Journal of Clinical Medicine

14 pages, 1838 KiB

Open AccessReview

Prostate-Associated Gene 4 (PAGE4): Leveraging the Conformational Dynamics of a Dancing Protein Cloud as a Therapeutic Target

by Ravi Salgia, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Tanya Dorff, Clayton Lau, Keith Weninger, John Orban and Prakash Kulkarni

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060156 - 17 Jun 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4703

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. While genomic alterations have been identified in PCa, in contrast to some other cancers, use of such information to personalize treatment is still in its infancy. Here, we discuss how PAGE4, [...] Read more.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. While genomic alterations have been identified in PCa, in contrast to some other cancers, use of such information to personalize treatment is still in its infancy. Here, we discuss how PAGE4, a protein which appears to act both as an oncogenic factor as well as a metastasis suppressor, is a novel therapeutic target for PCa. Inhibiting PAGE4 may be a viable strategy for low-risk PCa where it is highly upregulated. Conversely, PAGE4 expression is downregulated in metastatic PCa and, therefore, reinstituting its sustained expression may be a promising option to subvert or attenuate androgen-resistant PCa. Thus, fine-tuning the levels of PAGE4 may represent a novel approach for personalized medicine in PCa. Full article

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6 pages, 223 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Low Fecal Elastase-1 and Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia

by Mustafa Tahtaci, Huseyin Koseoglu, Murat Alisik, Oyku Tayfur Yurekli, Gozde Tahtaci, Ozcan Erel and Osman Ersoy

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060155 - 16 Jun 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3973

Abstract

Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is a term used to define a set of symptoms that are believed to originate from the gastroduodenal region, and no underlying organic, systemic, or metabolic reason can be found. The majority of patients suffer from chronic symptoms although half [...] Read more.

Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is a term used to define a set of symptoms that are believed to originate from the gastroduodenal region, and no underlying organic, systemic, or metabolic reason can be found. The majority of patients suffer from chronic symptoms although half of the patients report improvement in symptoms with time. The potential role exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in NUD patients has not been clarified yet. We aimed to identify exocrine pancreas function with pancreatic fecal elastase-1 in patients diagnosed with non-ulcer dyspepsia and no typical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) symptoms. Thirty-five patients referred to gastroenterology clinics with NUD and 35 people with no dyspeptic symptoms as a control group were included in this prospective study. Non-ulcer dyspepsia patients were classified as group 1 and control subjects classified as group 2. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed in both groups. Assessment of exocrine pancreatic function was performed by measuring fecal elastase-1 concentration with a commercial ELISA kit using polyclonal antibodies (BioServ Diagnostics) in NUD patients compared to control subjects. Mean fecal elastase-1 levels were significantly lower in group 1 patients compared with group 2 (367.47 ± 43.27; 502.48 ± 50.94 respectively; p = 0.04). The percentage of the patients with EPI was significantly higher in group 1 (p = 0.02). Patients with NUD should be re-evaluated if they do not show satisfactory improvement with treatment. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was significantly higher in patients with NUD in our study. Evaluation for the presence of EPI can be a cost effective approach in management of refractory patients during the process of ruling out organic reasons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine)

11 pages, 2223 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Betulin Suppresses Osteoclast Formation via Down-Regulating NFATc1

by Kwang-Jin Kim, Yongjin Lee, Hae-Gwang Hwang, Sang Hyun Sung, Mina Lee and Young-Jin Son

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060154 - 15 Jun 2018

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3855

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by osteoclast-mediated low bone mass. The modulation of osteoclasts is important for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of loss of bone mass. Osteoclasts, which are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, are differentiated from the hematopoietic stem cell monocyte/macrophage lineage by [...] Read more.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by osteoclast-mediated low bone mass. The modulation of osteoclasts is important for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of loss of bone mass. Osteoclasts, which are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, are differentiated from the hematopoietic stem cell monocyte/macrophage lineage by Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expressed from osteoblasts and stromal cells. RANKL signaling ultimately activates nuclear factor of activated T Cells 1 (NFATc1), which is a master transcription factor in osteoclastogenesis. Betulin, a lupine type pentacyclic triterpenoid, was isolated from the bark of Betula platyphylla. Betulin inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by downregulating NFATc1. Betulin may serve as a useful structural scaffold in the therapeutic agent development to prevention/treatment the osteoclast-mediated bone disorder. Full article

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12 pages, 244 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Update on Predictive Biomarkers for Treatment Selection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

by Tamkin Ahmadzada, Steven Kao, Glen Reid, Michael Boyer, Annabelle Mahar and Wendy A. Cooper

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060153 - 15 Jun 2018

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 7050

Abstract

It is now widely established that management of lung cancer is much more complex and cannot be centered on the binary classification of small-cell versus non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer is now recognized as a highly heterogeneous disease that develops from [...] Read more.

