Administrative Sciences

18 pages, 341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corporate Social Responsibility: The Impact of Employees’ Perceptions on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Organizational Identification

by Carla Freire, Joana Gonçalves and Maria Rita Carvalho

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030120 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4155

Abstract

The impact of the employees’ perceptions of CSR activities on the employee-organization relationship has been little explored in the literature. This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions (Environment-related CSR; Employee-related CSR, Customer-related CSR) on organizational citizenship behavior [...] Read more.

The impact of the employees’ perceptions of CSR activities on the employee-organization relationship has been little explored in the literature. This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions (Environment-related CSR; Employee-related CSR, Customer-related CSR) on organizational citizenship behavior through the mediating role of the organizational identification of employees in the hotel sector. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of 214 frontline employees who work in four- and five-star hotels. Using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro, a mediation model was designed to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that there is a mediation model that uses the effect of organizational identification in the relationship between perceptions of CSR and organizational citizenship behavior. This study concludes that an increase in identification with the organization based on environmental-related activities, employee-related activities, or customer-related activities impact on OCB. The results of this study represent contributions to the literature in the CSR field, as well as to the case of human resources managers who wish to enhance organizational citizenship behavior and identification among hotel staff. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Human Resources Management: Evaluating Challenges and Impacts for the Employee-Organization Relation)

19 pages, 349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) Adoption: An Institutional Perspective

by Ahmed Eltweri, Alessio Faccia and Scott Foster

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030119 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5235

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the factors that influence the adoption of ISAs, intending to stimulate establishing a responsible and efficient auditing regime in Libyan auditing practice, shedding light on challenges in auditing practices in the North African region. This study conducted semi-structured [...] Read more.

This study seeks to examine the factors that influence the adoption of ISAs, intending to stimulate establishing a responsible and efficient auditing regime in Libyan auditing practice, shedding light on challenges in auditing practices in the North African region. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with 43 participants that represented 5 key actors from within the auditing field in Libya, including preparers and users of annual reports. Regarding ISAs adoption, the study focused on those institutional isomorphism drivers that are found to produce a greater impact on the experience of auditing practice in Libya. The identified factors are (a) foreign corporations, such as accountancy firms, (b) economic systems and the stock market, (c) international financial institutions (IFIs), and (d) the legal system. The research demonstrated that these drivers systematically and consistently predict the level of ISAs adoption commitment and associated harmonisation. Given the growing interest in harmonising auditing practice not only by scholars but also by policy and decision-makers, the relevance of this research cannot be questioned since it addresses significant concerns and contributes to the development of an under-researched topic in Africa. This paper expands the literature on the importance of harmonising auditing practices and provides fresh insights into auditing practices in a politically unstable country. Awareness is also raised about the most relevant drivers of adopting ISAs and several implications for policymakers and regulators in pursuing international harmonisation of auditing standards. Full article

21 pages, 1153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining the Role of Regulation in the Commercialisation of Indigenous Innovation in Sub-Saharan African Economies: Evidence from the Ghanaian Small-Scale Industry

by Harrison Paul Adjimah, Victor Yawo Atiase and Dennis Yao Dzansi

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030118 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2674

Abstract

Understanding the factors that drive the successful commercialisation of indigenous innovation in Sub-Saharan African economies is still limited. From both policy and theoretical perspectives, regulation is one factor that remains crucial for the successful commercialisation of innovation. However, the empirical evidence is still [...] Read more.

Understanding the factors that drive the successful commercialisation of indigenous innovation in Sub-Saharan African economies is still limited. From both policy and theoretical perspectives, regulation is one factor that remains crucial for the successful commercialisation of innovation. However, the empirical evidence is still unclear regarding its effect on firm performance, urging the need for more evidence from different economies, sectors, and firms. This study, therefore, examined the effects of regulation on the performance of firms engaged in the commercialisation of indigenous innovation in the Ghanaian small-scale industry, a typical low-income economy in Sub-Sahara Africa. From the frugal innovation theoretical perspective, the study assumed that firms engaged in the commercialisation of indigenous innovation in such low-income economies operate in an environment with regulatory gaps and voids. Using a sample survey of 557, it deployed PLS-SEM to test the effects of regulation on key successful commercialisation metrics. The findings show that at a 5% statistical significance level, regulation has significant positive effects on sales, employment, and owners’ feelings of success. Regulation also positively moderates the influence of finance and organisational factors on overall firm performance. The study provides leading evidence of the effect of regulation on the commercialisation of indigenous innovation from Ghana and adds to the clarification of the impact of regulation. It suggests that in such low-income economies, the policy must consider more balanced and appropriate regulations, not less, or deregulating to promote indigenous innovation. Full article

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19 pages, 449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Government Support, Business Style, and Entrepreneurial Sustainability on Business Location of SMEs in South Africa’s Mpumalanga Province

by Kanayo K. Ogujiuba, Ebenezer Olamide, Azikiwe Isaac Agholor, Estelle Boshoff and Phetole Semosa

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030117 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5358

Abstract

Finance, incubation, managerial support initiatives, and technological innovation have all been identified as major drivers of SMEs’ business location. Despite the importance of SMEs, little attention has been paid to business research regarding the impact of government support, business style, and entrepreneurial sustainability [...] Read more.

