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Grapevine Phenology
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Grapevine Phenology

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 15887

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amber Parker

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
Interests: grapevine phenology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The journal Plants will be publishing a Special Issue on Grapevine Phenology. Earlier grapevine phenology and harvest dates have been reported worldwide in response to increasing temperatures due to climate change. The grapevine, Vitis vinifera L., has great genetic diversity, with approximately 1100 different cultivars grown internationally by the wine industry, which differ in the timing of key phenological stages. Historical phenological observations have been an important part of developing our understanding of the differences in phenology among cultivars. In combining our phenological records with phenological models that integrate climate factors, advances have been made in the effort to characterize cultivar differences and determine cultivar and regional suitability in the context of climate change. Understanding phenology at the global, local, and vineyard scale enables us to deepen our understanding of grapevine phenology from global changes to plant and organ responses. Links between phenology and molecular and biochemical markers have indicated the complexity of defining grapevine phenology by other means than observation, but may present avenues for deepening our understanding of the physiological changes that occur at different phenological stages. With the increased opportunities for precision agriculture application in viticulture, this also represents a new avenue to develop tools and techniques to assess phenology in the future. Thus, considering the high interest in phenology as a key indicator of grapevine suitability to changing environments, this Special Issue aims to contribute to the overall knowledge of grapevine phenology. Key areas of interest include understanding grapevine phenology at different climate scales, grapevine phenology in the context of climate change, the influence of environment and management practices on grapevine phenology, methods and techniques to monitor grapevine phenology, and the characterization of grapevine phenology for different cultivars and different growing regions.

Dr. Amber Parker
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Phenology
  • Phenology models
  • Monitoring phenology Climate
  • Climate change
  • Cultivars
  • Precision agriculture

