according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. HbA1c levels were categorized as normal (≤6.4%) or with glycemic changes (≥6.5%). The mediating variable was being overweight (overweight and obese). Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the association between physical inactivity and glycemic changes. Mediation was analyzed using the Karlson–Holm–Breen method to verify the influence of being overweight on the association. We interviewed 1685 individuals, mostly women (52.4%), 35–59 years old (45.8%), race/ethnicity brown (48.1%), and overweight (56.5%). The mean HbA1c was 5.68% (95% CI: 5.58–5.77). Mediation analysis verified that physically inactive participants during leisure time were 2.62 times more likely to have high levels of HbA1c (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.29–5.33), and 26.87% of this effect was mediated by over-weight (OR: 1.30: 95% CI: 1.06–1.57). Physical inactivity at leisure increases the chances of high levels of HbA1c, and part of this association can be explained by being overweight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Exercise and Lifestyle Intervention: Improvement of Metabolic and Cardiac Health)
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12 pages, 1542 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Trajectories of Alcohol Consumption with All-Cause Mortality, Hypertension, and Blood Pressure Change: Results from CHNS Cohort, 1993–2015
by Weida Qiu, Anping Cai, Liwen Li and Yingqing Feng
Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5073; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235073 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a J-shaped association of alcohol consumption with all-cause mortality and hypertension, but the majority of these studies focus on a single measurement of alcohol intake and were conducted in a Western population. Whether long-term trajectories of alcohol consumption [...] Read more.
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a J-shaped association of alcohol consumption with all-cause mortality and hypertension, but the majority of these studies focus on a single measurement of alcohol intake and were conducted in a Western population. Whether long-term trajectories of alcohol consumption are associated with all-cause mortality, hypertension, and a change in blood pressure remains to be elucidated. Methods: In the large, population-based China Health and Nutrition Survey cohort from between 1993 and 2015, group-based trajectory modeling was conducted to identify distinct alcohol-consumption trajectory classes. We investigated their association with all-cause mortality and hypertension using Cox regression and binary logistics regression models. A restricted cubic spline was performed to determine the nonlinear relationships of mean alcohol intake with mortality and hypertension. Multivariate-adjusted generalized linear mixed-effects models were conducted to assess the change in blood pressure among alcohol-consumption trajectory classes. Results: Among the 5298 participants, 48.4% were women and the mean age was 62.6 years. After 22 years of follow-up, 568 (10.7%) of the participants died and 1284 (24.2%) developed hypertension. Long-term light and moderate drinkers had a lower risk of death than the non-drinkers, and a restricted cubic spline showed a J-shaped relationship between mean alcohol intake and mortality. Although blood pressure increased slower in light and moderate drinkers, a reduced risk of hypertension was only observed in the former. The long-term heavy drinkers had the highest blood pressure and death rate. Conclusions: Light alcohol intake might be protective even in the long run, while heavy drinking reversed the beneficial effect. The causality of such a connection needs to be further investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Exercise and Lifestyle Intervention: Improvement of Metabolic and Cardiac Health)
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