Finance, incubation, managerial support initiatives, and technological innovation have all been identified as major drivers of SMEs’ business location. Despite the importance of SMEs, little attention has been paid to business research regarding the impact of government support, business style, and entrepreneurial sustainability on SME activities in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas. Identifying the necessary support for SMEs in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas is critical for the government as well as stakeholders and SME owners in assessing their survival status and other goal-setting achievements. The article’s central question is whether government support, business style, and entrepreneurship sustainability affect SME operations differently depending on location (rural, semi-urban, or urban). The MANOVA technique was used for the analysis to determine whether there is a significant difference between groups on a composite dependent variable as well as the univariate results for each dependent variable separately. Because conducting a series of studies (ANOVA) reveals the possibility of an inflated Type 1 error, MANOVA is preferred. The test re-test reliability method (trustworthiness assessment of the questionnaire) and the Cronbach Alpha test (internal consistency of instrument sections) yielded satisfactory results of 0.70 and 0.875, respectively. Government support (GS), business style (BS), and entrepreneurial sustainability were used as dependent variables (SE). The independent variable was the business location. On the combined dependent variables, there was a statistically significant difference between SME location: F (3, 902) = 20.388, p = 0.001, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.88, partial eta squared = 0.06. When the results for the dependent variables were considered separately, they all reached statistical significance, using a Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of 0.017. BS: F (1, 904) = 13.29, p ≤ 001, partial eta squared = 0.03. GS: F (1, 904) = 30.28, p ≤ 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.06. SE: F (1, 904) = 8.08, p ≤ 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.02. The findings show that locational effects on government support have a knock-on effect on the business plan and long-term entrepreneurship. As a result, the government must reconsider its rural activities to ensure that support is distributed equitably across levels of location. Full article

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18 pages, 791 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Online Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Albania

by Irida Hoti, Blerta Dragusha and Valentina Ndou

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030116 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3267

Abstract

The spread of COVID-19 has caused the interruption of education in all levels of schools, forcing them to seek urgent solutions to reconfigure traditional education programs for distance learning. The emergency restrictions related to social distancing, gathering, etc., have generated a disruption, resulting [...] Read more.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused the interruption of education in all levels of schools, forcing them to seek urgent solutions to reconfigure traditional education programs for distance learning. The emergency restrictions related to social distancing, gathering, etc., have generated a disruption, resulting in a massive quick shift to distance and online teaching. The disruption of teaching has been highly critical and complex, especially for developing countries due to the lack of technological infrastructure, low Internet access, low level of preparation of teachers and parents to use technology, and lack of learning motivation. This paper aimed at identifying the main teaching practices, challenges, and contextual characteristics that impacted the adoption and use of online teaching solutions, during the COVID-19 outbreak, in a developing country, Albania. The paper reached this goal by providing the results of a survey involving 100 educators from different levels of public education institutions in Albania (high schools and universities). The results revealed that despite a set of challenges faced, the online teaching experience during the pandemic time brought improvements in computer teaching skills and communication with students by using several applications for interactivity. Full article

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25 pages, 851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Work-Life Balance on Firm Innovativeness: The Different Strategies Used by Male and Female Bosses

by Lina Shouman, Antoni Vidal-Suñé and Amado Alarcón Alarcón

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030115 - 7 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 10071

Abstract

The idea of work–family balance has generated considerable interest for researchers who tried to focus mainly on the increased female engagement in the labor market, the rise in dual-income households, as well as the changing nature of organizations, work and the workplace. While [...] Read more.

The idea of work–family balance has generated considerable interest for researchers who tried to focus mainly on the increased female engagement in the labor market, the rise in dual-income households, as well as the changing nature of organizations, work and the workplace. While some individuals prefer work-life balance (WLB) strategies that set fair and realistic limits between their professional and personal lives, others prefer initiatives that provide harmony between the different aspects of their lives. By surveying both Lebanese male and female employees, this research explored work-life strategies that can be implemented by men and women leaders to balance their work and non-work activities and promote their roles as leaders. In addition, it aims to explore if those work-life strategies enhance organizational performance by means of increased innovativeness, and research and development. The results reveal that there is no significant relationship between employee WLB and organizational performance, indicating that satisfied employees do not necessarily deliver increased or weakened performance. Our results also reveal that supervisor support is positively related to employee WLB. In addition, the study examines the effects of individual coping WLB strategies and organizational provision of WLB policies on employee affective well-being. The results indicate that Lebanese individuals who have positive attitudes and life coping strategies are more capable of achieving overall well-being. Full article

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13 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emotion Regulation and Job Satisfaction Levels of Employees Working in Family and Non-Family Firms

by Duarte Pimentel and Ana Pereira

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030114 - 6 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4928