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7396 KiB  
Article
Influence of Climate Warming on Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Phenology in Conditions of Central Europe (Slovakia)
by Slavko Bernáth, Oleg Paulen, Bernard Šiška, Zuzana Kusá and František Tóth
Plants 2021, 10(5), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10051020 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2929
Abstract
The impact of warming on the phenology of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in conditions of central Europe was evaluated at the locality of Dolné Plachtince in the Slovakian wine region. In Welschriesling and Pinot Blanc model varieties, the onset of phenophases as [...] Read more.
The impact of warming on the phenology of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in conditions of central Europe was evaluated at the locality of Dolné Plachtince in the Slovakian wine region. In Welschriesling and Pinot Blanc model varieties, the onset of phenophases as defined in the BBCH scale over the period of 1985 to 2018 was observed. Based on the data obtained, the influence of the average and average maximum temperature and GDD on the onset of phenophases was evaluated. The results observed indicate earlier budburst by five to seven days, earlier beginning of flowering by 7 to 10 days, earlier berry softening by 18 days, and harvest dates advanced by 8 to 10 days on average. In both varieties, the highest influence of the average monthly temperature in March on budburst, the highest influence of the average monthly temperature and the average maximum temperature in May on the beginning of flowering, and the highest statistically significant influence of the average maximum temperature in June on the softening of berries was found. Warming observed in moderate climate conditions of northern wine regions in central Europe (Slovakia) has not yet caused changes in the grapevine phenology stable enough to require serious adaptation measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Phenology)
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13 pages, 1084 KiB  
Article
Heat Unit Requirements of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape: A Tool to Predict Its Harvest Period in Protected Cultivation
by Francisca Alonso, Fernando M. Chiamolera, Juan J. Hueso, Mónica González and Julián Cuevas
Plants 2021, 10(5), 904; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050904 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4208
Abstract
Greenhouse cultivation of table grapes is a challenge due to difficulties imposed by their perennial habit and chilling requirements. Despite difficulties, greenhouse cultivation allows ripening long before that in the open field. Nonetheless, for harvesting “Flame Seedless” in the most profitable periods, a [...] Read more.
Greenhouse cultivation of table grapes is a challenge due to difficulties imposed by their perennial habit and chilling requirements. Despite difficulties, greenhouse cultivation allows ripening long before that in the open field. Nonetheless, for harvesting “Flame Seedless” in the most profitable periods, a cultural practices timetable has to be established. In this context, an estimation of development rate as a function of temperature becomes essential. This work puts forward a procedure to determine “Flame Seedless” threshold temperatures and heat requirements from bud break to ripening. “Flame Seedless” required an average of 1633 growing degree days (GDD) in the open field with a base temperature of 5 °C and an upper threshold temperature of 30 °C. Strikingly, only 1542 GDD were required within the greenhouse. This procedure forecast “Flame Seedless” ripening with an accuracy of three and six days in the open field and greenhouse, improving predictions based on the average number of days between bud break and ripening. The procedure to predict oncoming harvest date was found satisfactory, just four days earlier than the real date. If we used the typical meteorological year instead of the average year, then the prediction was greatly improved since harvest was forecast just one day before its occurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Phenology)
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18 pages, 1304 KiB  
Article
Phenological Model to Predict Budbreak and Flowering Dates of Four Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars Cultivated in DO. Ribeiro (North-West Spain)
by Alba Piña-Rey, Helena Ribeiro, María Fernández-González, Ilda Abreu and F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo
Plants 2021, 10(3), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030502 - 8 Mar 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3452
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the thermal requirements of the most important grapevine varieties in northwestern Spain to better understand the impact of climate change on their phenology. Different phenological models (GDD, GDD Triangular and UniFORC) were tested and validated [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to assess the thermal requirements of the most important grapevine varieties in northwestern Spain to better understand the impact of climate change on their phenology. Different phenological models (GDD, GDD Triangular and UniFORC) were tested and validated to predict budburst and flowering dates of grapevines at the variety level using phenological observations collected from Treixadura, Godello, Loureira and Albariño between 2008 and 2019. The same modeling framework was assessed to obtain the most suitable model for this region. The parametrization of the models was carried out with the Phenological Modeling Platform (PMP) platform by means of an iterative optimization process. Phenological data for all four varieties were used to determine the best-fitted parameters for each variety and model type that best predicted budburst and flowering dates. A model calibration phase was conducted using each variety dataset independently, where the intermediate-fitted parameters for each model formulation were freely-adjusted. Afterwards, the parameter set combination of the model providing the highest performance for each variety was externally validated with the dataset of the other three varieties, which allowed us to establish one overall unique model for budburst and flowering for all varieties. Finally, the performance of this model was compared with the attained one while considering all varieties in one dataset (12 years × 4 varieties giving a total number of observations of 48). For both phenological stages, the results showed no considerable differences between the GDD and Triangular GDD models. The best parameters selected were those provided by the Treixadura GDD model for budburst (day of the year (t0) = 49 and base temperature (Tb) = 5) and those corresponding to the Godello model (t0 = 52 and Tb = 6) for flowering. The modeling approach employed allowed obtaining a global prediction model that can adequately predict budburst and flowering dates for all varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Phenology)
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17 pages, 4152 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Grapevine Age (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel) on Phenology and Gas Exchange Parameters over Consecutive Growing Seasons
by Vegas Riffle, Nathaniel Palmer, L. Federico Casassa and Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson
Plants 2021, 10(2), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020311 - 5 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3714
Abstract
Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine [...] Read more.
Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine age on phenology and gas exchange parameters. An interplanted, dry farmed, Zinfandel vineyard block under consistent management practices in the Central Coast of California was evaluated over two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments included Young vines (5 to 12 years old), Control (representative proportion of young to old vines in the block), and Old vines (40 to 60 years old). Phenology, leaf water potential, and gas exchange parameters were tracked. Results indicated a difference in phenological progression after berry set between Young and Old vines. Young vines progressed more slowly during berry formation and more rapidly during berry ripening, resulting in Young vines being harvested before Old vines due to variation in the timing of sugar accumulation. No differences in leaf water potential were found. Young vines had higher mid-day stomatal conductance and tended to have higher mid-day photosynthetic rates. The results of this study suggest vine age is a factor in phenological timing and growing season length. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Phenology)
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