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Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 October 2024) | Viewed by 40474

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hengameh Chloè Mirsepasi-Lauridsen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1Health Gut Inn Balance APS, Kloevermarken 7, 2680 Solroed Strand, Denmark
Interests: inflammatory bowel diseases; gastrointestinal diseases; microbiology; faecal microbiota transplantation; faecal virus transplantation; probiotic; prebiotic; escherichia coli; host beneficial bacteria metabolites; nutrition therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As over half of the human body consists of microbiota cells, it is evident that the microbiota plays an essential role in human health and disease. An unbalanced gut microbiota/dysbiosis is linked to many diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel diseases, autism, and Parkinson’s disease, etc. The concatenation between the human body and microorganisms is not fully understood, and thus in the last two decades, there has been enhanced focus on the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on gut health, intestinal dysbiosis and on the brain–gut axis.

Probiotics are living non-pathogenic microorganisms that can promote the healthy balance of the gut microbiota in the host when administered in adequate amounts. For a non-pathogenic microorganism to be classified as a probiotic, it must have a beneficial effect on the recipient’s microbiota. Furthermore, it must have scientifically proven effects on the stimulation of health and the treatment of a specific disease such as diarrhea. Prebiotics are food ingredients that are non-digestible and selectively stimulate both bacterial growth and the activity of probiotics, benefiting the host GIT, such as antioxidant and host beneficial fatty acids. Fecal microbiota transplantation facilitates the discovery of innovative bacteria with beneficial effects on host health via the production of metabolites and nutraceuticals such as vitamin K.

Dr. Hengameh Chloè Mirsepasi-Lauridsen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammatory bowel diseases
  • gastrointestinal diseases
  • fecal microbiota transplantation
  • fecal virus transplantation
  • probiotic
  • prebiotic
  • Escherichia coli
  • host beneficial bacteria metabolites
  • nutrition therapy
  • brain–gut axis
  • effect of beneficial bacteria on brain and mental diseases

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3337 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of a Balanced Nine-Strain Synbiotic in Primary-Care Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients—A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Henning Sommermeyer, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Malgorzata Bernatek, Pawel Olszewski, Jaroslaw Kopczynski and Jacek Piątek
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101503 - 16 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1651
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize effects of a multi-strain synbiotic in patients with moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of all stool form types. A total of 202 adult IBS patients were randomized (1:1) and after a four-week treatment-free [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to characterize effects of a multi-strain synbiotic in patients with moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of all stool form types. A total of 202 adult IBS patients were randomized (1:1) and after a four-week treatment-free run-in phase and were treated either with the synbiotic or a placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were the assessment of the severity of IBS symptoms (IBS-SSS) and the improvement of IBS global symptoms (IBS-GIS). Secondary endpoints comprised adequate relief (IBS-AR scale), stool form type (Bristol Stool Form Scale), bowel movements, severity of abdominal pain and bloating, stool pressure, feeling of incomplete stool evacuation, and adverse events. A total of 201 patients completed the study. Synbiotic treatment, in comparison to placebo, significantly improved IBS-SSS and IBS-GIS scores. At the end of the treatment, 70% of patients in the synbiotic group achieved adequate relief. After 12 weeks of treatment, the secondary endpoints were favorably differentiated in the synbiotic group when compared with the placebo group. Two patients in the synbiotic group reported transient adverse events (headache). The results indicate that treatment of IBS patients with the synbiotic significantly improved all major symptoms of IBS and was well-tolerated. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration was NCT05731232. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health)
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14 pages, 1374 KiB  
Article
Impact of Synbiotic Intake on Liver Metabolism in Metabolically Healthy Participants and Its Potential Preventive Effect on Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
by Aakash Mantri, Anika Köhlmoos, Daniela Stephanie Schelski, Waldemar Seel, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, Peter Krawitz, Peter Stehle, Jens Juul Holst, Bernd Weber, Leonie Koban, Hilke Plassmann and Marie-Christine Simon
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091300 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 28448
Abstract
Synbiotics modulate the gut microbiome and contribute to the prevention of liver diseases such as metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded seven-week intervention trial on the liver metabolism in 117 metabolically healthy [...] Read more.
Synbiotics modulate the gut microbiome and contribute to the prevention of liver diseases such as metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded seven-week intervention trial on the liver metabolism in 117 metabolically healthy male participants. Anthropometric data, blood parameters, and stool samples were analyzed using linear mixed models. After seven weeks of intervention, there was a significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the synbiotic group compared to the placebo group (−14.92%, CI: −26.60–−3.23%, p = 0.013). A stratified analysis according to body fat percentage revealed a significant decrease in ALT (−20.70%, CI: −40.88–−0.53%, p = 0.045) in participants with an elevated body fat percentage. Further, a significant change in microbiome composition (1.16, CI: 0.06–2.25, p = 0.039) in this group was found, while the microbial composition remained stable upon intervention in the group with physiological body fat. The 7-week synbiotic intervention reduced ALT levels, especially in participants with an elevated body fat percentage, possibly due to modulation of the gut microbiome. Synbiotic intake may be helpful in delaying the progression of MAFLD and could be used in addition to the recommended lifestyle modification therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health)
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16 pages, 2759 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Fermentation Shows Polyphenol and Fiber Blends Have an Additive Beneficial Effect on Gut Microbiota States
by Jordan A. Whitman, Laurel A. Doherty, Ida G. Pantoja-Feliciano de Goodfellow, Kenneth Racicot, Danielle J. Anderson, Katherine Kensil, J. Philip Karl, Glenn R. Gibson and Jason W. Soares
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081159 - 13 Apr 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2088
Abstract
Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether combining multiple fermentable fibers or polyphenols may have additive beneficial effects on gut microbial states. Here, an in vitro fermentation model, seeded [...] Read more.
Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether combining multiple fermentable fibers or polyphenols may have additive beneficial effects on gut microbial states. Here, an in vitro fermentation model, seeded with human stool combined from 30 healthy volunteers, was supplemented with blends of polyphenols (PP), dietary fibers (FB), or their combination (PPFB) to determine influence on gut bacteria growth dynamics and select metabolite changes. PP and FB blends independently led to significant increases in the absolute abundance of select beneficial taxa, namely Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Dorea spp. Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, relative to non-supplemented control (F), increased significantly with PPFB and FB supplementation but not PP. Indole and ammonia concentrations decreased with FB and PPFB supplementation but not PP alone while increased antioxidant capacity was only evident with both PP and PPFB supplementation. These findings demonstrated that, while the independent blends displayed selective positive impacts on gut states, the combination of both blends provided an additive effect. The work outlines the potential of mixed substrate blends to elicit a broader positive influence on gut microbial composition and function to build resiliency toward dysbiosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health)
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Review

