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Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—from Prevention to Aftercare

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (4 December 2023) | Viewed by 22591

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Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: colorectal cancers; thymoma; pulmonary medicine; malignant pleural effusion; video-assisted thoracic surgery; mesothelioma; transthoracic biopsy: bronchoscopy; cancer malnutrition; dietary intervention; cachexia; parenteral nutrition
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural products represent an important source for the discovery and development of drugs for cancer prevention and therapy. Approximately 80% of all drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration during the last three decades for cancer therapy are either natural products per se or are based on or mimic natural products. With the introduction and refinement of new technologies, including genetic tools for production of secondary plant metabolites, combinatorial synthesis, and high-throughput assays, it is likely that novel compounds from natural sources, including medicinal plants and marine organisms, would be identified and developed as cancer-preventive and anticancer drugs with acceptable toxicity.

Bioactive dietary components have been shown to modify all of the major signaling pathways which are deregulated in cancer. Estimates suggest that 30–70% of all cancer cases might be preventable by diet, depending on the dietary components and the specific type of cancer. A better understanding of the bioactive components present in food, the mechanism(s) of action of these dietary components towards cancer prevention, the critical intake of dietary components, duration, and when they should be provided to optimize the desired physiological response is needed.

This Special Issue is open for submission from any interested individuals. It is expected that contributions will include original research papers, authoritative and up-to-date reviews, and commentaries on the following topics and areas:

  • Natural products for the prevention and therapy of oncologic disease;
  • Mechanism of natural agents for anticancer or cancer-preventive effects;
  • In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies related to natural agents and cancer;
  • Use of natural products in conjunction with cancer chemotherapeutic drugs;
  • Challenges and innovative approaches for anticancer drug development based on natural products;
  • Novel strategy of enhancing bioavailability of natural products for cancer prevention and intervention;
  • Production of anticancer natural agents using biotechnology;
  • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomic studies on anticancer phytochemicals.

Dr. Mariusz Chabowski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • nutrition
  • natural products
  • phytochemicals
  • nutraceuticals
  • prevention
  • treatment
  • intervention
  • functional foods

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 199 KiB  
Editorial
Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—From Prevention to Aftercare
by Jakub Klekowski and Mariusz Chabowski
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1437; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101437 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 1573
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a noteworthy increase in the efficacy of oncological treatments for a variety of neoplasms, which has improved the overall results and survival rates in cancer therapy [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—from Prevention to Aftercare)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

16 pages, 787 KiB  
Article
Long Follow-Up Times Weaken Observational Diet–Cancer Study Outcomes: Evidence from Studies of Meat and Cancer Risk
by William B. Grant
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010026 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
For years, prospective cohort studies of diet and cancer incidence have reported smaller effects than do retrospective case–control (CC) studies. The differences have been attributed to problems with CC studies, including dietary recall bias, poor matching of cases and controls, and confounding. The [...] Read more.
For years, prospective cohort studies of diet and cancer incidence have reported smaller effects than do retrospective case–control (CC) studies. The differences have been attributed to problems with CC studies, including dietary recall bias, poor matching of cases and controls, and confounding. The hypothesis evaluated here is that long follow-up periods between ascertainment of diet and cancer incidence weaken the findings. Prospective studies of cancer incidence with respect to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration have already shown reduced benefit of higher concentrations for longer follow-up periods. Evaluating that hypothesis for dietary factors involved searching the journal literature for meta-analyses of red meat and processed meat and cancer incidence. I used findings from observational studies for bladder, breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. To evaluate the effect of duration of follow-up time, I used two approaches. First, I plotted the relative risks for CC studies for gastric cancer with respect to consumption of 100 g/day of red meat and for bladder cancer for 50 g/day of processed meat against the interval between the dietary data and cancer incidence. Second, I compared nested CC studies of meat and cancer incidence for five breast cancer studies and one colorectal cancer study. Both approaches yielded an inverse correlation between interval or follow-up time and relative risk. My findings strongly suggest that diet near time of cancer diagnosis is more important than for longer intervals, that results from meta-analyses should be revised when possible with appropriate adjustments for duration of follow-up, and that dietary guidelines be revised accordingly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—from Prevention to Aftercare)
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Review

