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Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development
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Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 October 2024) | Viewed by 8379

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Deyu Qian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: rock mechanics and ground control; underground space engineering; grouting engineering; pipe-jacking engineering; surrounding rock control for roadways
Dr. Zhiyi Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830046, China
Interests: stability control of the underground space; backfill mining; underground pressure and strata behaviour; mining environment and reclamation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development and utilization of underground space resources is an inevitable necessity for human beings to achieve sustainable development, and has become a national strategic demand of many countries. The planning and design related to the stability of the surrounding rock in an underground space are interesting topics that play a key role in urban infrastructure, the safe production of underground mines, and the reuse of abandoned mines.

Underground space has considerable impacts on land use; social, environmental, and economic development; urban sustainability; and underground mines which are important topics to explore. In addition, the underground space and infrastructure developed in different urban settings and underground mines may have unique characteristics that require further investigation.

In recent years, the increasing number of studies and practices related to the planning and development of underground space worldwide has provided an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the relationship between underground space utilisation and sustainable development. We propose a wide-ranging topic that can be summarized as “Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development”. This highly interdisciplinary theme can, therefore, involve a wide scientific audience, from geologists to mining, urban, environmental and management engineers, as well as economists and educators.

This Special Issue invites submissions of articles that contribute to a better understanding of the planning and development of urban underground space for sustainable cities and underground mines. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Deyu Qian
Dr. Zhiyi Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • deep underground space and urban sustainability
  • pipe-jacking method for underground space construction； large deformation mechanism and countermeasures for roadways under high stress and mining disturbance
  • theory and technology of intelligent and rapid excavation for underground space and roadways
  • planning and design of underground space for sustainable cities and underground mines
  • utilization of underground space resources in abandoned underground mines
  • policy, economic, safety, and environmental aspects of urban underground space and mines

