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Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture
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Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 10465

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jean Carlos Cardoso

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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras 13600-970, SP, Brazil
Interests: floriculture; breeding; propagation; in vitro plant cultivation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stephen Beungtae Ryu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
2. Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
Interests: plant biotechnology; secondary metabolites: plant lipid signaling; plant defense response; plant tissue culture; genome editing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More than a century after the discoveries of Gottlieb Haberlandt and the advances made by other authors throughout the 20th century and the beginning of actual plant tissue culture techniques or in vitro plant cultivation, a scientific and technological evolution in the agriculture and plant science fields has taken place, serving as a foundation for present-day tools, including those that help to build a more efficient yield and sustainable agriculture. Thus, homozygous lineages and transgenic and genomic editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, were conventionally used in plant in vitro culture conditions as a platform for the cultivation of protoplasts, cells, tissues, organs, or even whole plants, in the environmentally controlled conditions of in vitro culture. In addition to research, the in vitro cultivation of plants also acts as a direct tool for obtaining more productive and vigorous plants, including disease- and pest-free ones, contributing to the production of more efficient yield plants in the field, especially through micropropagation. In addition to this technique, other emerging tools, such as somatic embryogenesis, the culture of haploids and protoplasts, and the in vitro production of secondary metabolites, have received special attention in terms of physiology, mechanisms, biosynthetic pathways, and improvement of culture protocols, especially in the transition of research for technology and those that can be tested on a commercial and industrial scale, aiming at the production of plantlets, cultivars, and metabolites of interest to different segments of modern agriculture. Thus, in this Special Edition on ‘Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture’, the main objectives are to select manuscripts of high scientific and methodological quality which demonstrate the main innovative steps and advances or improvements in existing techniques, or which shed light on new applications of in vitro plant cultivation and their impacts on agriculture, either for genetic improvement, propagation, phytosanitary or in vitro production of secondary metabolites.

Dr. Jean Carlos Cardoso
Dr. Stephen Beungtae Ryu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • floriculture
  • breeding
  • propagation
  • in vitro plant cultivation

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5604 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of ‘Kashan’ and ‘Hervy Azerbaijan’ Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Genotypes for Cosmetic and Ornamental Applications
by Behzad Kaviani, Bahareh Deltalab, Dariusz Kulus, Amir Ali Khoddamzadeh and Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
Plants 2024, 13(10), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101364 - 14 May 2024
Viewed by 1370
Abstract
The damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is an ornamental–medicinal plant from the Rosaceae family, and its aromatic compounds and essential oils are applied globally in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Due to its economic value, this research aimed to establish a [...] Read more.
The damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is an ornamental–medicinal plant from the Rosaceae family, and its aromatic compounds and essential oils are applied globally in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Due to its economic value, this research aimed to establish a protocol for an efficient, rapid, and cost-effective method for in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting of the R. damascena ‘Kashan’ and ‘Hervy Azerbaijan’ genotypes. Nodal segments (as primary explants) were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with combinations of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), as well as a PGR-like substance, phloroglucinol (PG), vitamins such as ascorbic acid (AA), and activated carbon in the form of active charcoal (AC). For the establishment stage, 0.1 mg·L−1 PG, 0.2 mg·L−1 GA3, and 1 mg·L−1 BAP were added to the media. Secondary explants (nodal segments containing axillary buds produced from primary explants) were obtained after 30 days of in vitro culture and transferred to the proliferation media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg·L−1) and GA3 (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1 mg·L−1) together with 0.1 mg·L−1 PG and 20 mg·L−1 of AA. The rooting media were augmented with different concentrations of BAP and GA3 with 0.1 mg·L−1 of IBA, PG and 20 mg·L−1 of AA and AC. The results showed that the highest regeneration coefficient (4.29 and 4.28) and the largest number of leaves (23.33–24.33) were obtained in the explants grown on the medium supplemented with 2 mg·L−1 BAP and 0.4 mg·L−1 GA3 for the ‘Kashan’ and ‘Hervy Azerbaijan’ genotypes, respectively. Likewise, this PGR combination provided the shortest time until bud break (approximately 6.5 days) and root emergence (approximately 10 days) in both genotypes. The highest number of shoots (4.78 per explant) and roots (3.96) was achieved in this medium in the ‘Kashan’ rose. Stem and root lengths, as well as stem and root fresh and dry weights, were also analyzed. In most measured traits, the lowest values were found in the PGRs-free control medium. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots filled with perlite and peat moss in a 2:1 proportion and were acclimatized to ambient greenhouse conditions with a mean 90.12% survival rate. This research contributes significantly to our understanding of Damask rose propagation and has practical implications for the cosmetic and ornamental plant industries. By offering insights into the manipulation of regeneration processes, our study opens up new possibilities for the effective production of high-quality plant material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture)
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13 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Light and Ethephon Overcoming Seed Dormancy in Friar’s Crown (Melocactus zehntneri, Cactaceae), a Brazilian Cactus
by Mariana Freitas Campos Magnani and Jean Carlos Cardoso
Plants 2023, 12(24), 4127; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244127 - 11 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Seed germination in Melocactus and other cactus species is hampered by dormancy. However, most studies failed to achieve high seed-germination rates, suggesting a complex mechanism of dormancy in Cactaceae. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether factors such as light [...] Read more.
