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Veterinary Sciences
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Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care
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Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Biomedical Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 22816

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jaco Bakker

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
Interests: veterinary; infectious diseases; medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Melissa A. de la Garza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Independent Researcher, San Antonio, TX 78216, USA
Interests: nonhuman primates; veterinary medicine; animal welfare; chronic disease; ‘The 3Rs’

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue of Veterinary Sciences, entitled Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care.

Nonhuman primate medicine and care is progressively becoming a dominant field in animal science, as welfare has attracted the growing attention of the international community at large, including zoo visitors, animal managers and all manner of others involved in the care of nonhuman primates. Updates and novelties about new pharmaceuticals, surgical and imaging techniques, treatment strategies of disorders and diseases, and nutrition, as well as knowledge of specific animal behavioral needs, are often initially described in human medicine and eventually become documented in nonhuman primate species. In some cases, these various modalities result in similarities and specificities in monkeys, and in other cases, result in totally different and sometimes unexpected outcomes. It is imperative that all of the results of these new trends, both positive and negative, are published, as laboratory animal professionals, wildlife experts and the general scientific community stand to learn from them, including negative results. Providing all trends in nonhuman primate medicines and care will improve welfare in captive, free-ranging and wild nonhuman primates.

This Special Issue will provide the latest updates in veterinary care in nonhuman primates, improving their welfare and enhancing their management.

Dr. Jaco Bakker
Dr. Melissa A. de la Garza
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nonhuman primates
  • wildlife
  • welfare
  • medicine
  • imaging
  • surgery
  • diseases
  • diagnostics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 18378 KiB  
Article
Topographical Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)—Part II: Pelvic Limb
by Christophe Casteleyn, Nina Robin and Jaco Bakker
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(3), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10030172 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5973
Abstract
The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is a widely used model in biomedical research because its anatomy and physiology bear many similarities to those of humans. Extensive knowledge of the anatomy of this nonhuman primate species is not only required for the [...] Read more.
The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is a widely used model in biomedical research because its anatomy and physiology bear many similarities to those of humans. Extensive knowledge of the anatomy of this nonhuman primate species is not only required for the correct interpretation of obtained research data but also valuable for the welfare of captive individuals housed in, e.g., zoos. As anatomical publications on the rhesus monkey are hardly available, outdated and provide only line drawings or black-and-white photographs, the anatomy of the rhesus monkey was readdressed in this study. The various anatomical structures are described in relation to each other topographically per hindlimb region. The hip region, the upper limb, the knee, the lower limb and the foot are described from various perspectives. The structures that are visible in the different layers, from the superficial to the deepest layer, were photographed. Although the anatomy of the hindlimbs of rhesus monkeys and humans are remarkably similar, various subtle dissimilarities have been observed. Consequently, an open-access publication that focuses on the anatomy of the rhesus monkey would be highly valued by both biomedical researchers and veterinarians. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care)
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29 pages, 4938 KiB  
Article
Topographical Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)—Part I: Thoracic Limb
by Christophe Casteleyn, Charlotte Gram and Jaco Bakker
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020164 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4437
Abstract
Since the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is genetically closely related to man, it is generally accepted that its anatomy and physiology are largely similar to that of humans. Consequently, this non-human primate is most commonly used as a model in biomedical [...] Read more.
Since the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is genetically closely related to man, it is generally accepted that its anatomy and physiology are largely similar to that of humans. Consequently, this non-human primate is most commonly used as a model in biomedical research. Not only the validation of the obtained research data, but also the welfare of the captive rhesus monkeys are subject to thorough anatomical knowledge of this species. Unfortunately, anatomical literature on the rhesus monkey is scarce, outdated, and hardly available at present. Furthermore, its anatomy is only illustrated by means of line drawings or black-and-white photographs. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the thoracic limb of the rhesus monkey topographically, studying the various anatomical structures in relation to each other. In this manuscript, the anatomy of the thoracic limb is described per region. The structures that are visible on the different layers, from the superficial to the deepest layer, are described both in text and in numerous color images. As expected, the anatomy of the rhesus monkey is almost identical to human anatomy. However, some striking differences have been identified. This supports the necessity for an extensive publication on the anatomy of the rhesus monkey. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care)
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9 pages, 2597 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects after Intramuscular Administration of Three Different Doses of Telazol® in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
by Anna Goodroe, Jaco Bakker, Edmond J. Remarque, Corinna N. Ross and Diana Scorpio
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(2), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020116 - 3 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2310
Abstract
Marmosets’ small body size makes anesthesia challenging. Ideally, small volumes of drugs should be administered intramuscularly (i.m.). In addition, dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia are desirable properties for sedatives and anesthetics in marmosets. Telazol® (tiletamine and zolazepam) is highly concentrated, allowing the use [...] Read more.
Marmosets’ small body size makes anesthesia challenging. Ideally, small volumes of drugs should be administered intramuscularly (i.m.). In addition, dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia are desirable properties for sedatives and anesthetics in marmosets. Telazol® (tiletamine and zolazepam) is highly concentrated, allowing the use of small injection volumes and dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia. A randomized, blinded study with crossover design in ten healthy adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was performed to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of three doses of i.m. Telazol® (respectively, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg). Depth of anesthesia, cardiorespiratory effects, and induction, immobilization, and recovery times were determined. A significant difference was observed in immobilization time between 5 and 15 mg/kg of Telazol®. In addition, 15 mg/kg of Telazol® resulted in increased recovery times compared to 5 mg/kg. The cardiorespiratory effects during the first 45 min of immobilization were within clinically acceptable limits. The pedal withdrawal reflex was the best indicator of the anesthetic depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care)
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15 pages, 1519 KiB  
Article
Overweight Management through Mild Caloric Restriction in Multigenerational Long-Tailed Macaque Breeding Groups
by Dian G. M. Zijlmans, Annemiek Maaskant, Annet L. Louwerse, Elisabeth H. M. Sterck and Jan A. M. Langermans
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(6), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060262 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is an effective method to reduce overweight in captive non-human primates (NHPs). CR has been applied to individually- and pair-housed NHPs, but whether applying CR can be effective and safe in group-housed NHPs has not yet been assessed. This study [...] Read more.
Caloric restriction (CR) is an effective method to reduce overweight in captive non-human primates (NHPs). CR has been applied to individually- and pair-housed NHPs, but whether applying CR can be effective and safe in group-housed NHPs has not yet been assessed. This study investigates the effect of mild (20%) CR on adult overweight and biochemical parameters, immature growth, veterinary consultations, and reproductive success in multigenerational long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) breeding groups. Data were derived from anthropometric measurements and blood samples during yearly health checks, complemented with retrospective data on veterinary consultations and reproductive success. Adult body measures decreased after CR, with heavier individuals and females losing more weight compared to leaner individuals and males. CR lowered cholesterol levels in adults but had no overall effect on other biochemical parameters. Yet, biochemical parameters of individuals with high baseline values were reduced more compared to individuals with low baseline values. Immature growth, veterinary consultations and reproductive success were not influenced by CR. Thus, CR targeted the right individuals, i.e., overweight adults, and had no adverse effects on the variables examined in this study. This implies that mild CR can be a valuable overweight management strategy in group-housed NHPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care)
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Review

