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Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops
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Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Physiology and Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2022) | Viewed by 15522

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xiaojian Xia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: phytohormone signaling; plant stress response; plant architecture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of global climate change, vegetable production is challenged by the frequent occurrence of different abiotic stresses, including drought, flooding, extreme temperatures, insufficient sunlight, salinity, and nutrient starvation. To ensure yield sustainability, intensive efforts are required to improve the stress tolerance of vegetable crops. Fundamental research in model plants provides insights into the signaling network of plant response to abiotic stresses. However, regulation of stress response and improving the vegetable yield in a fluctuating environment require intensive research efforts to obtain a better understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of crop adaptation to abiotic stresses and coordination of growth and tolerance. Meanwhile, it is essential to uncover the genetic and epigenetic basis of climate-resilient vegetable crops. Identification of key genes and regulators in the stress response and innovation of high-throughput phenotyping platforms will inevitably promote the engineering and breeding of climate-resilient vegetable crops.

This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the regulation of stress tolerance of vegetable crops and the underlying physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, identification of candidate genes/enzymes that are targets for engineering to produce better yields under fluctuating environments, and signal crosstalk in adaptation to abiotic stresses. The main topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Biological processes at the physiological and cellular levels in response to abiotic stresses.
  • Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies to reveal the signaling pathway of stress response.
  • New genes, proteins and natural compounds that regulate stress tolerance.
  • Roles of epigenetic regulation in stress response.
  • Hormone homeostasis and signaling in stress response.
  • Coordination of plant growth and stress tolerance.
  • Mechanisms of stress acclimation.
  • Application of new techniques to increase stress tolerance and the underlying mechanisms.
  • Engineering plants with promising target genes.
  • Phenotyping flatforms to detect physiological responses to abiotic stresses.

Prof. Dr. Xiaojian Xia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • abiotic stress response
  • climate-resilient vegetable crops
  • regulation of abiotic stress tolerance
  • signal crosstalk
  • yield penalty

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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13 pages, 3102 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Adventitious Root Development in Cucumber under Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Ability
by Yayu Liu, Lijuan Wei, Li Feng, Meiling Zhang, Dongliang Hu, Jianzhong Tie and Weibiao Liao
Plants 2022, 11(7), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070935 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 2418
Abstract
As a gas signal molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can enhance plant stress resistance. Here, cucumber (Cucumis sativus ‘Xinchun NO. 4’) explants were used to investigate the role of H2S in adventitious root development under salt stress. The results [...] Read more.
As a gas signal molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can enhance plant stress resistance. Here, cucumber (Cucumis sativus ‘Xinchun NO. 4’) explants were used to investigate the role of H2S in adventitious root development under salt stress. The results show that sodium chloride (NaCl) at 10 mM produced moderate salt stress. The 100 µM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) treatment, a H2S donor, increased root number and root length by 38.37% and 66.75%, respectively, indicating that H2S effectively promoted the occurrence of adventitious roots in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results show that under salt stress, NaHS treatment reduced free proline content and increased the soluble sugar and soluble protein content during rooting. Meanwhile, NaHS treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)], increased the content of ascorbic (ASA) and glutathione (GSH), reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the rate of superoxide radical (O2−) production, and decreased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, the NaHS scavenger hypotaurine (HT) reversed the above effects of NaHS under salt stress. In summary, H2S promoted adventitious root development under salt stress through regulating osmotic substance content and enhancing antioxidant ability in explants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops)
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15 pages, 29051 KiB  
Article
The PAP Gene Family in Tomato: Comprehensive Comparative Analysis, Phylogenetic Relationships and Expression Profiles
by Xin Pang, Yuan Cheng, Meiying Ruan, Qingjing Ye, Rongqing Wang, Zhuping Yao, Guozhi Zhou and Hongjian Wan
Plants 2022, 11(4), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040563 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2305
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) plays a vital role in plant phosphate acquisition and utilization, as well as cell wall synthesis and redox reactions. In this study, comprehensive comparative analyses of PAP genes were carried out using the integration of phylogeny, chromosomal [...] Read more.