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between employees working in family and non-family firms regarding their emotion regulation and job satisfaction levels. Moreover, focusing on family firms, we assess the relationship between the employees’ emotion regulation and job satisfaction [...] Read more.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between employees working in family and non-family firms regarding their emotion regulation and job satisfaction levels. Moreover, focusing on family firms, we assess the relationship between the employees’ emotion regulation and job satisfaction levels. The empirical evidence is provided by a sample of 178 Portuguese employees, 80 employees of family firms, and 98 non-family firms’ employees, who responded to a questionnaire that included emotion regulation and job satisfaction measures. All respondents work in small- and medium-sized private companies. Although the results do not confirm the first hypothesis, suggesting that employees working on family firms show higher levels of emotion regulation than those of non-family companies, the idea that employees of family companies show higher levels of job satisfaction than employees of non-family companies is confirmed (i.e., Hypothesis 2). Moreover, the results also support the third hypothesis, confirming that emotion regulation levels have a significant and positive relationship with the job satisfaction levels of employees working in family firms. This paper makes several contributions to the research literature by addressing two organizational aspects still under-addressed in the comparison between family and non-family firms, while pursuing to offer insights on the relationship between the emotion regulation and job satisfaction levels of employees working in family firms. Full article

17 pages, 1141 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From War to Change, from Resistance to Resilience: Vicariance, Bricolage and Exaptation as New Metaphors to Frame the Post COVID-19 Era

by Antonio La Sala, Ryan Patrick Fuller and Mario Calabrese

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030113 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2782

Abstract

In complex societal contexts, resilience seems the only way to survive and prosper. This is even truer when considering the present COVID-19 pandemic and its detrimental effects on global health systems and on every aspect of life. The impact was so deep that [...] Read more.

In complex societal contexts, resilience seems the only way to survive and prosper. This is even truer when considering the present COVID-19 pandemic and its detrimental effects on global health systems and on every aspect of life. The impact was so deep that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global emergency on 30 January 2020. Accordingly, governments declared border closures, travel restrictions, and quarantines in the world’s largest economies, also giving rise to socio-economic recessions. There is wide literature on the pandemic’s impacts on people’s minds and societies, yet still few studies have investigated this topic holistically, examining how language shapes both human and social sides of COVID-19’s impacts. To fill this gap, this work discusses the need for new metaphorical clusters—bricolage, vicariance, and exaptation—as social sense makers to reframe a positive socially resilient response after COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bouncing Back or Bouncing Forward? Knowledge Drivers of Absorptive, Adaptive, and Transformative Resilience in Crises)

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12 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Divide: Barriers to Accessing Online Government Services in Canada

by Vikkram Singh and Joshua Chobotaru

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030112 - 2 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4249

Abstract

This study investigates the digital divide in Canada related to access to online government services. Since digital equity can have welfare implications, it is an important area to explore. We use a bivariate logit model to estimate the determinants of access to e-government [...] Read more.

This study investigates the digital divide in Canada related to access to online government services. Since digital equity can have welfare implications, it is an important area to explore. We use a bivariate logit model to estimate the determinants of access to e-government services. The results show significant disadvantages for females, those who cannot speak official languages, those living in rural areas and those in the lower quantiles of household income. Public policy measures such as infrastructure development in rural areas, improvement in digital equity and streamlining of e-government access can help address this issue. Full article

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12 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nationality Diversity in Corporate Boards and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Oman

by Badar Alshabibi, Shanmuga Pria and Khaled Hussainey

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030111 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3178

Abstract

We examine the impact of nationality diversity in corporate boards on tax avoidance by assessing whether foreign directors play monitoring or advisory roles. We use a sample of 1049 firm-year observations from companies listed on the Muscat Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2019. [...] Read more.

We examine the impact of nationality diversity in corporate boards on tax avoidance by assessing whether foreign directors play monitoring or advisory roles. We use a sample of 1049 firm-year observations from companies listed on the Muscat Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2019. We find that board nationality and audit committee nationality are associated with lower effective tax rates, which equated to more tax avoidance (an advisory role). Our findings offer an important implication for policymakers who are interested in determinants of and mechanisms to prevent tax avoidance. The implication is that caution should be exercised when appointing foreign directors to the board of directors in Oman. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Corporate Governance)

17 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Takeover Threats Stifle or Promote Managerial Efforts to Innovate? Evidence from Takeover Vulnerability, and Text-Based Measure of Innovation

by Nattarinee Denlertchaikul, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Pornsit Jiraporn and Piyachart Phiromswad

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030110 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2516

Abstract

Although the role of managers is crucial in shaping firm innovation, it also poses a dilemma. Because innovation is a complicated and long-term process that requires effort and attention, managers may reduce effort in innovation when faced with high takeover threat. This study [...] Read more.

