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Universe
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Many Body Theory
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Many Body Theory

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 15943

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maria Benedetta Barbaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physics Department, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
Interests: nuclear and many-body physics; electroweak interactions in nuclei; nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus scattering; relativistic modeling of the nuclear dynamics; parity violating electron scattering
Dr. Marco Martini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IPSA and LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Interests: nuclear physics; neutrinos
Dr. Arturo De Pace

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
Interests: many body theory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of many-body quantum systems covers a broad spectrum of fields, ranging from nuclear to condensed matter physics and astrophysics.

This Special Issue of Universe will focus on the applications of many-body theory to nuclear and hadronic physics in its different aspects, bringing together various topics such as low-energy nuclear structure, nuclear responses to leptonic and hadronic probes, and the formation of quark–gluon plasma under extreme density and temperature.

In recent years, the study of different energy and temperature regimes has triggered the development of novel techniques and computational methods. Advances in computational power have provided new perspectives for high-performance calculations that have applications in the many-body physics of theoretical approaches, which were previously limited to few-body systems.

For example, ab initio methods can now be applied to study nuclei as heavy as C12 or beyond; mean-field based calculations allow us to study electroweak excitations across the whole nuclear chart and to explore the properties of exotic nuclei, which is of particular interest for astrophysics; relativistic many-body calculations can be employed to describe neutrino-nucleus scattering in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments at FERMILAB and J-PARC; finite-temperature quantum field theory is used to model high-energy proton–proton and heavy-ion collisions at CERN and RHIC.

Recent developments of these methods will be presented and discussed in connection with ongoing and planned experiments.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the art and to outline future developments. Although the focus is on the theoretical aspects of many-body physics, contributions connected to experiments, and those pointing to future developments needed for a better understanding of experimental results, are particularly encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Maria Benedetta Barbaro
Dr. Marco Martini
Dr. Arturo De Pace
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • many-body theory
  • nuclear physics
  • nuclear structure
  • ab initio methods
  • electron scattering
  • neutrino scattering
  • quark–gluon plasma
  • mean-field-based calculations