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

37 pages, 16407 KiB  
Article
Digital Twin Technology in Data Center Simulations: Evaluating the Feasibility of a Former Mine Site
by Hajime Ikeda, Nur Ellisha Binti Mokhtar, Brian Bino Sinaice, Muhammad Ahsan Mahboob, Hisatoshi Toriya, Tsuyoshi Adachi and Youhei Kawamura
Sustainability 2023, 15(23), 16176; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316176 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1426
Abstract
Mining activities often deem mine sites as temporary, leading to their eventual reclamation, rehabilitation, or abandonment. This study innovates by proposing the re-purposing of the disused Osarizawa mine in Akita, Japan, leveraging its consistently low tunnel temperatures to establish a data center, thereby [...] Read more.
Mining activities often deem mine sites as temporary, leading to their eventual reclamation, rehabilitation, or abandonment. This study innovates by proposing the re-purposing of the disused Osarizawa mine in Akita, Japan, leveraging its consistently low tunnel temperatures to establish a data center, thereby offering a sustainable economic avenue to offset reclamation costs. We assessed the feasibility of this transformation by gathering comprehensive environmental data from the site and conducting meticulous ventilation simulations. These simulations explored various scenarios encompassing diverse ventilation configurations, data server room dimensions, thermal outputs, and the inherent cooling capabilities of the proposed humid rooms. By juxtaposing the simulation outcomes with the criteria set forth in the ASHRAE 2011 Thermal Guidelines, we pinpointed the optimal parameters that satisfy the stringent temperature and relative humidity prerequisites essential for a data center’s operation. This research underscores the potential of reimagining abandoned mine sites as strategic assets, providing economic benefits while adhering to critical data center infrastructure standards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development)
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36 pages, 38087 KiB  
Article
Performance of the Flexible and Rigid Lining under Earthquake Impact and Weakness of the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) Principles, a Specific Case Study of the Bolu Tunnel
by Ebu Bekir Aygar
Sustainability 2023, 15(21), 15544; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115544 - 1 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1294
Abstract
The Bolu tunnel is located between the Istanbul-Ankara Highway and its construction took approximately 13 years. Since the beginning of the tunnel excavation, serious deformations and stability problems have been encountered. The basis of the problems encountered during the tunnel excavation is the [...] Read more.
The Bolu tunnel is located between the Istanbul-Ankara Highway and its construction took approximately 13 years. Since the beginning of the tunnel excavation, serious deformations and stability problems have been encountered. The basis of the problems encountered during the tunnel excavation is the fact that the geological units through which the tunnel passes are very weak and fault lines cut the tunnel location. The fault lines pass through secondary faults in the seismically active North Anatolian Fault. At these fault crossings, deformations occurred continuously so that revisions had to be made in the support systems. The 12 November 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on the Düzce fault and a surface rupture 40 km long was caused. The rupture terminated 1.5 km west of the tunnel; it did not reach the tunnel. Throughout the earthquake, instances of collapse occurred at the areas excavated on the fault line at the entrance of Elmalık and where the deformations exceeded 1.0 m; this section of the tunnel had to be abandoned. After these problems, a new improved design for tunnel excavation was developed. These new support systems, which are Bernold lining and bench pilot tunnel systems, contain allowance for rigid lining that is the opposite of the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM) principles. Within the scope of this study, the causes of the collapse in the tunnel are investigated and the effect of the Düzce earthquake on the tunnel is discussed. Also, the applicability of the NATM in tunnels excavated on weak zones is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development)
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22 pages, 12447 KiB  
Article
Stress-Relief–Anchor-Grouting, a Collaborative Control Technology for Severe Extrusion Floor Heave in a Deep Roadway: A Case Study
by Donghuang Shang, Meng Wang, Dawei Li, Chunsheng Yu, Shiyi Huang, Jie Li, Sijiang Wei and Liuan Zhao
Sustainability 2023, 15(17), 13053; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713053 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1105
Abstract
Severe extrusion floor heave is the most common type of failure of floors in deep roadways, and it is also a major problem restricting the safe and efficient mining of deep coal resources. In deep roadways, reducing floor stress is an effective means [...] Read more.
Severe extrusion floor heave is the most common type of failure of floors in deep roadways, and it is also a major problem restricting the safe and efficient mining of deep coal resources. In deep roadways, reducing floor stress is an effective means to control floor heave. In this study, the method of creating directional stress-relief zones by constructing stress-relief boreholes is applied; while the stress is released, the path of stress from the ribs transferred to the floor and to the extrusion failure path is cut off, and floor heave control is achieved. Therefore, based on the stress-boundary and rock-mass parameters of the roadway, the control effects of the borehole angle, length, diameter, and row spacing on the extrusion floor heave were studied, and the reasonable thresholds of borehole parameters were shown to ensure the stress-relief effect on the roadway. In addition, the bolt-grouting technology was used to strengthen the floor of the roadway, the broken surrounding rock was modified via grouting consolidation, the support strength of the floor was increased using high-tension bolts (cable), and there was a good floor heave control effect in the field application. On the basis of traditional floor reinforcement, the control effect of stress regulation on floor heave is fully considered in this study, and stress-relief–anchor-grouting, a collaborative control technology for floor heave in deep roadways, is developed. Based on the three factors affecting the stability of deep roadways (stress, lithology, and support), the collaborative prevention and control of severe extrusion floor heave were realized, which provides a new method for deep roadway floor heave control and has good application value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development)
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23 pages, 6729 KiB  
Article
Ground Settlement Law, Jacking Force Prediction, and Control Countermeasures for Large-Section Rectangular Pipe Jacking of National Highway Underpass
by Deyu Qian, Hexi Jiao, Zexiang Li, Yingli Zhu, Jiale Liu, Zhenglong Chen, Xing Gao, Hongwang Liu, Baihong Tao and Zixiang Xu
Sustainability 2023, 15(17), 12888; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712888 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1583
Abstract
The rectangular pipe jacking method is an efficient, green, trenchless technology for constructing urban underground space. However, some problems, including the high jacking resistance, the instability of the tunneling face, and excessive ground settlement during the large-section rectangular pipe jacking for the underpass [...] Read more.
The rectangular pipe jacking method is an efficient, green, trenchless technology for constructing urban underground space. However, some problems, including the high jacking resistance, the instability of the tunneling face, and excessive ground settlement during the large-section rectangular pipe jacking for the underpass of national highways, seriously affect construction safety and traffic. Based on the engineering background of the large-section rectangular pipe jacking in constructing the subway entrance tunnel of Guangzhou Metro Line 7, this work adopts the methods of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, and engineering application. Five kinds of mechanical models for pipe soil slurry interactions in rectangular pipe jacking are analyzed. An evaluation of the applicability of the jacking force prediction of the different models is conducted. Moreover, the ground settlement law for the large-section rectangular pipe jacking for the underpass of national highways under different influencing factors, including slurry sleeve thickness, grouting pressure, and earth chamber pressure, is revealed. The control countermeasures of the ground settlements, such as installing a waterproof rubber curtain for the tunnel portal, pipe jacking machine receiving techniques, thixotropic slurry for reducing friction resistance, and soil stability at the tunneling face, are carried out. The results show that there is no need to install an intermediate jacking station in the large-section rectangular pipe jacking project with a jacking distance of 63 m. The most reasonable thickness of the thixotropic slurry sleeve is about 150 mm. The most reasonable grouting pressure range is 600–700 kPa. An earth chamber pressure of about 153 kPa is more reasonable to control the soil stability of the tunneling face. The engineering practice shows that the maximum ground settlement of the national highway during jacking is 10 mm. The maintenance effect is excellent, and the traffic operates normally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development)
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14 pages, 3070 KiB  
Article
Challenges Related to the Transformation of Post-Mining Underground Workings into Underground Laboratories
by Martyna Konieczna-Fuławka, Marcin Szumny, Krzysztof Fuławka, Izabela Jaśkiewicz-Proć, Katarzyna Pactwa, Aleksandra Kozłowska-Woszczycka, Jari Joutsenvaara and Päivi Aro
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10274; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310274 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
Underground mines are a vital part of the European raw material industry. The subsurface mining process is related to the large-scale development of underground structures like tunnels, chambers, workings, etc. These structures are abandoned or liquidated during the process of exploitation or after [...] Read more.
Underground mines are a vital part of the European raw material industry. The subsurface mining process is related to the large-scale development of underground structures like tunnels, chambers, workings, etc. These structures are abandoned or liquidated during the process of exploitation or after the termination of works. Still, due to the unique environment, post-mining facilities may be adopted for different purposes. There are few examples of implementations of this capacity in practical terms such as underground laboratories (ULs), energy storages, landfills of dangerous wastes, or food production plants. Unfortunately, the unique environment offered by underground space is also related to the occurrence of exceptional hazards, like seismicity and ground control problems, gases, floods, the lack of natural ventilation, and high temperatures. This results in low interest in investing in such facilities. Within this paper, some ways to repurpose underground mines have been presented, and possible challenges that need to be faced have been described. An extensive database of threats to post-mining repurposing and ways to mitigate them has been prepared based on surveys and interviews conducted with representatives of currently existing Uls and mining companies and a literature review. Finally, this manuscript provides a general look at post-mining infrastructure in Europe’s current situation and in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underground Space Planning and Design for Sustainable Development)
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