Although the role of managers is crucial in shaping firm innovation, it also poses a dilemma. Because innovation is a complicated and long-term process that requires effort and attention, managers may reduce effort in innovation when faced with high takeover threat. This study examines the effects of hostile takeover threats on managerial efforts to innovate. Our results show that more active hostile takeover markets stifle managerial efforts in corporate innovation. The findings suggest that managers tend to be more myopic when firms are exposed to hostile takeover threats. Managers will put less effort into innovation to counter the risk of being dismissed as the expected payoff from such investment is long-term and highly uncertain. Additional robustness checks confirm the results, including random-effects regressions, an alternative measure of innovation, and two instrumental-variable analyses. Full article

21 pages, 2851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Does Northern European Travel Means to South Koreans? Focusing on Travel Decision Process

by Ji Hyon Park, Hyung-Deok Shin and Young-Doc Seo

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030109 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2276

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to analyze different types of information that may have diverse effects on the travel decision-making process. We collected the most frequently used words related to “Northern European travel” from Korean news sources and blogs, to determine [...] Read more.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze different types of information that may have diverse effects on the travel decision-making process. We collected the most frequently used words related to “Northern European travel” from Korean news sources and blogs, to determine whether there were any systematic differences through network text analysis and CONCOR analysis. We found that Koreans are exposed to words such as “nature” and “cruise activities”, which may lead them to perceive traveling in Northern Europe as a special experience. While political and diplomatic issues are frequently discussed in the news, practical information is discussed in blogs. Full article

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19 pages, 543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Costs of Ambiguity in Strategic Contexts

by Richard J. Arend

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030108 - 26 Aug 2022

Viewed by 3296

Abstract

With this research, we contribute to the study of ambiguity by analyzing how it can be handled in a rational, objective manner across the main strategic decision-making contexts that entrepreneurs and organizations face. Differentiating from most previous managerial and entrepreneurial studies, we conduct [...] Read more.

With this research, we contribute to the study of ambiguity by analyzing how it can be handled in a rational, objective manner across the main strategic decision-making contexts that entrepreneurs and organizations face. Differentiating from most previous managerial and entrepreneurial studies, we conduct the analysis from a mathematical rather than an experimental approach, doing so by considering variants of a robust, yet simple, decision problem. Significantly, the analysis offers a simple model and approach to consider as benchmarks when assessing the impact of an ambiguity level of information against cases where more precise information is available. We identify the many costs of ambiguity, including direct absolute and relative maximum harms, as well as indirect possible penalties. We discuss the strategic entrepreneurial and managerial implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)

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20 pages, 1015 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

State and Order of Service Orientation Knowledge in Hospitality and Tourism Research: Systematic Literature Review

by Magnús Haukur Ásgeirsson, Thorhallur Gudlaugsson and Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030107 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3035

Abstract

This article offers a systematic review of research trends and methodology, with a focus on the state and order of knowledge regarding service orientation in hospitality and tourism research. A search algorithm was created through Web of Science and Scopus using search words [...] Read more.

This article offers a systematic review of research trends and methodology, with a focus on the state and order of knowledge regarding service orientation in hospitality and tourism research. A search algorithm was created through Web of Science and Scopus using search words related to service orientation and criteria regarding hospitality and tourism, yielding 154 articles. Duplicates and articles that did not focus on hospitality and tourism or did not have service orientation as their focus were removed, leaving 50 articles that were reviewed thoroughly and are the bases of the results. The review’s main findings are that discussion of service orientation seems to be selective in categorizations and bound mostly to employee hospitableness, therefore leaving out organizational culture, strategy, and process. There is, however, evidence in recent literature that scholars are taking a more holistic view of the phenomena. Most articles contribute to knowledge-building through the third order of knowledge, leaving little room to define concepts or gather mutual understandings through empirical data. Based on our findings, we recommend conscious and continuous building of tools and methods that will contribute to a more in-depth and holistic understanding and measurement of service orientation in hospitality and tourism. Full article

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17 pages, 1676 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employee Compensation and Benefits Pre and Post COVID-19

by Eriona Shtembari, Andromahi Kufo and Dea Haxhinasto

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030106 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 25156

Abstract

The Compensation and Benefits Package is considered the main employee’s motivator. As such, it plays a crucial role in determining successful recruiting, engagement, and retention strategies. Failing to offer the right package, will be translated into additional costs. This study aimed to identify [...] Read more.