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

11 pages, 334 KiB  
Article
Hartree–Fock Calculations in Semi-Infinite Matter with Gogny Interactions
by Dany Davesne, Alessandro Pastore and Jesus Navarro
Universe 2023, 9(9), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9090398 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 904
Abstract
Hartree–Fock equations in semi-infinite nuclear matter for finite range Gogny interactions are presented together with a detailed numerical scheme to solve them. The value of the surface energy is then extracted and given for standard Gogny interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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18 pages, 498 KiB  
Article
Properties of Hot Nuclear Matter
by Omar Benhar, Alessandro Lovato and Lucas Tonetto
Universe 2023, 9(8), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9080345 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 888
Abstract
A fully quantitative description of the equilibrium and dynamical properties of hot nuclear matter will be needed for the interpretation of the available and forthcoming astrophysical data, providing information on the post-merger phase of a neutron star coalescence. We discuss the results of [...] Read more.
A fully quantitative description of the equilibrium and dynamical properties of hot nuclear matter will be needed for the interpretation of the available and forthcoming astrophysical data, providing information on the post-merger phase of a neutron star coalescence. We discuss the results of a recently developed theoretical model, based on a phenomenological nuclear Hamiltonian including two- and three-nucleon potentials, to study the temperature dependence of average and single-particle properties of nuclear matter relevant to astrophysical applications. The potential of the proposed approach for describing dissipative processes leading to the appearance of bulk viscosity in neutron star matter is also outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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21 pages, 680 KiB  
Article
Weak Neutrino (Antineutrino) Charged-Current Responses and Scaling for Nuclear Matter in the Relativistic Mean Field
by Sara Cruz-Barrios, Guillermo D. Megias and Juan A. Caballero
Universe 2023, 9(5), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9050240 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1089
Abstract
A systematic analysis of the weak responses for charged-current quasielastic neutrino-nucleus reactions is presented within the scheme of a fully relativistic microscopic model considering momentum-dependent scalar and vector mean field potentials in both the initial and final nucleon states. The responses obtained are [...] Read more.
A systematic analysis of the weak responses for charged-current quasielastic neutrino-nucleus reactions is presented within the scheme of a fully relativistic microscopic model considering momentum-dependent scalar and vector mean field potentials in both the initial and final nucleon states. The responses obtained are compared with the ones corresponding to simpler approaches: energy-independent potentials and the relativistic plane wave limit in the final state, i.e., no potentials applied to the outgoing particle. The analysis is also extended to the scaling phenomenon, which provides additional information regarding nuclear dynamics. Results for the scaling function are shown for various nuclei and different values of the transferred momentum in order to analyze the behavior of the relativistic scalar and vector mean field potentials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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20 pages, 2481 KiB  
Article
Cross Sections for Coherent Elastic and Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
by Nils Van Dessel, Vishvas Pandey, Heather Ray and Natalie Jachowicz
Universe 2023, 9(5), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9050207 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2013
Abstract
The prospects of extracting new physics signals in coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEνNS) processes are limited by the precision with which the underlying nuclear structure physics, embedded in the weak nuclear form factor, is known. We present calculations of charge and [...] Read more.
The prospects of extracting new physics signals in coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEνNS) processes are limited by the precision with which the underlying nuclear structure physics, embedded in the weak nuclear form factor, is known. We present calculations of charge and weak nuclear form factors and CEνNS cross sections on 12C, 16O, 40Ar, 56Fe and 208Pb nuclei. We obtain the proton and neutron densities, and charge and weak form factors by solving Hartree–Fock (HF) equations with a Skyrme (SkE2) nuclear potential. We validate our approach by comparing 208Pb and 40Ar charge form factor predictions with available elastic electron scattering data. Since CEνNS experiments at stopped-pion sources are also well suited to measure inelastic charged–current and neutral–current neutrino–nucleus cross sections, we also present calculations for these processes, incorporating a continuum Random Phase Approximation (CRPA) description on top of the HF–SkE2 picture of the nucleus. Providing both coherent as well as inelastic cross sections in a consistent framework, we aim at obtaining a reliable and detailed comparison of the strength of these processes in the energy region below 100 MeV. Furthermore, we attempt to gauge the level of theoretical uncertainty pertaining to the description of the 40Ar form factor and CEνNS cross sections by comparing relative differences between recent microscopic nuclear theory and widely-used phenomenological form factor predictions. Future precision measurements of CEνNS will potentially help in constraining these nuclear structure details that will in turn improve prospects of extracting new physics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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20 pages, 639 KiB  
Article
Improved Superscaling in Quasielastic Electron Scattering with Relativistic Effective Mass
by Paloma Rodriguez Casale, Jose E. Amaro, Victor L. Martinez-Consentino and Ignacio Ruiz Simo
Universe 2023, 9(4), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9040158 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1349
Abstract
Superscaling in electron scattering from nuclei is re-examined, paying special attention to the definition of the averaged single-nucleon responses. The validity of the extrapolation of nucleon responses in the Fermi gas has been examined, which previously lacked a theoretical foundation. To address this [...] Read more.
Superscaling in electron scattering from nuclei is re-examined, paying special attention to the definition of the averaged single-nucleon responses. The validity of the extrapolation of nucleon responses in the Fermi gas has been examined, which previously lacked a theoretical foundation. To address this issue, we introduce new averaged responses with a momentum distribution smeared around the Fermi surface, allowing for momenta above the Fermi momentum. This approach solves the problem of negativity in the extrapolation away from the scaling region and, at the same time, validates its use in the scaling analysis. This work has important implications for the interpretation of scaling data and contributes to the development of a more complete understanding of the scaling approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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Review