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) plays a vital role in plant phosphate acquisition and utilization, as well as cell wall synthesis and redox reactions. In this study, comprehensive comparative analyses of PAP genes were carried out using the integration of phylogeny, chromosomal localization, intron/exon structural characteristics, and expression profiling. It was shown that the number of introns of the PAP genes, which were distributed unevenly on 12 chromosomes, ranged from 1 to 12. These findings pointed to the existence of complex structures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PAPs from tomato, rice, and Arabidopsis could be divided into three groups (Groups I, II, and III). It was assumed that the diversity of these PAP genes occurred before the monocot–dicot split. RNA-seq analysis revealed that most of the genes were expressed in all of the tissues analyzed, with the exception of SlPAP02, SlPAP11, and SlPAP14, which were not detected. It was also found that expression levels of most of the SlPAP gene family of members were changed under phosphorus stress conditions, suggesting potential functional diversification. The findings of this work will help us to achieve a better insight into the function of SlPAP genes in the future, as well as enhance our understanding of their evolutionary relationships in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops)
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15 pages, 1611 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome and Physiological Analysis of Rootstock Types and Silicon Affecting Cold Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings
by Heng Luan, Chenxu Niu, Xinmiao Nie, Yan Li and Min Wei
Plants 2022, 11(3), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030445 - 6 Feb 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2665
Abstract
Cucumbers grafted on rootstocks with different de-blooming capacity show varying levels of cold tolerance. The content of fruit bloom correlates with its silicon-metabolizing capacity, and rootstock grafting can alter not only the cold tolerance but also the silicon-metabolizing capacity of the scion. The [...] Read more.
Cucumbers grafted on rootstocks with different de-blooming capacity show varying levels of cold tolerance. The content of fruit bloom correlates with its silicon-metabolizing capacity, and rootstock grafting can alter not only the cold tolerance but also the silicon-metabolizing capacity of the scion. The molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance due to rootstocks and silicon and the pathway that affects cold tolerance, however, remain poorly understood. Therefore, we performed physiological and transcriptome analysis to clarify how rootstock types and silicon affect cold tolerance in cucumber seedlings. Then, we randomly selected eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis to proof the reliability of the transcriptome data. The results showed that silicon can enhance the cold tolerance of cucumbers by boosting the phenylpropanoid metabolism, and rootstock grafting can boost the active oxygen scavenging ability and synthesis level of hormones in cucumbers and maintain the stability of the membrane structure to enhance cold tolerance. The difference in cold tolerance between the two rootstocks is because the cold-tolerant one has stronger metabolic and sharp signal transduction ability and can maintain the stability of photosynthesis, thereby contributing to the stability of the cellular system and enhancing tolerance to cold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops)
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18 pages, 4429 KiB  
Article
The Novel Cucurbitaceae miRNA ClmiR86 Is Involved in Grafting-Enhanced Phosphate Utilization and Phosphate Starvation Tolerance in Watermelon
by Weifang Wu, Haoshun Zhao, Qin Deng, Haiyang Yang, Xiaoxiao Guan, Rui Qi, Pibiao Shi, Jinghua Yang, Mingfang Zhang and Zhongyuan Hu
Plants 2021, 10(10), 2133; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102133 - 8 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1930
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a globally important Cucurbitaceae crop in which grafting is commonly used to improve stress tolerance and enhance nutrient utilization. However, the mechanism underlying grafting-enhanced nutrient assimilation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the possible involvement of a novel [...] Read more.