The Compensation and Benefits Package is considered the main employee’s motivator. As such, it plays a crucial role in determining successful recruiting, engagement, and retention strategies. Failing to offer the right package, will be translated into additional costs. This study aimed to identify what type of compensation and benefits Albanian employees receive and their relationship with job satisfaction, before and after COVID-19. We surveyed 127 employees and conducted 10 in-depth interviews, in different institutions in Albania. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that most received benefits are medical insurance and bonuses, and employees are less than considerably satisfied with their package. The majority stated that it had great importance in their job satisfaction, and most would leave their current job for another one that offers more benefits. Findings related to the COVID-19 impact showed that employees’ lifestyle has changed and flexible working hours are the top benefit, followed by more paid time-off options. The conclusions of the study indicate that Compensations and Benefits packages should be redesigned to meet the needs of working in the “new normal”, for current and future employees, paying close attention to their preferences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is in the Future of Business Research and Management? Emerging Issues after COVID-19 Time)

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16 pages, 819 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Formality, Integration, and Commitment on the Performance of Latino-Owned Small Businesses

by S. Andrew Starbird, Jill M. Martin, Yacanex Posadas and Alma Gutiérrez

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030105 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3235

Abstract

Supporting the growth of minority-owned small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important goal in many countries. In the US, Latinos start businesses faster than any other demographic group, yet Latino wealth and income have not kept pace with the broader society. In [...] Read more.

Supporting the growth of minority-owned small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important goal in many countries. In the US, Latinos start businesses faster than any other demographic group, yet Latino wealth and income have not kept pace with the broader society. In this study, we explore the impact of different business and owner characteristics on the performance of Latino-owned small businesses. Using a survey of over 200 Latino small business owners in Silicon Valley, we apply ordered logistic regression to measure the effect of several variables on firm revenue. Our findings suggest that in addition to the gender and education of the owner, the most important factors impacting business performance are the owner’s commitment to the business, formal registration of the business, and the degree to which the business is integrated into the broader business community. This research adds to our understanding of the factors that significantly impact the economic success of Latino-owned small businesses. The results will be helpful to organizations that support the development and sustainability of Latino entrepreneurship. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gender, Race and Diversity in Organizations)

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25 pages, 1871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Engagement Practices in EC-Funded RRI Projects: Fostering Socio-Scientific Collaborations

by Maria Michali and George Eleftherakis

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030104 - 15 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3013

Abstract

The ‘ambiguity’ of Research and Innovation (R&I) within the present contemporary society triggers increasing manifestations of public concerns concerning science. Apart from some implications it has, this mistrust also functions as a stimuli towards integrating the public view and public (social) needs into [...] Read more.

The ‘ambiguity’ of Research and Innovation (R&I) within the present contemporary society triggers increasing manifestations of public concerns concerning science. Apart from some implications it has, this mistrust also functions as a stimuli towards integrating the public view and public (social) needs into the development and implementation of R&I policies. With reference to European communities, the European Commission (EC) has provided funding to various projects aiming to capitalise on the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and the RRI ‘key’ of Public Engagement (PE) in order to engage the public in R&I, enhance a human-centric and inclusive R&I approach, and ultimately foster a mutually responsible relation between science and society. This study aims to examine how PE practices are implemented within the context of EC-funded projects addressing RRI-driven public engagement. Seventeen PE practices that have been implemented during the lifespan of five EC projects were qualitatively and thematically analysed. The identified themes indicate the implementation patterns of PE and contribute to reaching a set of conclusions towards realising a participatory, human-centric and inclusive R&I, fostering in its own turn future socio-scientific collaborations. Policy-makers, researchers, practitioners and stakeholders interested in public engagement in R&I can capitalise on the study’s conclusions and contribute to manifestations of responsible innovation. Full article

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16 pages, 983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Social Innovation Model for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of a Malaysian Entrepreneur Cooperative (KOKULAC)

by Erne Suzila Kassim, Norol Hamiza Zamzuri, Siti Ayu Jalil, Sharmila Mohamed Salleh, Azhar Mohamad and Ramita Abdul Rahim

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030103 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3361

Abstract

In Malaysia, social innovation programs are fully supported by the government. However, reports and findings on the related matter have yet to be comprehensively collected due to the current interest. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide a better insight and [...] Read more.

In Malaysia, social innovation programs are fully supported by the government. However, reports and findings on the related matter have yet to be comprehensively collected due to the current interest. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide a better insight and understanding on how social innovation projects could assist in achieving the SDG agenda. Since social innovation is emerging and has just recently been embraced in Malaysia, we present the study as a case based on an entrepreneur cooperative, named KOKULAC, with a grounded theory analysis as a core approach. The findings suggest that there are five sustainability development goals that are very closely related to KOKULAC’s agenda. These goals are no poverty, zero hunger, decent work and economic growth, responsible consumption and production, and partnership for the goals. In addition, the case also presented how the values of sustainable development spur greater social benefits of shared prosperity. We conclude that the proposed model contributes to the expansion of innovation capability theory by shaping the innovations within the scope of social needs, which could be applied in other settings. For future research, we recommend a higher integration between the social innovation model and dynamic capabilities of the networking structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Innovation Practices: Cooperation and Collaborations in Scientific and Entrepreneurial Contexts)

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24 pages, 1872 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Success Factors of Startups in Research Literature within the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

by Javier Sevilla-Bernardo, Blanca Sanchez-Robles and Teresa C. Herrador-Alcaide

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030102 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 26403

Abstract

What are the most important factors for the success of a startup? This study aims to shed light on this issue through the statistical analysis of a bibliographical sample of 60 recent articles. Through a detailed study of the selected literature, but from [...] Read more.