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27 pages, 3402 KiB  
Review
Lepton–Nucleus Interactions within Microscopic Approaches
by Alessandro Lovato, Alexis Nikolakopoulos, Noemi Rocco and Noah Steinberg
Universe 2023, 9(8), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9080367 - 9 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2153
Abstract
This review paper emphasizes the significance of microscopic calculations with quantified theoretical error estimates in studying lepton–nucleus interactions and their implications for electron scattering and accelerator neutrino oscillation measurements. We investigate two approaches: Green’s Function Monte Carlo and the extended factorization scheme, utilizing [...] Read more.
This review paper emphasizes the significance of microscopic calculations with quantified theoretical error estimates in studying lepton–nucleus interactions and their implications for electron scattering and accelerator neutrino oscillation measurements. We investigate two approaches: Green’s Function Monte Carlo and the extended factorization scheme, utilizing realistic nuclear target spectral functions. In our study, we include relativistic effects in Green’s Function Monte Carlo and validate the inclusive electron scattering cross section on carbon using available data. We compare the flux-folded cross sections for neutrino-carbon scattering with T2K and MINERνA experiments, noting the substantial impact of relativistic effects in reducing the theoretical curve strength when compared to MINERνA data. Additionally, we demonstrate that quantum Monte Carlo-based spectral functions accurately reproduce the quasi-elastic region in electron scattering data and T2K flux-folded cross sections. By comparing results from Green’s Function Monte Carlo and the spectral function approach, which share a similar initial target state description, we quantify errors associated with approximations in the factorization scheme and the relativistic treatment of kinematics in Green’s Function Monte Carlo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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36 pages, 702 KiB  
Review
The Interrelated Roles of Correlations in the Nuclear Equation of State and in Response Functions: Application to a Chiral Confining Theory
by Guy Chanfray, Magda Ericson and Marco Martini
Universe 2023, 9(7), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9070316 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 952
Abstract
We study the role of short-range correlations, as well as pion and rho loops governing long-range RPA correlations, in nuclear matter properties and response functions. We use an adapted formulation of the Brueckner G-matrix approach to generate a pair correlation function satisfying [...] Read more.
We study the role of short-range correlations, as well as pion and rho loops governing long-range RPA correlations, in nuclear matter properties and response functions. We use an adapted formulation of the Brueckner G-matrix approach to generate a pair correlation function satisfying the Beg–Agassi–Gal theorem, providing a natural cutoff to the loop integrals. We present results for the case of a relativistic chiral theory, including the effects of quark confinement and of the chirally broken vacuum in a version where parameters are directly connected to QCD observables or constrained by well-established hadron phenomenology. This provides a unified and coherent view of the nuclear matter equation of state and the effect of correlations on neutrino–nucleus scattering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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61 pages, 650 KiB  
Review
Introducing the Random Phase Approximation Theory
by Giampaolo Co’
Universe 2023, 9(3), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9030141 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4152
Abstract
Random Phase Approximation (RPA) is the theory most commonly used to describe the excitations of many-body systems. In this article, the secular equations of the theory are obtained by using three different approaches: the equation of motion method, the Green function perturbation theory [...] Read more.
Random Phase Approximation (RPA) is the theory most commonly used to describe the excitations of many-body systems. In this article, the secular equations of the theory are obtained by using three different approaches: the equation of motion method, the Green function perturbation theory and the time-dependent Hartree–Fock theory. Each approach emphasizes specific aspects of the theory overlooked by the other methods. Extensions of the RPA secular equations to treat the continuum part of the excitation spectrum and also the pairing between the particles composing the system are presented. Theoretical approaches which overcome the intrinsic approximations of RPA are outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

13 pages, 412 KiB  
Perspective
High-Energy Lepton Scattering and Nuclear Structure Issues
by Thomas W. Donnelly
Universe 2023, 9(4), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9040196 - 20 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1171
Abstract
High-energy lepton scattering constitutes the focus of this study. Developments are provided to motivate the basic choices of kinematic variables for the particular case of semi-inclusive electron scattering where these variables are devised to match well with the underlying dynamics to be expected [...] Read more.
High-energy lepton scattering constitutes the focus of this study. Developments are provided to motivate the basic choices of kinematic variables for the particular case of semi-inclusive electron scattering where these variables are devised to match well with the underlying dynamics to be expected for the general “nuclear landscape”. Various nuclear structure issues and other issues related to the nature of the electroweak currents at high energies are then discussed, as are some of the issues related to the different conditions occurring for electron scattering versus what is typically the case for charge-changing neutrino reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Theory)
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