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a globally important Cucurbitaceae crop in which grafting is commonly used to improve stress tolerance and enhance nutrient utilization. However, the mechanism underlying grafting-enhanced nutrient assimilation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the possible involvement of a novel Cucurbitaceae miRNA, ClmiR86, in grafting-enhanced phosphate-starvation tolerance via CALCINEURIN B-LIKE INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE 5 (ClCIPK5) suppression in watermelon. Transcript analyses revealed that the induction of ClmiR86 expression was correlated with the downregulation of ClCIPK5 in squash-grafted watermelon under phosphate starvation. In addition, the differential expression of ClmiR86 in various watermelon genotypes was consistent with their phosphate utilization efficiency. Furthermore, ClmiR86 overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced root growth and phosphate uptake under phosphate starvation and promoted inflorescence elongation under normal conditions. These results suggest that the ClmiR86–ClCIPK5 axis is involved in phosphate starvation response as well as grafting-enhanced growth vigor and phosphate assimilation. The present study provides valuable insights for investigating long-distance signaling and nutrient utilization in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops)
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19 pages, 8152 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome and Proteome Conjoint Analysis Revealed That Exogenous Sulfur Regulates Glucosinolate Synthesis in Cabbage
by Lushan Li, Hui Zhang, Xiaohong Chai, Shouhui Wei, Shilei Luo, Huiping Wang, Jian Lv, Jihua Yu and Zeci Liu
Plants 2021, 10(10), 2104; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102104 - 4 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2385
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLS) are important anionic secondary metabolites that are rich in thiocyanin in cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata. GLS are important in food flavor, plant antimicrobial activity, insect resistance, disease resistance, and human anti-cancer effects. Sulfur is an important raw material of [...] Read more.
Glucosinolates (GLS) are important anionic secondary metabolites that are rich in thiocyanin in cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata. GLS are important in food flavor, plant antimicrobial activity, insect resistance, disease resistance, and human anti-cancer effects. Sulfur is an important raw material of GLS, directly affecting their synthesis. However, the mechanism of sulfur regulation of GLS biosynthesis in cabbage is unclear. In the present study, cabbage was treated with sulfur-free Hoagland nutrient solution (control; −S), and normal Hoagland nutrient solution (treatment; +S). Through joint transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, the effect of exogenous S on GLS synthesis was explored. S application induced GLS accumulation; especially, indole glycosides. Transcriptome analysis showed that +S treatment correlated positively with differentially expressed genes and proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Compared with −S treatment, the mRNA expression of GLS synthesis genes (CYP, GSTU, UGT, and FMO) and those encoding transcription factors (RLK, MYB, AP2, bHLH, AUX/IAA, and WRKY) were upregulated significantly in the +S group. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis suggested that the main pathway influenced by S during GLS synthesis in cabbage is amino acid biosynthesis. Moreover, S treatment activated GLS synthesis and accumulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops)
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8 pages, 3550 KiB  
Opinion
Emerging Strategies Mold Plasticity of Vegetable Plants in Response to High Temperature Stress
by Wen-Feng Nie, Enjie Xing, Jinyu Wang, Yueying Mao, Xiaotao Ding and Jianfei Guo
Plants 2022, 11(7), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070959 - 1 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2548
Abstract
As a result of energy consumption and human activities, a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions has led to global warming, which seriously affects the growth and development of plants. Vegetables are an indispensable part of people’s diet. In the plant kingdom, a [...] Read more.
As a result of energy consumption and human activities, a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions has led to global warming, which seriously affects the growth and development of plants. Vegetables are an indispensable part of people’s diet. In the plant kingdom, a variety of vegetables are highly sensitive to climate change. For them, an increase of just a few degrees above their optimum temperature threshold can result in a loss of yield and quality. Emerging strategies such as practice management and breeding varieties in response to above-optimal temperatures are critical for abiotic stress resistance of vegetable crops. In this study, the function and application of multiple strategies, including breeding improvement, epigenetic modification directed generation of alleles, gene editing techniques, and accumulation of mutations in multigenerational adaptation to abiotic stress, were discussed in vegetable crops. It is believed to be meaningful for plants to build plasticity under high temperature stress, thus generating more genetic structures for heat resistant traits in vegetable products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops)
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