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New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic...
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New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 17372

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hamdy Kashtoh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
Interests: Abiotic stress, Structural Biology, Ion channels, bioactive compounds/ Diabetes
Prof. Dr. Kwang-Hyun Baek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38451, Republic of Korea
Interests: antimicrobial agents; synergistic effects; nanoparticles; essential oils; secondary metabolites; plant extracts; bacteria; fungi; viruses; multidrug resistance; microorganisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Muhammad Fazle Rabbee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
Interests: endophytes; bioactive compounds from endophytes; antibacterial resistance; plant–pathogen interaction; plant defense against pathogens

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants are constantly challenged by their environments, including both biotic and abiotic stress factors. As a result, plants have developed complex signaling pathways in response to various challenges, allowing them to adapt and survive. In order to detect and react to pathogen attacks, herbivore feeding, and symbiotic interactions in the case of biotic stress, plants use a complex network of signaling molecules, including phytohormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and secondary metabolites. These signaling cascades cause the activation of systemic acquired resistance, the synthesis of antimicrobial chemicals, the reinforcement of physical barriers, and genes involved in defense. When plants are exposed to abiotic stress, such as drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies, they use different signaling pathways to adapt. Abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), calcium ions, and other signaling molecules are involved in these pathways. These signaling molecules coordinate cellular responses such as stomatal closure, osmotic correction, and the activation of stress-responsive genes. Understanding the mechanisms of plant signaling networks involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses is essential for developing crop plants that are resilient to changing environmental conditions. This Special Issue aims to attract contributions to developing our understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress.

We invite scholars to submit original research articles and reviews that make substantial advances within this field.

Dr. Hamdy Kashtoh
Prof. Dr. Kwang-Hyun Baek
Dr. Muhammad Fazle Rabbee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • drought stress
  • salt stress
  • bacterial immunity
  • guard cell
  • anion channel
  • protein kinases
  • calcium signaling
  • abscisic acid signaling
  • light signaling
  • nitrogen fixa-tion
  • phosphorylation
  • plant nutrients
  • receptors
  • signal transduction
  • stress
  • nutrition
  • calcium
  • membrane transport
  • Arabidopsis thaliana
  • ion homeostasis combination