Seed germination in Melocactus and other cactus species is hampered by dormancy. However, most studies failed to achieve high seed-germination rates, suggesting a complex mechanism of dormancy in Cactaceae. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether factors such as light and phytoregulators overcome the dormancy in the seeds of the friar’s crown cactus (Melocactus zehntneri). Two consecutive experimental sets were designed: one with seed germination under filter paper conditions and different wavelengths and Photosynthetically Photon Flux Densities (PPFDs); and one in vitro experiment using a culture medium to evaluate the influence of different phytoregulators, such as gibberellic acid (GA3), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and ethephon (ET), both in the germination of seeds of M. zehntneri. Seeds of M. zehntneri are positive photoblastic. Red light and gradual increases in PPFD resulted in the highest germination rates (60.8–61.7%) and germination speed index (4.4–4.5). In vitro seeding in culture media increased the germination percentage to 76% in control without phytoregulators. Ethephon showed a major effect in releasing the germination of dormant seeds of M. zehntneri, totaling 98% of seeds germinated under in vitro conditions, while GA3 and BAP showed minor or no effect on germination. The present study resulted in an efficient in vitro technique for germination and a better understanding of cacti seed dormancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture)
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15 pages, 6129 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Culture Conditions and Plant Growth Regulators for In Vitro Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.
by Wenhui Song, Yaohong Song, Xueting Liu, Xiaoju Zhang, Rujie Xin, Siyang Duan, Shixin Guan and Xiaomei Sun
Plants 2023, 12(23), 3968; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12233968 - 25 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
Owing to its high ornamental, medicinal and horticultural values, herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) has been widely used as a landscaping and economical plant around the world. However, the lack of an efficient and stable regeneration system in P. lactiflora restricts its [...] Read more.
Owing to its high ornamental, medicinal and horticultural values, herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) has been widely used as a landscaping and economical plant around the world. However, the lack of an efficient and stable regeneration system in P. lactiflora restricts its rapid propagation and large-scale production. By testing the key factors affecting callus formation, proliferation, adventitious bud induction and rooting, here, we developed an in vitro system for callus induction and regeneration in P. lactiflora. Our results show that callus formation was affected by explant types, culture environment, basal medium and plant growth regulators. Using cotyledons as explants, we established good conditions for P. lactiflora callus induction and callus proliferation. We effectively obtained adventitious buds differentiated from callus in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing kinetin (KT) and thidiazuron (TDZ). Adventitious bud growth can be further promoted by adding gibberellin 3 (GA3), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyleaminopurine (6-BA) into the MS medium. A high percentage of rooting can be achieved by adding indolebutyric acid (IBA) and activated carbon (AC) to ½ MS medium. Overall, our system promotes callus induction and adventitious bud regeneration for P. lactiflora through improved culture conditions and plant growth regulators in the culture media, and lays a foundation for subsequent genetic engineering research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture)
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20 pages, 2290 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Multiplication and Rooting of Plum Rootstock ‘Saint Julien’ (Prunus domestica subsp. insititia) under Fluorescent Light and Different LED Spectra
by Lilyana Nacheva, Nataliya Dimitrova, Lyubka Koleva-Valkova, Miroslava Stefanova, Tsveta Ganeva, Marieta Nesheva, Ivan Tarakanov and Andon Vassilev
Plants 2023, 12(11), 2125; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112125 - 27 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2167
Abstract
In recent years, light emitting diodes (LEDs), due to their low energy consumption, low heat emission and specific wavelength irradiation, have become an alternative to fluorescent lamps (FLs) in plant tissue culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of [...] Read more.
