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Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Reproductive Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 April 2023) | Viewed by 14074

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Guest Editor
Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
Interests: benign prostatic hyperplasia; erectile dysfunction; andrology; prostatitis; prostate cancer
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet and nutrition can have a significant impact on both male and female reproductive health. A healthy, balanced diet that provides all the necessary nutrients can help maintain optimal hormonal balance, promote healthy ovulation and sperm production, and improve the chances of conception. Here are some of the key ways in which diet and nutrition can impact reproductive health:

Fertility: Nutrition plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of the reproductive system. For example, adequate levels of nutrients such as iron, folic acid, and zinc are essential for both male and female fertility. A healthy diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats can help ensure optimal fertility.

Pregnancy outcomes: Proper nutrition during pregnancy is essential for the healthy growth and development of the fetus. A diet that is rich in essential nutrients, such as folic acid, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids, can help reduce the risk of birth defects, preterm birth, and other pregnancy complications.

Menstrual health: A balanced diet can help regulate hormonal balance, which is critical for healthy ovulation and regular menstrual cycles. A diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and low in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats can help promote optimal menstrual health.

Menopausal health: Proper nutrition can also help support women's health during the transition to menopause. A diet that is rich in calcium and vitamin D can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis, while a diet that is high in plant-based foods can help alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats.

Overall, a healthy, balanced diet that provides all the necessary nutrients can help maintain optimal reproductive health and improve the chances of conception and a healthy pregnancy.

Prof. Dr. Giorgio Ivan Russo
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Grosso
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrition
  • fertility
  • pregnancy outcomes
  • menopausal health
  • prostatitis
  • prostate cancer

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 424 KiB  
Review
Assessment of Nutritional Status and Its Influence on Ovarian Reserve: A Systematic Review
by Laura Prieto-Huecas, Clara Ángela Piera-Jordán, Verónica Serrano De La Cruz-Delgado, Ana Zaragoza-Martí, María Belén García-Velert, Cristina Tordera-Terrades, Miriam Sánchez-Sansegundo and Laura Martín-Manchado
Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2280; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102280 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3890
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the relationship among lifestyle, reproductive health, and fertility. Recent investigations highlight the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors such as stress, diet, and nutritional status on reproductive health. The aim of this review was to [...] Read more.
Background: Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the relationship among lifestyle, reproductive health, and fertility. Recent investigations highlight the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors such as stress, diet, and nutritional status on reproductive health. The aim of this review was to determine the influence of nutritional status on ovarian reserve in order to improve the reproductive health of women of childbearing age. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out following the PRISMA method. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Data were extracted, and the results were summarized into two blocks: according to the technique used to assess ovarian reserve and nutritional status; according to the results found in the relationship between ovarian reserve and nutritional status. Results: A total of 22 articles involving 5929 women were included. In 12 of the included articles (54.5%), a relationship between nutritional status and ovarian reserve was demonstrated. In seven publications (31.8%), the increased body mass index (BMI) led to a decrease in ovarian reserve, two of them (0.9%) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, showing a decrease only if BMI > 25. In two articles (0.9%), there was a negative relationship between ovarian reserve and waist-to-hip ratio, and in one (0.45%), a positive relationship was shown between ovarian reserve and testosterone levels, the latter being related to body mass index. In five articles (22.7%), body mass index was used as a confounder and was negatively related to ovarian reserve, and in another four (18%), no correlation was found. Conclusions: Ovarian reserve appears to be influenced by nutritional status. A high body mass index has a negative impact on the ovary, decreasing antral follicle count and anti-Müllerian hormone. Oocyte quality is compromised, increasing the rate of reproductive problems and the demand for assisted reproductive techniques. Further studies are needed to understand which dietary factors have the greatest effect on ovarian reserve in order to promote reproductive health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Reproductive Health)
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16 pages, 356 KiB  
Review
Coenzyme Q10 and Melatonin for the Treatment of Male Infertility: A Narrative Review
by Gianpaolo Lucignani, Letizia Maria Ippolita Jannello, Irene Fulgheri, Carlo Silvani, Matteo Turetti, Franco Gadda, Paola Viganò, Edgardo Somigliana, Emanuele Montanari and Luca Boeri
Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4585; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214585 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6282
Abstract
Background: Lifestyle and environmental factors can negatively impact fertility by means of oxidative stress. In this context, antioxidant supplementation therapy has gained much interest in recent years, and different molecules, alone or in combination, have been studied. Objective: The purpose of the present [...] Read more.
Background: Lifestyle and environmental factors can negatively impact fertility by means of oxidative stress. In this context, antioxidant supplementation therapy has gained much interest in recent years, and different molecules, alone or in combination, have been studied. Objective: The purpose of the present review is to investigate the evidence regarding the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and melatonin on male infertility. Methods: A literature search using PUBMED database from 2000 to October 2022 was performed to explore the role of CoQ10 and melatonin on male reproductive function. Conclusions: The analysis involved a narrative synthesis. CoQ10, alone or in combination, appears to reduce testicular oxidative stress and sperm DNA fragmentation and to improve sperm parameters; particularly sperm motility. Moreover, CoQ10 treatment is associated with higher pregnancy rates, both naturally and through assisted reproductive technology (ART). Larger studies are needed to precisely determine its clinical efficacy. Melatonin is a known antioxidant and preclinical studies have shown its ability to modulate reproductive function through hormonal and immune system regulation and sperm cell proliferation. Regardless, clinical studies are necessary to assess its potential in male infertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Reproductive Health)
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