What are the most important factors for the success of a startup? This study aims to shed light on this issue through the statistical analysis of a bibliographical sample of 60 recent articles. Through a detailed study of the selected literature, but from the perspective of business experience, we have identified the comparative relevance of those factors that recent research has highlighted as the main drivers of start-up success. Our analysis allows us to define a core of seven practical business success factors supported by the academic literature (Core-7 SF). This core makes it possible to identify the intersection between success in business practice and academic research. Our Core-7 SF shows that the most important variable to predict the success of a start-up is the Idea, followed by the CEO’s Leadership, the Business Model, the Marketing approach, and the Entrepreneurial Team. In addition, we found some differences between the geographic areas of affiliation of the authors, suggesting that cultural characteristics influence the weight given to the various reasons for success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research)

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18 pages, 376 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Give Me Five: The Most Important Social Values for Well-Being at Work

by Reinaldo Sousa Santos and Eva Petiz Lousã

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030101 - 11 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6741

Abstract

Social values are very important for well-being at work. This study investigates which and how social values affect well-being at work and contributes to the growing interest that the issue of quality of life at work has aroused in the areas of human [...] Read more.

Social values are very important for well-being at work. This study investigates which and how social values affect well-being at work and contributes to the growing interest that the issue of quality of life at work has aroused in the areas of human resources management (HRM). Semi-structured interviews were held with 21 active employees of a large Portuguese business group in the environmental sector. The study took place in two parts; first, in December 2018 and then two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, in January 2022. Theories and concepts emerged from the thematic analysis and the subsequent consideration of the literature and emerging conceptual understanding. This qualitative interview study examines what employees expect from work experience about the behavior of leaders and supervisors as representatives of the formal structure of the organization and the behavior of co-workers as an expression of an ethical and positive work environment. The findings show the five social values most important for employee well-being: respect, trust, equity with no discrimination, help and gratitude. The knowledge of the social values with more impact on employee well-being constitutes very important information for human resource management and for the employees, themselves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation and Strategic Management for Human Resources Development)

3 pages, 192 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Knowledge-Intensive Organizations and Their Role in Promoting Sustainable Development

by Rocio de la Torre and Jasmina Berbegal-Mirabent

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030100 - 11 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2039

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an unprecedented challenge with very severe socio-economic consequences [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge Intensive Organizations and Their Role in Promoting Sustainable Development)

17 pages, 798 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Investigating the Structural Effect of Achievement Motivation and Achievement on Leadership and Entrepreneurial Spirit of Students in Higher Education

by Bambang Budi Wiyono and Hsin-Hung Wu

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030099 - 10 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4504

Abstract

Today, it can be seen in the real world that many students are unemployed after graduating from college or university. Two soft skills are taught to determine the success of graduates at work, namely leadership and entrepreneurial spirit. The purpose of this study [...] Read more.

Today, it can be seen in the real world that many students are unemployed after graduating from college or university. Two soft skills are taught to determine the success of graduates at work, namely leadership and entrepreneurial spirit. The purpose of this study was to examine the structural effect of achievement motivation and achievement on student leadership and entrepreneurial spirit. This research was conducted in Indonesia, with a total sample of 789 students, through random sampling. Questionnaires and documentation techniques were used to collect the data, and then the data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. The results showed that both exogenous variables, namely achievement motivation and achievement, affected both endogenous variables, but that achievement motivation had a stronger influence on student leadership and entrepreneurial spirit. In addition, the effect of achievement motivation was higher on entrepreneurial spirit than on leadership, whereas leadership influenced the entrepreneurial spirit of the students only to a small extent. The influences of these variables were then thoroughly discussed according to the theories and relevant research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research)

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20 pages, 877 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Relationship between Experience, Well-Being, and Loyalty: A Study of Wellness Tourists

by Ramjit Singh, Parikshat Singh Manhas, Mudasir Ahmad Mir and Joana A. Quintela

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030098 - 9 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4400

Abstract

The present research aims to determine the relationship between the construct of autonomy, intrinsic motivation, and tourist experience, as well as loyalty in the context of wellness and spa tourism. The exploratory–descriptive design was adopted in the present research. A research instrument was [...] Read more.