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14 pages, 4013 KiB  
Review
Inguinal Hernia in Nonhuman Primates: From Asymptomatic to Life-Threatening Events
by Melissa A. de la Garza, Sara R. Hegge and Jaco Bakker
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(6), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060280 - 8 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6485
Abstract
In this study, a review of available data and literature on the epidemiology and anamnesis of inguinal hernias in nonhuman primates, as well as on their clinical evaluation and surgical management, was conducted. Inguinal hernias are assumed to be relatively common in male [...] Read more.
In this study, a review of available data and literature on the epidemiology and anamnesis of inguinal hernias in nonhuman primates, as well as on their clinical evaluation and surgical management, was conducted. Inguinal hernias are assumed to be relatively common in male nonhuman primates. Clinical signs are usually limited to a visible or palpable mass in the groin region without pain or systemic illness. Most hernias contain omentum. Careful monitoring is an acceptable treatment option for those animals. Size, the danger of incarceration, and the presence of strangulation are important factors when considering surgical repair. A strangulated inguinal hernia is an emergency, requiring prompt surgery to avoid tissue necrosis and death. Imaging techniques, as well as computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provide information about the anatomical characteristics of the suspected region, allowing for a diagnosis and treatment. An inguinal hernia repair can be performed with either open surgery or laparoscopic surgery. The hernia repair can be achieved by mesh or suture. Decisions regarding which repair technique to use depend on the surgeon′s skill level and preference. Complication and recurrence rates are generally low. The most common postsurgical complication is a recurrence of the hernia. Contraceptive measures are not indicated in breeders, as there is no known hereditary component, and the presence of hernia does not appear to affect fertility, nor does it predispose to occurrence, recurrence, or incarceration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Nonhuman Primate Medicine & Care)
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