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Viruses
Special Issues
Respiratory Viral Coinfection
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Respiratory Viral Coinfection

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 14069

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kelvin Kai-Wang To

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: respiratory tract infection; respiratory pathogens; vaccines; diagnostic; disease surveillance; disease dynamics indagation; population surveillance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory virus infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. With the advance in molecular diagnostic assays, multiple respiratory viruses are often detected in clinical specimens from patients with respiratory tract infection. The contribution of respiratory virus co-infection to the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of respiratory tract infection remains unclear for many viruses, especially for the SARS-CoV-2 that causes the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Special Issue, we welcome studies which addresses respiratory viral co-infection. The scope will include epidemiological, clinical, immunological, virological and diagnostic studies on respiratory virus co-infection.

Dr. Kelvin Kai-Wang To
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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13 pages, 1641 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Coinfection in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea
by Seri Jeong, Nuri Lee, Yeeun Park, Jaehong Kim, Kibum Jeon, Min-Jeong Park and Wonkeun Song
Viruses 2022, 14(2), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020446 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3053
Abstract
Coinfection rates with other pathogens in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varied during the pandemic. We assessed the latest prevalence of coinfection with viruses, bacteria, and fungi in COVID-19 patients for more than one year and its impact on mortality. A total of 436 [...] Read more.
Coinfection rates with other pathogens in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varied during the pandemic. We assessed the latest prevalence of coinfection with viruses, bacteria, and fungi in COVID-19 patients for more than one year and its impact on mortality. A total of 436 samples were collected between August 2020 and October 2021. Multiplex real-time PCR, culture, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed to detect pathogens. The coinfection rate of respiratory viruses in COVID-19 patients was 1.4%. Meanwhile, the rates of bacteria and fungi were 52.6% and 10.5% in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were the most commonly detected pathogens. Ninety percent of isolated A. baumannii was non-susceptible to carbapenem. Based on a multivariate analysis, coinfection (odds ratio [OR] = 6.095), older age (OR = 1.089), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (OR = 1.006) were risk factors for mortality as a critical outcome. In particular, coinfection with bacteria (OR = 11.250), resistant pathogens (OR = 11.667), and infection with multiple pathogens (OR = 10.667) were significantly related to death. Screening and monitoring of coinfection in COVID-19 patients, especially for hospitalized patients during the pandemic, are beneficial for better management and survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Viral Coinfection)
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11 pages, 1319 KiB  
Article
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Genus Enterovirus in Children Requiring Intensive Care: Clinical Manifestations and Impact of Viral Co-Infections
by Daniel Penela-Sánchez, Jon González-de-Audicana, Georgina Armero, Desiree Henares, Cristina Esteva, Mariona-Fernández de-Sevilla, Silvia Ricart, Iolanda Jordan, Pedro Brotons, María Cabrerizo, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro and Cristian Launes
Viruses 2021, 13(10), 2059; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13102059 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2878
Abstract
Infection by rhinovirus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) in children ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). This cohort study evaluates the clinical impact of RV/EV species, alone or in codetection with other viruses, in young children with severe LRTI. [...] Read more.
Infection by rhinovirus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) in children ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). This cohort study evaluates the clinical impact of RV/EV species, alone or in codetection with other viruses, in young children with severe LRTI. Seventy-one patients aged less than 5 years and admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a reference children’s hospital with RV or EV (RV/EV) LRTI were prospectively included from 1/2018 to 3/2020. A commercial PCR assay for multiple respiratory pathogens was performed in respiratory specimens. In 22/71, RV/EV + respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found, and 18/71 had RV/EV + multiple viral detections. Patients with single RV/EV detection required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) as frequently as those with RSV codetection, whereas none of those with multiple viral codetections required IMV. Species were determined in 60 samples, 58 being RV. No EV-A, EV-C, or EV-D68 were detected. RV-B and EV-B were only found in patients with other respiratory virus codetections. There were not any associations between RV/EV species and severity outcomes. To conclude, RV/EV detection alone was observed in young children with severe disease, while multiple viral codetections may result in reduced clinical severity. Differences in pathogenicity between RV and EV species could not be drawn. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Viral Coinfection)
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10 pages, 382 KiB  
Case Report
SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection Cases Identified through ILI/SARI Sentinel Surveillance: A Pan-India Report
by Neeraj Aggarwal, Varsha Potdar, Neetu Vijay, Labanya Mukhopadhyay, Biswajyoti Borkakoty, S. Manjusree, Manohar Lal Choudhary, Deepika Chowdhury, Riya Verma, Sumit Dutt Bhardwaj, Neelanjana Sarmah, Sreelatha K. H., Prabhat Kumar and Nivedita Gupta
Viruses 2022, 14(3), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030627 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3311
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection studies have focused on hospitalized patients who usually had grave sequelae. Here, we report SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection cases from both community and hospital settings reported through integrated ILI/SARI (Influenza Like Illness/Severe Acute Respiratory Infection) sentinel surveillance established by the Indian [...] Read more.
SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection studies have focused on hospitalized patients who usually had grave sequelae. Here, we report SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection cases from both community and hospital settings reported through integrated ILI/SARI (Influenza Like Illness/Severe Acute Respiratory Infection) sentinel surveillance established by the Indian Council of Medical Research. We describe the disease progression and outcomes in these cases. Out of 13,467 samples tested from 4 July 2021–31 January 2022, only 5 (0.04%) were of SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection from 3 different sites in distinct geographic regions. Of these, three patients with extremes of age required hospital admission, but none required ICU admission or mechanical ventilation. No mortality was reported. The other two co-infection cases from community settings were managed at home. This is the first report on SARS-CoV-2/Influenza virus co-infection from community as well as hospital settings in India and shows that influenza viruses are circulating in the community even during COVID-19. The results emphasize the need for continuous surveillance for multiple respiratory pathogens for effective public health management of ILI/SARI cases in line with the WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Viral Coinfection)
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8 pages, 480 KiB  
Brief Report
Incidence and Outcome of Coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus
by Elisabeth Le Glass, Van Thuan Hoang, Céline Boschi, Laetitia Ninove, Christine Zandotti, Aurélie Boutin, Valérie Bremond, Grégory Dubourg, Stéphane Ranque, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Matthieu Million, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Michel Drancourt, Philippe Gautret and Philippe Colson
Viruses 2021, 13(12), 2528; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122528 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3749
Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the clinical severity in patients who were coinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rhinovirus or monoinfected with a single one of these viruses. Methods: The study period ranged from 1 March 2020 to 28 [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to compare the clinical severity in patients who were coinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rhinovirus or monoinfected with a single one of these viruses. Methods: The study period ranged from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 (one year). SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses were identified by real-time reverse-transcription-PCR as part of the routine work at Marseille University hospitals. Bacterial and fungal infections were detected by standard methods. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical files. This study was approved by the ethical committee of our institute. Results: A total of 6034/15,157 (40%) tested patients were positive for at least one respiratory virus. Ninety-three (4.3%) SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were coinfected with another respiratory virus, with rhinovirus being the most frequent (62/93, 67%). Patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus were significantly more likely to report a cough than those with SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection (62% vs. 31%; p = 0.0008). In addition, they were also significantly more likely to report dyspnea than patients with rhinovirus monoinfection (45% vs. 36%; p = 0.02). They were also more likely to be transferred to an intensive care unit and to die than patients with rhinovirus monoinfection (16% vs. 5% and 7% vs. 2%, respectively) but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: A close surveillance and investigation of the co-incidence and interactions of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses is needed. The possible higher risk of increased clinical severity in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients coinfected with rhinovirus warrants further large scale studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Viral Coinfection)
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