The present research aims to determine the relationship between the construct of autonomy, intrinsic motivation, and tourist experience, as well as loyalty in the context of wellness and spa tourism. The exploratory–descriptive design was adopted in the present research. A research instrument was developed based on previous literature and was tested for a pilot study to check validity and reliability. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data from tourists who have gained spa experience. A total of 264 usable responses were received after distributing 400 questionnaires. The data were screened, processed, and analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and Smart-PLS 2.0. The investigation showed that intrinsic motivation, autonomy, and experience positively impact positive emotions and life satisfaction. Besides, it also supported that positive emotions, experience, and life Satisfaction lead to loyalty. Furthermore, the present study tested the mediating role of experience, positive emotions, and life satisfaction; it was also found that experience mediates the relationship between autonomy, positive emotions, and life satisfaction. Positive emotions and life satisfaction were mediators in the relationship between experience and loyalty. Finally, the findings showed that destination images moderated the relationship between experience, positive emotions, and life satisfaction. The results of this investigation can be helpful for both the research community and marketers interested in investigating the well-being of tourists and destination loyalty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)

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14 pages, 451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Why Were Innovators Motivated to Be Entrepreneurs? An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Start-Ups

by Chia-Liang Hung

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030097 - 6 Aug 2022

Viewed by 2166

Abstract

Background: According to the lead user theory, lead users at the front of a market, benefiting significantly from new products, usually have more innovation intension than general users. However, little research depicts the entrepreneurship motivations that drive innovators to become businesspeople. Hence, this [...] Read more.

Background: According to the lead user theory, lead users at the front of a market, benefiting significantly from new products, usually have more innovation intension than general users. However, little research depicts the entrepreneurship motivations that drive innovators to become businesspeople. Hence, this study investigates Taiwanese entrepreneurs to fill this gap in the research. Method: This study examines motivations for becoming an entrepreneur from small- and medium-sized enterprises in Taiwan. A multiple regression analysis is used to examine the relationship between lead user inclination and entrepreneurial motivations as well as to test the moderating effect of community involvement. Results: The research results summarise entrepreneurial motivations into five categories: product knowledge advantage, industry expertise, inducements to innovation, career expectations, and benchmarking and indicate the positive moderating effect of community involvement on the association between innovators and entrepreneurs. Conclusions: Additional research is suggested to catalyse motivations to aspire lead users to pursue business success as well as to enhance entrepreneurship education policy. This study contributes to understanding the inclination of lead users towards becoming entrepreneurs and, especially, to emphasise the role of community involvement, which increases the likelihood of innovators to be entrepreneurs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research)

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16 pages, 3573 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceSystematic Review

Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts in Decentralized Governance Systems

by Adam P. Balcerzak, Elvira Nica, Elżbieta Rogalska, Miloš Poliak, Tomáš Klieštik and Oana-Matilda Sabie

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030096 - 4 Aug 2022

Cited by 123 | Viewed by 11553

Abstract

The aim of our systematic review was to inspect the recently published literature on decentralized governance systems and integrate the insights it articulates on blockchain technology and smart contracts by employing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Throughout January [...] Read more.

The aim of our systematic review was to inspect the recently published literature on decentralized governance systems and integrate the insights it articulates on blockchain technology and smart contracts by employing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Throughout January and May 2022, a quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases was carried out, with search terms including “city” + “blockchain technology”, “smart contracts”, and “decentralized governance systems”. As the analyzed research studies were published between 2016 and 2022, only 371 sources satisfied the eligibility criteria. A Shiny app was harnessed for the PRISMA flow diagram to include evidence-based acquired and handled data. Analyzing the most recent and relevant sources and leveraging screening and quality assessment tools such as AMSTAR, Dedoose, Distiller SR, ROBIS, and SRDR, we integrated the core outcomes and robust correlations related to smart urban governance. As data visualization tools, for initial bibliometric mapping dimensions were harnessed, together with layout algorithms provided by VOSviewer. Future research should investigate smart contract governance of blockchain applications and infrastructure using decision-making tools and spatial cognition algorithms. Full article

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22 pages, 5193 KiB

Open AccessReview

Green Human Resource Management: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Jéssica Fachada, Teresa Rebelo, Paulo Lourenço, Isabel Dimas and Helena Martins

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030095 - 3 Aug 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6016

Abstract

Despite the growing attention which green human resource management (GHRM) has been gaining, the field is still remarkably young, and conceptual clarity is yet to be attained. A bibliometric review of GHRM from 2010 to 2020 was conducted on the Web of Science [...] Read more.

Despite the growing attention which green human resource management (GHRM) has been gaining, the field is still remarkably young, and conceptual clarity is yet to be attained. A bibliometric review of GHRM from 2010 to 2020 was conducted on the Web of Science and analyzed using the VOSviewer software package, version 1.6.16 developed by Van Eck and Waltman (Leiden, The Netherlands). The results show the exponential growth of this topic, although there seems to be no consensus regarding its definition, conceptualization and measurement. Concerning its conceptual development, GHRM seems to currently fit the second stage of development (evaluation and augmentation) of Reichers and Schneider’s three-stage model of the evolution of constructs. Future research seems to point in the direction of establishing the barriers separating GHRM from other human resource management topics, defining green practices and determining the antecedents and consequences of GHRM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Human Resources Management: Evaluating Challenges and Impacts for the Employee-Organization Relation)

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13 pages, 1134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hey Leaders, It’s Time to Train the Workforce: Critical Skills in the Digital Workplace

by Pauline Weritz

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030094 - 2 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4826

Abstract

Businesses are confronted with digital challenges and require skilled employees to work effectively in the digital workplace. Drawing on the theoretical background of digital workplace transformation and the conceptual learning framework, we conducted a qualitative study. With the help of a cross-case analysis [...] Read more.