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 4062 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Mechanisms Underlying the Specificity of the Variation Potential Induced by Different Stimuli
by Maxim Mudrilov, Maria Ladeynova, Yana Vetrova and Vladimir Vodeneev
Plants 2024, 13(20), 2896; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13202896 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 545
Abstract
Plants are able to perceive diverse environmental factors and form an appropriate systemic functional response. Systemic responses are induced by stimulus-specific long-distance signals that carry information about the stimulus. Variation potential is proposed as a candidate for the role of such a signal. [...] Read more.
Plants are able to perceive diverse environmental factors and form an appropriate systemic functional response. Systemic responses are induced by stimulus-specific long-distance signals that carry information about the stimulus. Variation potential is proposed as a candidate for the role of such a signal. Here, we focus on the mechanisms that determine the specificity of the variation potential under the action of different local stimuli. Local stimuli such as heating, burning and wounding cause variation potential, the parameters of which differ depending on the type of stimulus. It was found that the stimulus-specific features of the hydraulic signal monitored by changes in leaf thickness and variation potential, such as a greater amplitude upon heating and burning and a significant amplitude decrement upon burning and wounding, were similar. The main features of these signals are the greater amplitude upon heating and burning, and a significant amplitude decrement upon burning and wounding. Together with the temporal correspondence of signal propagation, this evidence indicates a role for the hydraulic signal in the induction of stimulus-specific variation potential. Experiments using mechanosensitive channel inhibitors have demonstrated that the hydraulic signal contributes more to the induction of the variation potential in the case of rapidly growing stimuli, such as burning and wounding, than in the case of gradual heating. For thermal stimuli (gradual heating and burning), a greater contribution, compared to wounding, of the chemical signal related to reactive oxygen species to the induction of the variation potential was demonstrated. Thus, the specificity of the parameters of the variation potential is determined by the different contributions of hydraulic and chemical signals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
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18 pages, 4566 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Aspartic Acid on the Alleviation of Salt Stress in Celery (Apium graveliens L.) “Si Ji Xiao Xiang Qin”
by Jinnan Song, Jingli Yang and Byoung Ryong Jeong
Plants 2024, 13(15), 2072; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152072 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 707
Abstract
Salinity is one of the primary abiotic stresses that seriously hampers plant quality and productivity. It is feasible to reduce or reverse the negative effects of salt through the supplementation of silicon (Si) and aspartic acid (Asp). However, the question of how exogenous [...] Read more.
Salinity is one of the primary abiotic stresses that seriously hampers plant quality and productivity. It is feasible to reduce or reverse the negative effects of salt through the supplementation of silicon (Si) and aspartic acid (Asp). However, the question of how exogenous Si and Asp induce salt tolerance in celery remains incipient. Thus, this study was performed to determine the synergistic effects of Si and Asp on the alleviation of salt stress in celery. To this end, the celery plants were cultivated in a controlled regime (light for 14 h at 22 °C; darkness for 10 h at 16 °C) and treated with one of five treatments (CK, 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM NaCl + 75 mg/L Si, 100 mM NaCl + 100 mg/L Asp, and 100 mM NaCl + 75 mg/L Si + 100 mg/L Asp). Results showed that solely NaCl-treated celery plants developed salt toxicity, as characterized by decreased growth, declined photosynthetic ability, disturbed nutritious status and internal ion balance, and a boosted antioxidant defense system (Improved antioxidant enzymes and reduced ROS accumulation). In contrast, these adverse effects of NaCl were ameliorated by the additions of Si and Asp, regardless of Si, Asp, or both. Moreover, the mitigatory impacts of the co-application of Si and Asp on salt stress were more pronounced compared to when one of them was solely applied. Collectively, exogenous Si and Asp alleviate the degree of salt stress and thereby improve the salt tolerance of celery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
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16 pages, 5268 KiB  
Article
Regulation of Root Exudation in Wheat Plants in Response to Alkali Stress
by Huan Wang, Shuting Zhao, Zexin Qi, Changgang Yang, Dan Ding, Binbin Xiao, Shihong Wang and Chunwu Yang
Plants 2024, 13(9), 1227; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091227 - 28 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1387
Abstract
Soil alkalization is an important environmental factor limiting crop production. Despite the importance of root secretion in the response of plants to alkali stress, the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we applied a widely targeted metabolomics approach using a local MS/MS [...] Read more.
Soil alkalization is an important environmental factor limiting crop production. Despite the importance of root secretion in the response of plants to alkali stress, the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we applied a widely targeted metabolomics approach using a local MS/MS data library constructed with authentic standards to identify and quantify root exudates of wheat under salt and alkali stresses. The regulatory mechanism of root secretion in alkali-stressed wheat plants was analyzed by determining transcriptional and metabolic responses. Our primary focus was alkali stress-induced secreted metabolites (AISMs) that showed a higher secretion rate in alkali-stressed plants than in control and salt-stressed plants. This secretion was mainly induced by high-pH stress. We discovered 55 AISMs containing –COOH groups, including 23 fatty acids, 4 amino acids, 1 amino acid derivative, 7 dipeptides, 5 organic acids, 9 phenolic acids, and 6 others. In the roots, we also discovered 29 metabolites with higher levels under alkali stress than under control and salt stress conditions, including 2 fatty acids, 3 amino acid derivatives, 1 dipeptide, 2 organic acids, and 11 phenolic acids. These alkali stress-induced accumulated carboxylic acids may support continuous root secretion during the response of wheat plants to alkali stress. In the roots, RNAseq analysis indicated that 5 6-phosphofructokinase (glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme) genes, 16 key fatty acid synthesis genes, and 122 phenolic acid synthesis genes have higher expression levels under alkali stress than under control and salt stress conditions. We propose that the secretion of multiple types of metabolites with a –COOH group is an important pH regulation strategy for alkali-stressed wheat plants. Enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and phenolic acid synthesis will provide more energy and substrates for root secretion during the response of wheat to alkali stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
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28 pages, 14909 KiB  
Article
A Regulatory Mechanism on Pathways: Modulating Roles of MYC2 and BBX21 in the Flavonoid Network
by Nan Li, Yunzhang Xu and Yingqing Lu
Plants 2024, 13(8), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081156 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 2892
Abstract
Genes of metabolic pathways are individually or collectively regulated, often via unclear mechanisms. The anthocyanin pathway, well known for its regulation by the MYB/bHLH/WDR (MBW) complex but less well understood in its connections to MYC2, BBX21, SPL9, PIF3, and HY5, is investigated here [...] Read more.
Genes of metabolic pathways are individually or collectively regulated, often via unclear mechanisms. The anthocyanin pathway, well known for its regulation by the MYB/bHLH/WDR (MBW) complex but less well understood in its connections to MYC2, BBX21, SPL9, PIF3, and HY5, is investigated here for its direct links to the regulators. We show that MYC2 can activate the structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway but also suppress them (except F3′H) in both Arabidopsis and Oryza when a local MBW complex is present. BBX21 or SPL9 can activate all or part of the structural genes, respectively, but the effects can be largely overwritten by the local MBW complex. HY5 primarily influences expressions of the early genes (CHS, CHI, and F3H). TF-TF relationships can be complex here: PIF3, BBX21, or SPL9 can mildly activate MYC2; MYC2 physically interacts with the bHLH (GL3) of the MBW complex and/or competes with strong actions of BBX21 to lessen a stimulus to the anthocyanin pathway. The dual role of MYC2 in regulating the anthocyanin pathway and a similar role of BBX21 in regulating BAN reveal a network-level mechanism, in which pathways are modulated locally and competing interactions between modulators may tone down strong environmental signals before they reach the network. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
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Review

