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Symmetry
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Symmetry Fluid Dynamics in Materials and Metallurgical Processes
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Symmetry Fluid Dynamics in Materials and Metallurgical Processes

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1807

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chao Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Interests: process modeling; clean steel; inclusions; CFD; physical model; tundish; ladle refining; stainless steel
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Toshio Tagawa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; magnetohydrodynamics; modeling of interfacial flows; thermal convection; thermocappilary convection; centrifugal force; taylor–couette flow; boundary layer; transition stability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In materials and metallurgical processes, fluid flow and fluid dynamics are very important in the process units. For example, the ironmaking blast furnaces, primary steelmaking furnaces, secondary steelmaking, continuous casting in the steel industry, flash smelting, electrolysis in the copper industry, the Bayer process in the stirred leaching reactor, electrolysis, and casting in the aluminum industry. The symmetry or asymmetry of fluid flow in reactors, for example, a basic oxygen convertor, gas stirred ladles, or mechanical stirring reactor, is very important for heat and mass transfer as well as product property improvement.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) iron and steel, aluminum, and copper materials and metallurgical processes. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Chao Chen
Dr. Toshio Tagawa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fluid dynamics
  • metallurgy
  • material processes
  • steelmaking
  • ladle refining
  • continuous casting
  • coppermaking
  • physical modeling
  • CFD

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 14137 KiB  
Article
Bubble Behavior and Surface Liquid Film Characteristics of Air Bubbles Crossing the Oil–Water Interface
by Yixin Li, Bin Jiang, Xiaoming Xiao, Na Yang, Yongli Sun and Luhong Zhang
Symmetry 2024, 16(12), 1564; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121564 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 343
Abstract
The interaction of bubbles with phase interfaces is an important phenomenon in science and industry. In this paper, the variation in bubble behavior and the characteristics of surface liquid film formation and shedding at the oil–water interface are investigated using bubble visualization high-speed [...] Read more.
The interaction of bubbles with phase interfaces is an important phenomenon in science and industry. In this paper, the variation in bubble behavior and the characteristics of surface liquid film formation and shedding at the oil–water interface are investigated using bubble visualization high-speed photography and numerical simulation. The results show that the bubble rise trajectories can be divided into three different sets when the bubbles rise in a system composed of two mutually incompatible liquids, and the bubble shapes are more stable in white oil compared to water. During the passage of the bubble across the oil–water interface, the water phase is entrained to form a liquid film covering the bubble. We found that the change in the bubble liquid film and the collapse process of the water column are closely related to the bubble size. The trends of Eotvos (Eo) numbers for bubbles of different diameters in the oil–water coexistence system are approximately the same, with the Eo numbers of larger bubbles being much larger than those corresponding to smaller bubbles, from the beginning to the end. After crossing the oil–water interface, the Eo number of larger-diameter bubbles keeps fluctuating over a long distance before finally stabilizing. The Eo number of small-diameter bubbles remains essentially stable after crossing the oil–water interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Fluid Dynamics in Materials and Metallurgical Processes)
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34 pages, 27876 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Measured Mixing Time in a Water Model of Eccentric Gas-Stirred Ladle with a Low Gas Flow Rate: Tendency of Salt Solution Tracer Dispersions
by Xin Tao, Hongyu Qi, Zhijie Guo, Jia Wang, Xiaoge Wang, Jundi Yang, Qi Zhao, Wanming Lin, Kun Yang and Chao Chen
Symmetry 2024, 16(9), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091241 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1018
Abstract
The measurement of mixing time in a water model of soft-stirring steelmaking ladles is practically facing a problem of bad repeatability. This uncertainty severely affects both the understandings of transport phenomenon in ladles and the measurement accuracy. Scaled down by a ratio of [...] Read more.
The measurement of mixing time in a water model of soft-stirring steelmaking ladles is practically facing a problem of bad repeatability. This uncertainty severely affects both the understandings of transport phenomenon in ladles and the measurement accuracy. Scaled down by a ratio of 1:4, a water model based on an industrial 260-ton ladle is used. This paper studies the transport process paths and mixing time of salt solution tracers in the water model of eccentric gas-stirred ladles with a low gas flow rate. After a large number of repeated experiments, the different transport paths of the tracer and the error of the mixing time in each transport path are discussed and compared with the numerical simulation results. The results of a large number of repeated experiments on the water model show that there are five transport paths for the tracer in the ladle. The tracer of the first path is mainly transported by the left-side main circulation flow, which is identical to the numerical simulation results. The tracer of the second and third paths are also mainly transported by the left-side circulation flow, but bifurcations occur when the tracer in the middle area is transported downward. In the third path, the portion and intensity of the tracer transferring to the right side from the central region is higher than in the second path. The fourth path is that the tracer is transported downward from the left, middle, and right sides with a similar intensity at the same time. While the tracer in the fifth path is mainly transported on the right side, and the tracer forms a clockwise circulation flow on the right side. The mixing times from the first transport path to the fifth transport path are 158.3 s, 149.7 s, 171.7 s, 134 s and 95.7 s, respectively, among which the third transport path and the fifth transport path are the maximum and minimum values among all transport paths. The error between the mixing time and the averaged mixing time at each monitoring point in the five transport paths of the tracer is between −34.7% and 40.9%. Furthermore, the error of the averaged mixing time of each path and the path-based average value is between 5.5% and 32.6%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Fluid Dynamics in Materials and Metallurgical Processes)
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