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Viruses
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Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2024
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Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2024

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2024) | Viewed by 3477

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Douglas Gladue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
Interests: ASFV; CSFV; PRRSV; PEDV; PDCoV; SwIV; FMDV; swine viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the success of the “Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses” series (see the 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 editions), we are editing a 2024 edition of this very popular topic for new submissions.

The main topic of this Special Issue is agriculturally important swine viruses that have an effect on swine production or overall swine health. This includes viruses that have recently caused outbreaks, for example, African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe and Asia and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in Japan, which are causing devastating losses to the swine industry. Endemic swine viruses include porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), swine influenza virus (SwIV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Senecavirus A (SVA), swine influenza, porcine circovirus (PCV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), and any other endemic or emerging porcine viruses.

Dr. Douglas Gladue
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • African swine fever virus (ASFV)
  • classical swine fever virus (CSFV)
  • porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
  • porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
  • porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)
  • swine influenza virus (SwIV)
  • foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 7492 KiB  
Article
Porcine Airway Organoid-Derived Well-Differentiated Epithelial Cultures as a Tool for the Characterization of Swine Influenza a Virus Strains
by Nora M. Gerhards, Manouk Vrieling, Romy Dresken, Sophie Nguyen-van Oort, Luca Bordes, Jerry M. Wells and Rik L. de Swart
Viruses 2024, 16(11), 1777; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111777 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 386
Abstract
Swine influenza A viruses (IAVsw) are important causes of disease in pigs but also constitute a public health risk. IAVsw strains show remarkable differences in pathogenicity. We aimed to generate airway organoids from the porcine lower respiratory tract and use these to establish [...] Read more.
Swine influenza A viruses (IAVsw) are important causes of disease in pigs but also constitute a public health risk. IAVsw strains show remarkable differences in pathogenicity. We aimed to generate airway organoids from the porcine lower respiratory tract and use these to establish well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (WD-AEC) cultures grown at an air–liquid interface (ALI) for in vitro screening of IAVsw strain virulence. Epithelial cells were isolated from bronchus tissue of juvenile pigs, and airway organoids were cultured in an extracellular matrix in a culture medium containing human growth factors. Single-cell suspensions of these 3D organoids were seeded on Transwell filters and differentiated at ALI to form a pseudostratified epithelium containing ciliated cells, mucus-producing cells and tight junctions. Inoculation with a low dose of IAVsw in a low volume inoculum resulted in virus replication without requiring the addition of trypsin, and was quantified by the detection of viral genome loads in apical washes. Interestingly, inoculation of an H3N2 strain known to cause severe disease in pigs induced a greater reduction in trans-epithelial resistance and more damage to tight junctions than H1N2 or H1N1 strains associated with mild disease in pigs. We conclude that the porcine WD-AEC model is useful in assessing the virulence of IAVsw strains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2024)
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14 pages, 6022 KiB  
Article
Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Guangxi Province, China, during 2020 and 2024
by Kaichuang Shi, Biao Li, Yuwen Shi, Shuping Feng, Yanwen Yin, Feng Long, Yi Pan and Yingyi Wei
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071126 - 14 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1113
Abstract
The variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused considerable economic losses to the global pig industry since 2010. In this study, a total of 5859 diarrhea samples were collected from different pig farms in China’s Guangxi province during January 2020 and March [...] Read more.
The variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused considerable economic losses to the global pig industry since 2010. In this study, a total of 5859 diarrhea samples were collected from different pig farms in China’s Guangxi province during January 2020 and March 2024 and tested for PEDV using RT-qPCR. The positivity rate of PEDV was 11.90% (697/5859). Ninety-two PEDV-positive samples were selected based on sampling time, and the sampling region for amplification, sequencing, and analysis of the S1, M, and N genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene revealed that all strains from Guangxi province were distributed in three subgroups, i.e., 81.5% (75/92) in the G2a subgroup, 4.3% (4/92) in the G2b subgroup, and 14.1% (13/92) in the G2c subgroup. The sequence analysis revealed that the S1 gene sequences from Guangxi province had higher homology with the variant strains than with the classical strains, showing as high as 99.2% with the variant strain AJ1102 and only 94.3% with the classical strain CV777. Recombination analysis revealed that the GX-BS08-2023 strain (G2c) from Guangxi province originated from inter-lineage recombination between the GX-BS09-2023 (G2a) and CH-JN547228-2011 (G1a) strains. In addition, the S1 gene of the G2a and G2b subgroup strains shared many mutations and insertions. There were common mutations of N143D and P235L in the G2a subgroup. Evolutionary analysis revealed that all Guangxi strains belonged to the G2 genotype. These strains have spread rapidly since the PEDV variant strains that emerged in 2010, weakened until 2021, and then remained stable. In conclusion, the results revealed the latest genetic evolution of circulating PEDV strains in Guangxi province in recent years, providing important information for preventing and controlling PEDV infection. Currently, the G2a subgroup strains are the predominant strains circulating in pig herds in Guangxi province, southern China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2024)
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19 pages, 10049 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis in Air–Liquid Interface Porcine Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures Reveals That the Betacoronavirus Porcine Encephalomyelitis Hemagglutinating Virus Induces a Robust Interferon Response to Infection
by Kaitlyn M. Sarlo Davila, Rahul K. Nelli, Juan C. Mora-Díaz, Yongming Sang, Laura C. Miller and Luis G. Giménez-Lirola
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060939 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) replicates in the upper respiratory tract and tonsils of pigs. Using an air–liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells (ALI-PRECs) culture system, we demonstrated that PHEV disrupts respiratory epithelia homeostasis by impairing ciliary function and inducing antiviral, pro-inflammatory cytokine, [...] Read more.
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) replicates in the upper respiratory tract and tonsils of pigs. Using an air–liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells (ALI-PRECs) culture system, we demonstrated that PHEV disrupts respiratory epithelia homeostasis by impairing ciliary function and inducing antiviral, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and chemokine responses. This study explores the mechanisms driving early innate immune responses during PHEV infection through host transcriptome analysis. Total RNA was collected from ALI-PRECs at 24, 36, and 48 h post inoculation (hpi). RNA-seq analysis was performed using an Illumina Hiseq 600 to generate 100 bp paired-end reads. Differential gene expression was analyzed using DeSeq2. PHEV replicated actively in ALI-PRECs, causing cytopathic changes and progressive mucociliary disruption. Transcriptome analysis revealed downregulation of cilia-associated genes such as CILK1, DNAH11, LRRC-23, -49, and -51, and acidic sialomucin CD164L2. PHEV also activated antiviral signaling pathways, significantly increasing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (RSAD2, MX1, IFIT, and ISG15) and chemokine genes (CCL5 and CXCL10), highlighting inflammatory regulation. This study contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the innate immune response to PHEV infection of the airway epithelium, emphasizing the critical roles of the mucociliary, interferon, and chemokine responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2024)
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