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14 pages, 1473 KiB  
Review
Role of Fisetin in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women
by Anna Markowska, Michał Antoszczak, Karol Kacprzak, Janina Markowska and Adam Huczyński
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4686; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214686 - 5 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2784
Abstract
A promising therapeutic window and cost-effectiveness are just two of the potential advantages of using naturally derived drugs. Fisetin (3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid of the flavonol group, commonly found in fruit and vegetables. In recent years, fisetin has gained wide attention across [...] Read more.
A promising therapeutic window and cost-effectiveness are just two of the potential advantages of using naturally derived drugs. Fisetin (3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid of the flavonol group, commonly found in fruit and vegetables. In recent years, fisetin has gained wide attention across the scientific community because of its broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including cytotoxic activity against most abundant cancers. By stimulating or inhibiting selected molecular targets or biochemical processes, fisetin could affect the reduction of metastasis or cancer progression, which indicates its chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive role. In this review, we have summarized the results of studies on the anticancer effects of fisetin on selected female malignancies, both in in vitro and in vivo tests, i.e., breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer, published over the past two decades. Until now, no article dedicated exclusively to the action of fisetin on female malignancies has appeared. This review also describes a growing number of nanodelivery systems designed to improve the bioavailability and solubility of this natural compound. The reported low toxicity and activity of fisetin on cancer cells indicate its valuable potential, but large-scale clinical trials are urgently needed to assess real chemotherapeutic efficacy of this flavonoid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—from Prevention to Aftercare)
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34 pages, 2786 KiB  
Review
The Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Breast Cancer as a Preventive Measure or as an Adjunct to Conventional Treatments
by Matheus H. Theinel, Mariana P. Nucci, Arielly H. Alves, Olivia F. M. Dias, Javier B. Mamani, Murilo M. Garrigós, Fernando A. Oliveira, Gabriel N. A. Rego, Nicole M. E. Valle, Gabriela Cianciarullo and Lionel F. Gamarra
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061310 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4764
Abstract
In order to understand how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplements affect breast cancer prevention and treatment, a systematic review of articles published in the last 5 years in two databases was performed. Of the 679 articles identified, only 27 were included [...] Read more.
In order to understand how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplements affect breast cancer prevention and treatment, a systematic review of articles published in the last 5 years in two databases was performed. Of the 679 articles identified, only 27 were included and examined based on five topics, taking into account: the induction type of the breast cancer used in animal models; the characteristics of the induction model by cell transplantation; the experimental design of the ω-3 supplementation—combined or not with a treatment antitumor drug; the fatty acids (FAs) composition used; the analysis of the studies’ outcomes. There are diverse and well-established animal models of breast cancer in the literature, with very relevant histological and molecular similarities depending on the specific objective of the study, such as whether the method of tumor induction was transgenic, by cell transplantation, or by oncogenic drugs. The analyses of outcomes were mainly focused on monitoring tumor growth, body/tumor weight, and molecular, genetic, or histological analyses, and few studies evaluated latency, survival, or metastases. The best results occurred when supplementation with ω-3 PUFA was associated with antitumor drugs, especially in the analysis of metastases and volume/weight of tumors or when the supplementation was started early and maintained for a long time. However, the beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFA supplementation when not associated with an antitumor agent remains unclear. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—from Prevention to Aftercare)
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24 pages, 479 KiB  
Review
The Role of Chosen Essential Elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs) Dedicated to Oncology Patients—Critical Review: State-of-the-Art
by Adrian Frydrych, Mirosław Krośniak and Kamil Jurowski
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15041012 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4367
Abstract
The scoping review aimed to characterise the role of selected essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) aimed at oncology patients. The scope review was conducted using Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to find [...] Read more.
The scoping review aimed to characterise the role of selected essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) aimed at oncology patients. The scope review was conducted using Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to find published references on this subject. Data from the reviewed literature were related to the physiological functions of the element in the body, and the effects of deficiencies and excesses, referring to the latest ESPEN and EFSA guidelines, among others. Important dietary indices/parameters based on the literature review are provided for each element. On the basis of the literature, data on the level of elements in patients with cancer were collected. The content of these elements in 100 mL of FSMPs was read from the manufacturers’ declarations. The literature has been provided on the importance of each element in cancer. Our findings show that the essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, and Mn) of FSMPs for cancer patients are not adequately treated. We suggest solutions to ensure the safe use of FSMPs in oncology patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—from Prevention to Aftercare)

Other

20 pages, 889 KiB  
Systematic Review
Diet as a Factor Supporting Lung Cancer Treatment—A Systematic Review
by Jacek Polański, Natalia Świątoniowska-Lonc, Sylwia Kołaczyńska and Mariusz Chabowski
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061477 - 19 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6369
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies concerning associations between diet and the effectiveness of treatment for lung cancer. For this review, a literature search has been conducted in the EMBASE and PubMed databases, including papers published [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies concerning associations between diet and the effectiveness of treatment for lung cancer. For this review, a literature search has been conducted in the EMBASE and PubMed databases, including papers published between 1977 and June 2022. The term “lung cancer” was used in conjunction with “diet”. Footnotes from the selected papers were also analyzed. The present study is in line with the recommendations included in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The review included studies involving adults, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort and observational studies. In total, 863 papers were found, with duplicates excluded. Ultimately, 20 papers were reviewed. The present systematic review indicates that vitamin A, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), vitamin E, selenium, and zinc—as antioxidants—can strengthen the body’s antioxidant barrier. Furthermore, preoperative immunonutrition may not only improve perioperative nutritional status following induction chemoradiotherapy in lung cancer surgery patients but also reduce the severity of postoperative complications. Similarly, a protein supply may exert a beneficial effect on human health by increasing average body weight and muscle mass. Omega-3 fatty acid content in the diet and the consumption of their main source, fish, may have some regulatory effect on inflammation in patients with lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition, n-3 fatty acids inhibit tumor cell proliferation and may reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. Increased energy and protein intake are strongly associated with improved quality of life, functional outcomes, hand grip strength, symptoms, and performance in patients with lung cancer. The use of a supportive diet should be the standard of care, alongside pharmaceutical therapy, in treatment for patients with lung cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategy for Cancer—from Prevention to Aftercare)
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