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9 pages, 226 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Urinary Tract Infections: A Narrative Review
by Zaryan Safdar Iqbal, Sofie Ingdam Halkjær, Khaled Saoud Ali Ghathian, Julie Elm Heintz and Andreas Munk Petersen
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3615; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213615 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a substantial health concern worldwide. Although it is known that the gut can act as a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens, the exact role of the gut microbiome in developing UTIs remains unclear. This review aims to investigate [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a substantial health concern worldwide. Although it is known that the gut can act as a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens, the exact role of the gut microbiome in developing UTIs remains unclear. This review aims to investigate the link between the gut microbiome and UTIs and whether gut dysbiosis increases the risk of getting a UTI. Methods: To find relevant studies, a search was conducted across three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Only records that directly described the association between the gut microbiome and UTIs were included in this review. Results: Of the numerous studies retrieved, eight studies met the pre-set criteria and were selected for the review. The findings suggest several potential ways in which gut dysbiosis might enhance UTI susceptibility. A low gut microbiome diversity, a reduced level of bacteria involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and a high abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) among UTI patients all offer a reasonable explanation for the existence of a link between an altered gut microbiome and UTIs. However, contradictory study results make it difficult to verify this. Conclusions: Research on the link between the gut microbiome and UTIs is limited, and further studies need to be carried out to substantiate this relationship, as this can bring attention to finding improved and more relevant treatment for UTIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health)
14 pages, 706 KiB  
Review
Importance of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by Natalia Ekstedt, Dominika Jamioł-Milc and Joanna Pieczyńska
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2092; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132092 - 30 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2521
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic diseases of the digestive system with a multifactorial and not fully understood etiology. There is research suggesting that they may be initiated by genetic, immunological, and lifestyle factors. [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic diseases of the digestive system with a multifactorial and not fully understood etiology. There is research suggesting that they may be initiated by genetic, immunological, and lifestyle factors. In turn, all of these factors play an important role in the modulation of intestinal microflora, and a significant proportion of IBD patients struggle with intestinal dysbiosis, which leads to the conclusion that intestinal microflora disorders may significantly increase the risk of developing IBD. Additionally, in IBD patients, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) produced by intestinal epithelial cells and dendritic cells treat intestinal bacterial antigens as pathogens, which causes a disruption of the immune response, resulting in the development of an inflammatory process. This may result in the occurrence of intestinal dysbiosis, which IBD patients are significantly vulnerable to. In this study, we reviewed scientific studies (in particular, systematic reviews with meta-analyses, being studies with the highest level of evidence) regarding the microflora of patients with IBD vs. the microflora in healthy people, and the use of various strains in IBD therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health)
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19 pages, 2781 KiB  
Review
Gut Microbiome-Based Therapeutics in Critically Ill Adult Patients—A Narrative Review
by Shiyue He, Fengyu Lin, Xinyue Hu and Pinhua Pan
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4734; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224734 - 9 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3834
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the human microenvironment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in critically ill patients. Therefore, utilizing intestinal microbiota to prevent complications and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients is a possible [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the human microenvironment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in critically ill patients. Therefore, utilizing intestinal microbiota to prevent complications and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients is a possible therapeutic direction. The gut microbiome-based therapeutics approach focuses on improving intestinal microbiota homeostasis by modulating its diversity, or treating critical illness by altering the metabolites of intestinal microbiota. There is growing evidence that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), selective digestive decontamination (SDD), and microbiota-derived therapies are all effective treatments for critical illness. However, different treatments are appropriate for different conditions, and more evidence is needed to support the selection of optimal gut microbiota-related treatments for different diseases. This narrative review summarizes the curative effects and limitations of microbiome-based therapeutics in different critically ill adult patients, aiming to provide possible directions for gut microbiome-based therapeutics for critically ill patients such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and COVID-19, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Gut Health)
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