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Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources of Local Watersheds

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 18766

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Young Gu Her

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida (33031), USA
Interests: Hydrological Modeling; Climate Change Impacts Assessment; Distributed Modeling; Watershed Graph Mining; Watershed Management Practices (BMPs and LIDs)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Air temperature is projected to increase in the future due to greenhouse gases accumulated in the atmosphere, and such a change is expected to alter rainfall patterns with significant implications on hydrological processes and water resources. The potential impacts of projected climate change may be significantly different depending on spatial scales. Small local watersheds whose hydrological responses tend to be dominated by direct runoff may more quickly and directly react to changes in rainfall patterns. Besides, many water resources development and management are carried out at local watershed scales. However, such scales have not been a primary focus of climate change impact studies presumably due to the discrepancy between the spatial resolutions of climate and hydrological modeling and associated uncertainty. The small spatial scale analysis of climate change impact requires detailed information on watershed management practices as well as the improvement of climate projection accuracy and precision. This special issue invites studies of assessing climate change impacts on local watersheds and improving the precision and accuracy of climate projections with the expectation to be able to collectively contribute to the understanding of the effects of global-scale changes on local water resources.

Dr. Young Gu Her
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • climate change
  • hydrological processes
  • water resource
  • local watershed
  • climate projection
  • greenhouse gas
  • watershed management
  • spatial scale

