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The Relationship between Nuts and Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2025 | Viewed by 2533

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Nutrition & Dietetics Program, Department of Individual, Family & Community Education, College of Education, University of New Mexico, 157 Hokona Zuni MSC05, 3042, Albuquerque, NM 87131-001, USA
Interests: plant-based diets; chronic diseases; nutritional neuroscience
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Few foods have experienced the extent of exoneration as tree nuts. Thirty years ago, nutrition experts and the public considered them only snacks. Today, nuts are considered superfoods. Studies conducted in animals and humans have shown that the frequent consumption of nuts is associated with a decreased risk of many chronic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, gallstones, diabetes, cancer, metabolic syndrome, visceral obesity, and depression. Nuts are also capable of altering cognitive performance and possibly preventing or reversing aging effects in humans.

In this Special Issue, we welcome original research and reviews regarding the impact of nut consumption on developing, treating, preventing, and reversing chronic diseases. The Special Issue focuses on descriptive food studies, dietary and lifestyle strategies, nutritional patterns, intensive, personalized treatments, and dietetic prevention programs.

Dr. Peter Pribis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nuts
  • chronic disease
  • food studies
  • dietary and lifestyle strategies
  • nutritional patterns
  • intensive, personalized treatments
  • dietetic prevention programs
  • food safety
  • epidemiology
  • structural equation modeling
  • nutritional education
  • nutritional medicine
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cancer research
  • nutrition
  • diabetes mellitus
  • clinical psychology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 2317 KiB  
Article
Influence of Peanut Consumption on the Gut Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Sang Minh Nguyen, Thi Du Chi Tran, Thi Mo Tran, Cong Wang, Jie Wu, Qiuyin Cai, Fei Ye and Xiao-Ou Shu
Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3313; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193313 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2174
Abstract
Background: Peanut consumption could impact cardiometabolic health through gut microbiota, a hypothesis that remains to be investigated. A randomized clinical trial in Vietnam evaluated whether peanut consumption alters gut microbiome communities. Methods: One hundred individuals were included and randomly assigned to the [...] Read more.
Background: Peanut consumption could impact cardiometabolic health through gut microbiota, a hypothesis that remains to be investigated. A randomized clinical trial in Vietnam evaluated whether peanut consumption alters gut microbiome communities. Methods: One hundred individuals were included and randomly assigned to the peanut intervention and control groups. A total of 51 participants were provided with and asked to consume 50 g of peanuts daily, while 49 controls maintained their usual dietary intake for 16 weeks. Stool samples were collected before and on the last day of the trial. After excluding 22 non-compliant participants and those who received antibiotic treatment, 35 participants from the intervention and 43 from the control were included in the analysis. Gut microbiota composition was measured by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Associations of changes in gut microbial diversity with peanut intervention were evaluated via linear regression analysis. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze associations of composition, sub-community structure, and microbial metabolic pathways with peanut intervention. We also performed beta regression analysis to examine the impact of peanut intervention on the overall and individual stability of microbial taxa and metabolic pathways. All associations with false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected p-values of <0.1 were considered statistically significant. Results: No significant changes were found in α- and β-diversities and overall gut microbial stability after peanut intervention. However, the peanut intervention led to lower enrichment of five phyla, five classes, two orders, twenty-four metabolic pathways, and six species-level sub-communities, with a dominant representation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Escherichia coli D, Holdemanella biformis, Ruminococcus D bicirculans, Roseburia inulinivorans, and MGYG-HGUT-00200 (p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.1). The peanut intervention led to the short-term stability of several species, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii F and H, and a metabolic pathway involved in nitrate reduction V (p < 0.05; FDR < 0.1), known for their potential roles in human health, especially cardiovascular health. Conclusions: In summary, a 16-week peanut intervention led to significant changes in gut microbial composition, species-level sub-communities, and the short-term stability of several bacteria, but not overall gut microbial diversity and stability. Further research with a larger sample size and a longer intervention period is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the direct impact of gut-microbiome-mediated health effects of peanut consumption. Trial registration: The International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (ITMCTR). Registration number: ITMCTR2024000050. Retrospectively Registered 24 April 2024. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Relationship between Nuts and Chronic Diseases)
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