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13 pages, 1181 KiB  
Review
Trade-Off Regulation in Plant Growth and Stress Responses Through the Role of Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling
by Horim Lee
Plants 2024, 13(22), 3239; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13223239 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 408
Abstract
Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms that cannot migrate to more favorable conditions and must constantly adapt to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, plants exhibit developmental plasticity to cope, which is probably based on the underlying trade-off mechanism that allocates [...] Read more.
Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms that cannot migrate to more favorable conditions and must constantly adapt to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, plants exhibit developmental plasticity to cope, which is probably based on the underlying trade-off mechanism that allocates energy expenditure between growth and stress responses to achieve appropriate growth and development under different environmental conditions. Plant heterotrimeric G protein signaling plays a crucial role in the trade-off involved in the regulation of normal growth and stress adaptation. This review examines the composition and signaling processes of heterotrimeric G proteins in plants, detailing how they balance growth and adaptive responses in plant immunity and thermomorphogenesis through recent advances in the field. Understanding the trade-offs associated with plant G protein signaling will have significant implications for agricultural innovation, particularly in the development of crops with improved resilience and minimal growth penalties under environmental stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
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19 pages, 2218 KiB  
Review
Plant Immunity: At the Crossroads of Pathogen Perception and Defense Response
by Sajad Ali, Anshika Tyagi and Zahoor Ahmad Mir
Plants 2024, 13(11), 1434; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13111434 - 22 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4286
Abstract
Plants are challenged by different microbial pathogens that affect their growth and productivity. However, to defend pathogen attack, plants use diverse immune responses, such as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), RNA silencing and autophagy, which are intricate and regulated by diverse signaling [...] Read more.
Plants are challenged by different microbial pathogens that affect their growth and productivity. However, to defend pathogen attack, plants use diverse immune responses, such as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), RNA silencing and autophagy, which are intricate and regulated by diverse signaling cascades. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors are the hallmarks of plant innate immunity because they can detect pathogen or related immunogenic signals and trigger series of immune signaling cascades at different cellular compartments. In plants, most commonly, PRRs are receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) that function as a first layer of inducible defense. In this review, we provide an update on how plants sense pathogens, microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs), and effectors as a danger signals and activate different immune responses like PTI and ETI. Further, we discuss the role RNA silencing, autophagy, and systemic acquired resistance as a versatile host defense response against pathogens. We also discuss early biochemical signaling events such as calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones that trigger the activation of different plant immune responses. This review also highlights the impact of climate-driven environmental factors on host–pathogen interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
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41 pages, 1765 KiB  
Review
Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms
by Bhaskar Sarma, Hamdy Kashtoh, Tensangmu Lama Tamang, Pranaba Nanda Bhattacharyya, Yugal Kishore Mohanta and Kwang-Hyun Baek
Plants 2023, 12(23), 3948; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12233948 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6163
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most significant staple foods worldwide. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the many nutrients found in domesticated rice. Ensuring high and constant rice production is vital to facilitating human food [...] Read more.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most significant staple foods worldwide. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the many nutrients found in domesticated rice. Ensuring high and constant rice production is vital to facilitating human food supplies, as over three billion people around the globe rely on rice as their primary source of dietary intake. However, the world’s rice production and grain quality have drastically declined in recent years due to the challenges posed by global climate change and abiotic stress-related aspects, especially drought, heat, cold, salt, submergence, and heavy metal toxicity. Rice’s reduced photosynthetic efficiency results from insufficient stomatal conductance and natural damage to thylakoids and chloroplasts brought on by abiotic stressor-induced chlorosis and leaf wilting. Abiotic stress in rice farming can also cause complications with redox homeostasis, membrane peroxidation, lower seed germination, a drop in fresh and dry weight, necrosis, and tissue damage. Frequent stomatal movements, leaf rolling, generation of reactive oxygen radicals (RORs), antioxidant enzymes, induction of stress-responsive enzymes and protein-repair mechanisms, production of osmolytes, development of ion transporters, detoxifications, etc., are recorded as potent morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of rice plants under adverse abiotic stress. To develop cultivars that can withstand multiple abiotic challenges, it is necessary to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the deterioration of rice quality under multiple abiotic stresses. The present review highlights the strategic defense mechanisms rice plants adopt to combat abiotic stressors that substantially affect the fundamental morphological, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Plant Signaling Mechanisms in Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
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