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Viruses
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Recent Advances in Oncolytic Viruses Research
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Recent Advances in Oncolytic Viruses Research

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 13651

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Edward Wenge Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Med Center, Duarte, CA, USA
Interests: oncolytic virus; apoptotic pathways; immunogenic cell death; tumor microenvironment; p53; TNFR superfamily; TRAIL; autophagy; cancer immunotherapy; CA-125

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oncolytic virus serves as a new therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that destroys cancer cells by preferential infection, replication, and induction of cell death. Oncolytic virus infection also represents an effective means of exposing neoantigens to immune cells and disrupting a suppressive TME, as evidenced by the success of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) for the treatment of melanoma. Overwhelming molecular changes in cancer cells can be induced by oncolytic virus, including gene expression, cytokine/chemokine production, antigen presentation, and cell survival and/or cell death pathway activation, which are in favor of facilitating host defense against virus infection and cancer cell growth. However, in vivo oncolytic activity of current available oncolytic viruses is limited, as observed in clinical trials. Immune response induced by oncolytic viruses can rarely cure cancer patients, although a limited number of complete responses have been reported. The issue will focus on potent virus identification and modification, genetic engineering, preclinical models, clinical approaches, mechanism of response and resistance, toxicity, and challenges. The overall objective of this Special Issue is to introduce cutting-edge advances and discuss new strategies in the field of oncolytic immunotherapy of cancer.

Dr. Edward Wenge Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oncolytic viruses
  • conditional replication
  • immunogenic cell death
  • tumor microenvironment
  • damage‐associated molecular patterns
  • immune checkpoint
  • cancer immunotherapy
  • immune regulation
  • tumor antigen
  • cytokines

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 12093 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Human Glioblastoma Cells Susceptible to Infection with the Leningrad-16 Vaccine Strain of Measles Virus
by Yulia Ammour, Olga Susova, George Krasnov, Eugenia Nikolaeva, Vyacheslav Varachev, Yulia Schetinina, Marina Gavrilova, Alexey Mitrofanov, Anna Poletaeva, Ali Bekyashev, Evgeny Faizuloev, Vitaly V. Zverev, Oxana A. Svitich and Tatiana V. Nasedkina
Viruses 2022, 14(11), 2433; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14112433 - 2 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2625
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for almost half of all primary malignant brain tumors in adults and has a poor prognosis. Here we demonstrated the oncolytic potential of the L-16 vaccine strain of measles virus (MV) against primary human GBM cells and characterized the [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for almost half of all primary malignant brain tumors in adults and has a poor prognosis. Here we demonstrated the oncolytic potential of the L-16 vaccine strain of measles virus (MV) against primary human GBM cells and characterized the genetic patterns that determine the sensitivity of primary human GBM cells to oncolytic therapy. MV replicated in all GBM cells, and seven out of eight cell lines underwent complete or partial oncolysis. RNA-Seq analysis identified about 1200 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) with at least two-fold expression level change between MV-infected and uninfected cells. Among them, the most significant upregulation was observed for interferon response, apoptosis and cytokine signaling. One out of eight GBM cell lines was defective in type I interferon production and, thus, in the post-interferon response, other cells lacked expression of different cellular defense factors. Thus, none of the cell lines displayed induction of the total gene set necessary for effective inhibition of MV replication. In the resistant cells, we detected aberrant expression of metalloproteinase genes, particularly MMP3. Thus, such genes could be considered intriguing candidates for further study of factors responsible for cell sensitivity and resistance to L-16 MV infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oncolytic Viruses Research)
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15 pages, 2729 KiB  
Article
Pre-Existing HSV-1 Immunity Enhances Anticancer Efficacy of a Novel Immune-Stimulating Oncolytic Virus
by Jun Ding, Yanal M. Murad, Yi Sun, I-Fang Lee, Ismael Samudio, Xiaohu Liu, William Wei-Guo Jia and Ronghua Zhao
Viruses 2022, 14(11), 2327; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14112327 - 23 Oct 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3101
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can specifically replicate in the host and cause cancer cell lysis while inducing an antitumor immune response. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of either pre-existing immunity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) or multicycle treatment [...] Read more.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can specifically replicate in the host and cause cancer cell lysis while inducing an antitumor immune response. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of either pre-existing immunity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) or multicycle treatment with OVs on anticancer efficacy of VG161, an HSV-1 OV in phase 2 clinical trial. VG161 efficacy was tested in CT26 mouse models by comparing the efficacy and immune response in naïve mice or in mice that were immunized with VG161. Moreover, VG161 efficacy in HLA-matched CD34+ humanized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models was also tested in multicycle treatment and was compared to standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer (gemcitabine). The HSV-1-immunized mice significantly inhibited tumor growth in VG161-treated mice compared to control naïve treated mice. RNA expression profiling and ELISPOT analyses indicated changes in the tumor’s immune profile in the immunized and treated group compared to naïve and treated mice, as well as enhanced T cell function depicted by higher numbers of tumor specific lymphocytes, which was enhanced by immunization. In the ICC PDX model, repeated treatment of VG161 with 2 or 3 cycles seemed to increase the anticancer efficacy of VG161. In conclusion, the anticancer efficacy of VG161 can be enhanced by pre-immunization with HSV-1 and multicycle administration when the virus is given intratumorally, indicating that pre-existing antiviral immunity might enhance OV-induced antitumor immunity. Our results suggest potential clinical benefits of HSV-1-based OV therapy in HSV-1-seropositive patients and multicycle administration of VG161 for long-term maintenance treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oncolytic Viruses Research)
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Review

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25 pages, 1324 KiB  
Review
Recent Developments in Glioblastoma Therapy: Oncolytic Viruses and Emerging Future Strategies
by Azzam Hamad, Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva, Vladimir P. Baklaushev, Peter M. Chumakov and Anastasiya V. Lipatova
Viruses 2023, 15(2), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020547 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6925
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of malignant brain tumor. Standard treatment protocols and traditional immunotherapy are poorly effective as they do not significantly increase the long-term survival of glioblastoma patients. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) may be an effective alternative approach. Combining OVs with [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of malignant brain tumor. Standard treatment protocols and traditional immunotherapy are poorly effective as they do not significantly increase the long-term survival of glioblastoma patients. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) may be an effective alternative approach. Combining OVs with some modern treatment options may also provide significant benefits for glioblastoma patients. Here we review virotherapy for glioblastomas and describe several OVs and their combination with other therapies. The personalized use of OVs and their combination with other treatment options would become a significant area of research aiming to develop the most effective treatment regimens for glioblastomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oncolytic Viruses Research)
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