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Viruses
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Hantavirus 2022
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Hantavirus 2022

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 17965

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hiroaki Kariwa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Interests: hantaviruses; zoonosis and emerging infection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kumiko Yoshimatsu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
Interests: rodent-borne infectious diseases; bunyaviruses; chronic kidney disease by unknown etiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

COVID-19, which continues to affect the whole world, has reminded us that humans are not the only ones living on Earth. Wild animals are quietly hiding viruses. People now know that a virus that had not been known could cause massive disruption. However, hantavirus virologists already know that many wild animals coexist with hantaviruses in a healthy appearance and occasionally supply viruses that can cause fatal diseases in humans, such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulumonary syndrome (HPS). Hantaviruses are maintained by various species of animals and have a wide diversity. Due to the discovery of numerous virus species, the classification of hantaviruses was reorganized in 2017 and defined as an independent family, Hantaviridae, within the order Bunyavirares. I believe that our achivements in research on hantaviruses will contribute to the health of the entire planet.

This Special Issue continues to cover a wide range of issues related to hantaviruses and aims to strengthen the foundation of hantavirus virology.

Prof. Dr. Hiroaki Kariwa
Prof. Dr. Kumiko Yoshimatsu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural hosts
  • animal model
  • genetic diversity
  • pathogenesis
  • replication
  • epidemiology
  • epizootiology
  • emerging and re-emerging viruses
  • diagnosis
  • vaccine
  • antiviral drug

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3019 KiB  
Article
Pathological Studies on Hantaan Virus-Infected Mice Simulating Severe Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
by Zhouoxing Wei, Kenta Shimizu, Rakiiya S. Sarii, Devinda S. Muthusinghe, Sithumini M. W. Lokupathirage, Junko Nio-Kobayashi and Kumiko Yoshimatsu
Viruses 2022, 14(10), 2247; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102247 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2553
Abstract
Hantaan virus is the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The Hantaan virus strain, Korean hemorrhagic fever virus clone-5 (KHF5), causes weight loss and renal hemorrhage in laboratory mice. Clone-4 (KHF4), which has a single E417K amino acid change in [...] Read more.
Hantaan virus is the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The Hantaan virus strain, Korean hemorrhagic fever virus clone-5 (KHF5), causes weight loss and renal hemorrhage in laboratory mice. Clone-4 (KHF4), which has a single E417K amino acid change in its glycoprotein, is an avirulent variant. In this study, KHF4 and KHF5 were compared to evaluate pathological differences in mice in vitro and in vivo. The characteristics of the two glycoproteins were not significantly different in vitro. However, the virulent KHF5 strain targeted the lungs and caused pneumonia and edema in vivo. Both strains induced high infectivity levels in the liver and caused hepatitis; however, petechial hemorrhage and glycogen storage reduction were observed in KHF5-infected mice alone. Renal hemorrhage was observed using viral antigens in the tubular region of KHF5-infected mice. In addition, an increase in white blood cell levels and neutrophilia were found in KHF5-infected mice. Microarray analysis of liver cells showed that CD8+ T cell activation, acute-phase protein production, and neutrophil activation was induced by KHF5 infection. KHF5 infectivity was significantly increased in vivo and the histological and clinicopathological findings were similar to those in patients with HFRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hantavirus 2022)
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11 pages, 952 KiB  
Article
Serum Markers Associated with Disease Severity in a Bosnian Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Cohort
by Danny Noack, Maja Travar, Visnja Mrdjen, Jolanda J. C. Voermans, David van de Vijver, Richard Molenkamp, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Marco Goeijenbier and Barry Rockx
Viruses 2022, 14(7), 1377; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071377 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2525
Abstract
Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is endemic in Europe and can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica). Disease features include fever, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). This retrospective cohort study of forty PUUV patients aims to characterize associations of serum [...] Read more.
Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is endemic in Europe and can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica). Disease features include fever, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). This retrospective cohort study of forty PUUV patients aims to characterize associations of serum immunological, hemostatic or kidney injury markers to disease severity. While interleukin-18 (IL-18) was significantly increased in severely thrombocytopenic patients (<100 × 109 platelets/L) compared to patients with higher platelet counts, RANTES was significantly decreased in these patients. These data suggest that patients with significant thrombocytopenia might have experienced pronounced Th1 immune responses. When kidney dysfunction was used as the primary disease outcome, recently identified AKI biomarkers (Cystatin C, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, Nephrin, and trefoil factor 3) were significantly upregulated in patients with severe PUUV infection, defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 m/min/1.73 m2. The increased expression of these markers specifically indicates pathology in glomeruli and proximal tubuli. Furthermore, E-selectin was significantly higher while interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) was significantly lower in PUUV patients with more severe kidney dysfunction compared to patients with higher eGFR-values. Increased E-selectin illustrates the central role of endothelial cell activation, whereas decreased IP-10 could indicate a less important role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of kidney dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hantavirus 2022)
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7 pages, 1333 KiB  
Communication
Identification of Dobrava-Belgrade Virus in Apodemus flavicollis from North-Eastern Italy during Enhanced Mortality
by Stefania Leopardi, Petra Drzewnioková, Melissa Baggieri, Antonella Marchi, Paola Bucci, Marco Bregoli, Paola De Benedictis, Federica Gobbo, Laura Bellinati, Carlo Citterio, Isabella Monne, Ambra Pastori, Gianpiero Zamperin, Elisa Palumbo, Francesca Festa, Martina Castellan, Maira Zorzan, Emilio D’Ugo, Paolo Zucca, Calogero Terregino and Fabio Maguranoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Viruses 2022, 14(6), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061241 - 7 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2736
Abstract
Hantaviruses include several zoonotic pathogens that cause different syndromes in humans, with mortality rates ranging from 12 to 40%. Most commonly, humans get infected through the inhalation of aerosols or dust particles contaminated with virus-containing rodent excreta. Hantaviruses are specifically associated with the [...] Read more.
Hantaviruses include several zoonotic pathogens that cause different syndromes in humans, with mortality rates ranging from 12 to 40%. Most commonly, humans get infected through the inhalation of aerosols or dust particles contaminated with virus-containing rodent excreta. Hantaviruses are specifically associated with the host species, and human cases depend on the presence and the dynamics of reservoir hosts. In this letter, we report the identification of Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) in the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) from Italy. The virus was detected in the mountainous area of the province of Udine, bordering Austria and Slovenia, during an event of enhanced mortality in wild mice and voles. Despite serological evidence in rodents and humans that suggested the circulation of hantaviruses in Italy since 2000, this is the first virological confirmation of the infection. Phylogenetic analyses across the whole genome of the two detected viruses confirmed the host-specificity of DOBV sub-species and showed the highest identity with viruses identified in Slovenia and Croatia from both A. flavicollis and humans, with no signs of reassortment. These findings highlight the need for ecologists, veterinarians and medical doctors to come together in a coordinated approach in full compliance with the One Health concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hantavirus 2022)
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14 pages, 2907 KiB  
Article
Use of a Novel Detection Tool to Survey Orthohantaviruses in Wild-Caught Rodent Populations
by Samuel M. Goodfellow, Robert A. Nofchissey, Chunyan Ye, Jonathan L. Dunnum, Joseph A. Cook and Steven B. Bradfute
Viruses 2022, 14(4), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14040682 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3644
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses with trisegmented genomes that can cause severe disease in humans and are carried by several host reservoirs throughout the world. Old World orthohantaviruses are primarily located throughout Europe and Asia, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and New [...] Read more.
Orthohantaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses with trisegmented genomes that can cause severe disease in humans and are carried by several host reservoirs throughout the world. Old World orthohantaviruses are primarily located throughout Europe and Asia, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and New World orthohantaviruses are found in North, Central, and South America, causing hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In the United States, Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) is the primary cause of HCPS with a fatality rate of ~36%. The primary SNV host reservoir is thought to be the North American deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. However, it has been shown that other species of Peromyscus can carry different orthohantaviruses. Few studies have systemically surveyed which orthohantaviruses may exist in wild-caught rodents or monitored spillover events into additional rodent reservoirs. A method for the rapid detection of orthohantaviruses is needed to screen large collections of rodent samples. Here, we report a pan-orthohantavirus, two-step reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) tool designed to detect both Old and New World pathogenic orthohantavirus sequences of the S segment of the genome and validated them using plasmids and authentic viruses. We then performed a screening of wild-caught rodents and identified orthohantaviruses in lung tissue, and we confirmed the findings by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we identified new rodent reservoirs that have not been previously reported as orthohantavirus carriers. This novel tool can be used for the efficient and rapid detection of various orthohantaviruses, while uncovering potential new orthohantaviruses and host reservoirs that may otherwise go undetected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hantavirus 2022)
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Review