Businesses are confronted with digital challenges and require skilled employees to work effectively in the digital workplace. Drawing on the theoretical background of digital workplace transformation and the conceptual learning framework, we conducted a qualitative study. With the help of a cross-case analysis of nine multinational corporations, we provide a skillset for leaders on how to train the workforce in the digital workplace. The insights showed that an entrepreneurial mindset, digital responsible thinking, digital literacy, transformative skills, personal development skills, communication skills, community management skills, data analytic skills, and web development skills are critical in the digital workplace. These findings contribute to the literature by offering an exploratory understanding of essential skills for the digital workplace. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical foundation for future empirical investigations of cognitive and metacognitive, social-emotional, and practical skills. The study also offers practical implications for businesses and leaders on how to upskill the workforce and what kind of employees to recruit in the future workplace. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Leaders and Empowered Employees: Insights into the Future of Work)

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15 pages, 484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Women Power on Firm Value

by Tiago Cruz Gonçalves, Cristina Gaio and Micaela Rodrigues

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030093 - 2 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3706

Abstract

Companies have been encouraged by policy to place women on board and top management positions. Proposals from regulators and governance reforms explicitly stress the importance of gender diversity in the boardroom. This paper analyzes the impact of the presence of women in executive [...] Read more.

Companies have been encouraged by policy to place women on board and top management positions. Proposals from regulators and governance reforms explicitly stress the importance of gender diversity in the boardroom. This paper analyzes the impact of the presence of women in executive and non-executive positions, as Chairs, CEOs or CFOs, on firm value in the context of European public companies. The results suggest that the presence of women impacts firm value positively. The results also suggest that, in countries governed by women, firm values are higher. A further analysis provides evidence that, when women CEOs and Chairs are simultaneously shareholders, firm value is negatively impacted. In contrast, when a Chair changes from a man to a woman, firm value is positively impacted. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on whether appointing women to board positions and management positions has positive valuation effects, and it is of the interest to policymakers and investors, among others. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender, Relational Capital and Technology. Present State and Historical Perspectives in Business and Economics)

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18 pages, 567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Burnout on Police Officers’ Performance and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Role of Compassion Satisfaction

by Gabriela Pedro Gomes, Neuza Ribeiro and Daniel Roque Gomes

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030092 - 28 Jul 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6963

Abstract

Burnout should be seen as an important phenomenon influencing the services provided by police forces, due to its high exposure to stressful events. The study sought to examine the impact of burnout on performance and turnover intention of Portuguese police forces, as well [...] Read more.

Burnout should be seen as an important phenomenon influencing the services provided by police forces, due to its high exposure to stressful events. The study sought to examine the impact of burnout on performance and turnover intention of Portuguese police forces, as well as to analyze the moderating effect of compassion satisfaction (CS) on this relationship. Data were collected in 2021 from 1.682 Portuguese police officers, using individual surveys. The results showed that (1) burnout is negatively related to performance; (2) burnout is positively related to turnover intention; (3) CS, although it has a positive effect on performance, does not assume a moderating role, as expected, in the relationship between burnout and performance; (4) CS assumes a moderating role in the relationship between burnout and turnover intention. That is, when a person who still suffers from burnout feels CS, it decreases the intention to leave the organization. The implications and the bearings of this study are discussed and presented regarding the theoretical, empirical and practical perspectives in order to better support both the comprehension of burnout in police officers and offer the best practical recommendations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wellbeing and Healthy Work Relationships: From Theoretical Perspectives to Interventions)

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14 pages, 845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Technology Boom(ers): How US Multinational Technology Companies Are Preparing for an Ageing Workforce

by Alan Stone and Nicholas Harkiolakis

Adm. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030091 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3521

Abstract

This study addresses a lack of knowledge of how US multinational organizations are preparing for an ageing workforce. The study took the form of a qualitative multiple-case study, comprising in depth semi-structured interviews of senior managers in target companies selected through purposive sampling. [...] Read more.

This study addresses a lack of knowledge of how US multinational organizations are preparing for an ageing workforce. The study took the form of a qualitative multiple-case study, comprising in depth semi-structured interviews of senior managers in target companies selected through purposive sampling. The study used institutional theory and dynamic capabilities theory as theoretical frameworks. The findings of the study imply that there are still no rigorous processes in place to support the contribution of older workers to the success of the organization, that legislative compliance is a key current focus, and that considerations of intersectionality between age and other aspects of diversity are emerging. These findings suggest recommendations for practice that are related to the transparency of age-related data, implementation of considered recruitment and retention strategies for older workers, and the direct involvement of older workers in technological product and service development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Leaders and Empowered Employees: Insights into the Future of Work)

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Adm. Sci., Volume 12, Issue 3 (September 2022) – 49 articles

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