In recent years, light emitting diodes (LEDs), due to their low energy consumption, low heat emission and specific wavelength irradiation, have become an alternative to fluorescent lamps (FLs) in plant tissue culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various LED light sources on the in vitro growth and rooting of plum rootstock Saint Julien (Prunus domestica subsp. insititia). The test plantlets were cultivated under a Philips GreenPower LEDs research module illumination system with four spectral regions: white (W), red (R), blue (B) and mixed (W:R:B:far-red = 1:1:1:1). The control plantlets were cultivated under fluorescent lamps (FL) and the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of all treatments was set at 87 ± 7.5 μmol m−2 s−1. The effect of light source on the selected physiological, biochemical and growth parameters of plantlets was monitored. Additionally, microscopic observations of leaf anatomy, leaf morphometric parameters and stomata characteristics were carried out. The results showed that the multiplication index (MI) varied from 8.3 (B) to 16.3 (R). The MI of plantlets grown under mixed light (WBR) was 9, lower compared to the control (FL) and white light (W), being 12.7 and 10.7, respectively. In addition, a mixed light (WBR) favored plantlets’ stem growth and biomass accumulation at the multiplication stage. Considering these three indicators, we could conclude that under the mixed light, the microplants were of better quality and therefore mixed light (WBR) was more suitable during the multiplication phase. A reduction in both net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance in the leaves of plants grown under B were observed. The quantum yield (Yield = FV/FM), which represents the potential photochemical activity of PS II, ranged from 0.805 to 0.831 and corresponded to the typical photochemical activity (0.750–0.830) in the leaves of unstressed healthy plants. The red light had a beneficial effect on the rooting of plum plants; the rooting was over 98%, significantly higher than for the control (FL, 68%) and the mixed light (WBR, 19%). In conclusion, the mixed light (WBR) turned out to be the best choice during the multiplication phase and the red LED light was more suitable during the rooting stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture)
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19 pages, 4197 KiB  
Article
Establishment of Highly Efficient Plant Regeneration, Callus Transformation and Analysis of Botrytis cinerea-Responsive PR Promoters in Lilium brownii var. viridulum
by Yongyao Fu, Liling Shu, Hanyi Li, Xingming Zhang, Xuan Liu, Zhengying Ou, Xiaomeng Liang, Xiangying Qi and Liping Yang
Plants 2023, 12(10), 1992; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101992 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2162
Abstract
Lilium brownii var. viridulum, commonly called Longya lily, is a well-known flower and vegetable plant in China that has poor tolerance to Botrytis fungal disease. The molecularimprovement has mainly been restricted to an efficient regeneration and transformation system. In this study, the [...] Read more.
Lilium brownii var. viridulum, commonly called Longya lily, is a well-known flower and vegetable plant in China that has poor tolerance to Botrytis fungal disease. The molecularimprovement has mainly been restricted to an efficient regeneration and transformation system. In this study, the highly efficient regeneration of Longya lily was established through the optimization of embryogenic callus, adventitious shoot and rooting induction. The major factors influencing transformation (antibiotics, Agrobacterium concentration, infection time, suspension solution and coculture medium) were examined. The expression responses of PR promoters (ZmPR4 and BjCHI1) to B. cinerea were assessed in transgenic calli. The results showed that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg·L−1 picloram (PIC) and 0.2 mg·L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under light conditions and MS with 0.5 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA under darkness were optimal for embryogenic callus induction (64.67% rate) and proliferation (3.96 coefficient). Callus inoculation into MS containing 2.0 mg·L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.4 mg·L−1 NAA, 1.0 mg·L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA led to shooting induction (92.22 of rate) and proliferation (3.28 of coefficient) promotion, respectively. The rooting rate reached 99.00% on MS with 0.3 mg·L−1 NAA. Moreover, a transformation rate of 65.56% was achieved by soaking the callus in Agrobacterium at an OD600 of 0.4 for 10 min in modified MS without NH4NO3 as the suspension solution and coculture medium before selecting 75 mg·L−1 hygromycin and 300 mg·L−1 cefotaxime. Only the BjCHI1 promoter was obviously expressed in transgenic calli. These results could facilitate the generation of Longya lily transgenic plants with improved B. cinerea resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Plant In Vitro Culture)
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