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 10772 KiB  
Article
Identification and Prediction of Crop Waterlogging Risk Areas under the Impact of Climate Change
by Xin Jin, Yanxiang Jin, Jingya Zhai, Di Fu and Xufeng Mao
Water 2022, 14(12), 1956; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121956 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2633
Abstract
Waterlogging refers to the damage to plants by water stress due to excess soil water in the crop’s root zone that exceeds the maximum water holding capacity of the field. It is one of the major disasters affecting agricultural production. This study aims [...] Read more.
Waterlogging refers to the damage to plants by water stress due to excess soil water in the crop’s root zone that exceeds the maximum water holding capacity of the field. It is one of the major disasters affecting agricultural production. This study aims to add a crop waterlogging identification module to the coupled SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools)-MODFLOW (Modular Finite Difference Groundwater Flow Model) model and to accurately identify and predict crop waterlogging risk areas under the CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6) climate scenarios. The result showed that: (1) The SWAT-MODFLOW model, which coupled with a crop waterlogging identification module, had good simulation results for LAI (Leaf Area Index), ET (Evapotranspiration), spring wheat yield, and groundwater level in the middle and lower reaches of the Bayin River; (2) The precipitation showed an overall increasing trend in the Bayin River watersheds over the next 80 years under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The temperature showed a clear increasing trend over the next 80 years under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios; (3) Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the mountain runoff from the upper reaches of the Bayin River was substantially higher than in other scenarios after 2041. The mountain runoff in the next 80 years will decrease substantially under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. The mountain runoff over the next 80 years showed an initial decrease and then an increasing trend under the SSP5-8.5 scenario; (4) During the historical period, the crop waterlogging risk area was 10.9 km2. In the next 80 years, the maximum crop waterlogging area will occur in 2055 under the SSP1-2.6 scenario. The minimum crop waterlogging area, 9.49 km2, occurred in 2042 under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. The changes in the area at risk of crop waterlogging under each scenario are mainly influenced by the mountain runoff from the upper reaches of the Bayin River. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources of Local Watersheds)
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21 pages, 6834 KiB  
Article
Effects of Climate Change on Hydrology in the Most Relevant Mining Basin in the Eastern Legal Amazon
by Paulo Rogenes M. Pontes, Rosane B. L. Cavalcante, Tereza C. Giannini, Cláudia P. W. Costa, Renata G. Tedeschi, Adayana M. Q. Melo and Ana Carolina Freitas Xavier
Water 2022, 14(9), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091416 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2983
Abstract
The Itacaiúnas River basin, an important watershed for the mining sector in Brazil, has had 51% of its native forest area deforested in the last forty years. It is in the arc of deforestation of the Amazon. It has protected areas essential to [...] Read more.
The Itacaiúnas River basin, an important watershed for the mining sector in Brazil, has had 51% of its native forest area deforested in the last forty years. It is in the arc of deforestation of the Amazon. It has protected areas essential to local biodiversity maintenance, in addition to owning ore reserves. Here, we present the first study to assess the mean annual, seasonal, and spatialized hydrological processes, providing results on a detailed scale in the basin, including mining sites. We used five future projections of mean monthly temperature and daily precipitation as input to the MGB hydrological model to simulate how hydrological processes, such as evapotranspiration, water availability, and high flows, may change in the next 30 years. The future decrease in precipitation (−8%) and increase in temperature (10%) may strengthen the monsoon seasonal cycle and lengthen the dry month for evapotranspiration. Furthermore, some parts of the basin expect an increase in the high flows (8.1%) and a decrease in water availability (−93.6%). These results provide subsidies to develop adaptation strategies to ensure the viability of mining operations and safeguard the surrounding environment and communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources of Local Watersheds)
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18 pages, 6949 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Climate Change on the Precipitation and Streamflow Regimes in Equatorial Regions: Guayas River Basin
by Mercy Ilbay-Yupa, Franklin Ilbay, Ricardo Zubieta, Mario García-Mora and Paolo Chasi
Water 2021, 13(21), 3138; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213138 - 8 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4946
Abstract
The effects of climate change projected for 2050 to 2079 relative to the 1968–2014 reference period were evaluated using 39 CMIP5 models under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario in the Guayas River basin. The monthly normalized precipitation index (SPI) was used in this study [...] Read more.
The effects of climate change projected for 2050 to 2079 relative to the 1968–2014 reference period were evaluated using 39 CMIP5 models under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario in the Guayas River basin. The monthly normalized precipitation index (SPI) was used in this study to assess the impact of climate change for wet events and droughts from a meteorological perspective. The GR2M model was used to project changes in the streamflow of the Daule River. The climate projection was based on the four rigorously selected models to represent the climate of the study area. On average, an increase in temperature (~2 °C) and precipitation (~6%) is expected. A 7% increase in precipitation would result in a 10% increase in streamflow for flood periods, while an 8% decrease in precipitation could result in approximately a 60% reduction in flow for dry periods. The analysis of droughts shows that they will be more frequent and prolonged in the highlands (Andes) and the middle part of the basin. In the future, wet periods will be less frequent but of greater duration and intensity on the Ecuadorian coast. These results point to future problems such as water deficit in the dry season but also increased streamflow for floods during the wet season. This information should be taken into account in designing strategies for adaptation to climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources of Local Watersheds)
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22 pages, 3798 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Recharge in Groundwater Regions in Taiwan
by Shih-Jung Wang, Cheng-Haw Lee, Chen-Feng Yeh, Yong Fern Choo and Hung-Wei Tseng
Water 2021, 13(9), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091153 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3915
Abstract
Climate change can directly or indirectly influence groundwater resources. The mechanisms of this influence are complex and not easily quantified. Understanding the effect of climate change on groundwater systems can help governments adopt suitable strategies for water resources. The baseflow concept can be [...] Read more.
Climate change can directly or indirectly influence groundwater resources. The mechanisms of this influence are complex and not easily quantified. Understanding the effect of climate change on groundwater systems can help governments adopt suitable strategies for water resources. The baseflow concept can be used to relate climate conditions to groundwater systems for assessing the climate change impact on groundwater resources. This study applies the stable baseflow concept to the estimation of the groundwater recharge in ten groundwater regions in Taiwan, under historical and climate scenario conditions. The recharge rates at the main river gauge stations in the groundwater regions were assessed using historical data. Regression equations between rainfall and groundwater recharge quantities were developed for the ten groundwater regions. The assessment results can be used for recharge evaluation in Taiwan. The climate change estimation results show that climate change would increase groundwater recharge by 32.6% or decrease it by 28.9% on average under the climate scenarios, with respect to the baseline quantity in Taiwan. The impact of climate change on groundwater systems may be positive. This study proposes a method for assessing the impact of climate change on groundwater systems. The assessment results provide important information for strategy development in groundwater resources management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources of Local Watersheds)
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22 pages, 5792 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Hydroclimatic Movement under Future Scenarios Including both Climate and Land Use Changes
by Sinae Kim, Hakkwan Kim, Kyeung Kim, Sang-Min Jun, Soonho Hwang and Moon-Seong Kang
Water 2021, 13(8), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081120 - 19 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3189
Abstract
In this study we simulated the watershed response according to future climate and land use change scenarios through a hydrological model and predicting future hydroclimate changes by applying the Budyko framework. Future climate change scenarios were derived from the UK Earth system model [...] Read more.
In this study we simulated the watershed response according to future climate and land use change scenarios through a hydrological model and predicting future hydroclimate changes by applying the Budyko framework. Future climate change scenarios were derived from the UK Earth system model (UKESM1), and future land use changes were predicted using the future land use simulation (FLUS) model. To understand the overall trend of hydroclimatic conditions, the movements in Budyko space were represented as wind rose plots. Moreover, the impacts of climate and land use changes were separated, and the watersheds’ hydroclimatic conditions were classified into five groups. In future scenarios, both increase and decrease of aridity index were observed depending on the watershed, and land use change generally led to a decrease in the evaporation index. The results indicate that as hydroclimatic movement groups are more diversely distributed by region in future periods, regional adaptation strategies could be required to reduce hydroclimatic changes in each region. The results derived from this study can be used as basic data to establish an appropriate water resource management plan and the governments’ land use plan. As an extension of this study, we can consider more diverse land use characteristics and other global climate model (GCMs) in future papers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources of Local Watersheds)
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