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25 pages, 1839 KiB  
Review
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Asia: History, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
by Ayushi Sehgal, Sanya Mehta, Kritika Sahay, Ekaterina Martynova, Albert Rizvanov, Manoj Baranwal, Sara Chandy, Svetlana Khaiboullina, Emmanuel Kabwe and Yuriy Davidyuk
Viruses 2023, 15(2), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020561 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4945
Abstract
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is the most frequently diagnosed zoonosis in Asia. This zoonotic infection is the result of exposure to the virus-contaminated aerosols. Orthohantavirus infection may cause Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HRFS), a disease that is characterized by acute [...] Read more.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is the most frequently diagnosed zoonosis in Asia. This zoonotic infection is the result of exposure to the virus-contaminated aerosols. Orthohantavirus infection may cause Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HRFS), a disease that is characterized by acute kidney injury and increased vascular permeability. Several species of orthohantaviruses were identified as causing infection, where Hantaan, Puumala, and Seoul viruses are most common. Orthohantaviruses are endemic to several Asian countries, such as China, South Korea, and Japan. Along with those countries, HFRS tops the list of zoonotic infections in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Recently, orthohantavirus circulation was demonstrated in small mammals in Thailand and India, where orthohantavirus was not believed to be endemic. In this review, we summarized the current data on orthohantaviruses in Asia. We gave the synopsis of the history and diversity of orthohantaviruses in Asia. We also described the clinical presentation and current understanding of the pathogenesis of orthohantavirus infection. Additionally, conventional and novel approaches for preventing and treating orthohantavirus infection are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hantavirus 2022)
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