It is now widely established that management of lung cancer is much more complex and cannot be centered on the binary classification of small-cell versus non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer is now recognized as a highly heterogeneous disease that develops from genetic mutations and gene expression patterns, which initiate uncontrolled cellular growth, proliferation and progression, as well as immune evasion. Accurate biomarker assessment to determine the mutational status of driver mutations such as EGFR, ALK and ROS1, which can be targeted by specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, is now essential for treatment decision making in advanced stage NSCLC and has shifted the treatment paradigm of NSCLC to more individualized therapy. Rapid advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches to NSCLC treatment have been paralleled by development of a range of potential predictive biomarkers that can enrich for patient response, including PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden. Here, we review the key biomarkers that help predict response to treatment options in NSCLC patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Role of Biological Agents and Immunotherapy)

11 pages, 4725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Steatosis by Upregulating Energy Metabolizing Enzymes in the Liver

by Soonwoong Jung, Hyeonwi Son, Chung Eun Hwang, Kye Man Cho, Sang Won Park and Hyun Joon Kim

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060152 - 15 Jun 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4686

Abstract

Non-alcoholic steatosis is a common health problem worldwide due to altered food habits and life styles, and it is intimately linked with various metabolic disorders. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) against the development of non-alcoholic [...] Read more.

Non-alcoholic steatosis is a common health problem worldwide due to altered food habits and life styles, and it is intimately linked with various metabolic disorders. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) against the development of non-alcoholic steatosis using in vivo and in vitro settings. C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) were administered GL extract or vehicle for 16 weeks. HFD feeding increased serum alanine aminotransferase level and hepatic lipid droplet, but these increases were significantly attenuated by GL. GL inhibited the increases in epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue weights and serum cholesterol and LDL levels in HFD-fed mice. Fasting blood glucose levels were elevated in HFD-fed mice compared to ND-fed mice, and glucose and insulin sensitivities were deteriorated. These changes were markedly improved by GL. GL restored the reduction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in the liver of HFD-fed mice, and increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. GL induced GLUT4 protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Finally, GL attenuated lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acid in HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that GL has a potential to improve non-alcoholic steatosis and the associated complicated disorders via the induction of energy metabolizing enzymes. Full article

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14 pages, 272 KiB

Open AccessReview

Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Shifting Prognostic Paradigms

by Megan B. Barnet, Wendy A. Cooper, Michael J. Boyer and Steven Kao

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060151 - 14 Jun 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4531

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficacy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the adjuvant, first- and subsequent-line settings. In metastatic disease, they provide hope of durable response where “best-case” scenario has long been inadequate. This progress has highlighted the [...] Read more.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficacy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the adjuvant, first- and subsequent-line settings. In metastatic disease, they provide hope of durable response where “best-case” scenario has long been inadequate. This progress has highlighted the immunogenic nature of NSCLC and invigorated research into immunotherapy in the field. In this review we consider the foundations of immunotherapy in NSCLC, canvass the current research and summarise the evidence guiding clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Role of Biological Agents and Immunotherapy)

7 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pharmacokinetics of Tedizolid and Pseudoephedrine Administered Alone or in Combination in Healthy Volunteers

by Shawn Flanagan, Sonia L. Minassian and Philippe Prokocimer

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060150 - 14 Jun 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3511

Abstract

Therapeutic doses of tedizolid phosphate, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, lack monoamine oxidase inhibition in vivo, potentially resulting in an improved safety profile versus other oxazolidinones. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover, phase 1 study (NCT01577459) assessed the potential for pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between [...] Read more.

Therapeutic doses of tedizolid phosphate, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, lack monoamine oxidase inhibition in vivo, potentially resulting in an improved safety profile versus other oxazolidinones. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover, phase 1 study (NCT01577459) assessed the potential for pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between tedizolid and pseudoephedrine. Eighteen healthy volunteers (age: 18–45 years) were block-randomized to 1 of 2 treatment sequences containing 2 treatment periods (tedizolid phosphate or placebo once daily for 4 days; single dose of pseudoephedrine 60 mg on day 5) separated by a 2-day washout. Median time to maximum plasma concentration for tedizolid and pseudoephedrine ranged from 3 to 4 h, regardless of treatment coadministration. Steady-state tedizolid had no effect on the PK of pseudoephedrine; geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval remained within the no-effect 0.8 to 1.25 boundaries. The maximum observed concentration of tedizolid decreased by approximately 14% when pseudoephedrine was coadministered; no changes in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve or the minimum observed plasma concentration occurred. All adverse events (AEs) were mild, and there were no serious AEs or study drug discontinuations. No meaningful PK interactions occurred between tedizolid and pseudoephedrine, and tedizolid was well tolerated when administered in conjunction with pseudoephedrine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)

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6 pages, 180 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Complementary Medicine: Risks to Infants and Children

by Terry Polevoy

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060149 - 12 Jun 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5810

Abstract

Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) that targets infants and children can place them at grave risk. Our plan is to review some of the major cases of CAM used by parents, and by unlicensed and even licensed health professionals. Complications from CAM are rarely [...] Read more.

Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) that targets infants and children can place them at grave risk. Our plan is to review some of the major cases of CAM used by parents, and by unlicensed and even licensed health professionals. Complications from CAM are rarely the focus of regulatory bodies, or even the courts. Even regulated health professionals, who have profited by misrepresenting science-based evidence for treatment or prevention of disease, have been rarely sanctioned by their respective Boards or Colleges. This must change. In addition, there is a dire need for regulators, including the governments, who allow quack products and devices to be marketed in their respective countries, to prosecute them. Existing regulations must be coupled with more effective enforcement. Some of these cases have had a direct connection to me personally, while others are examples of just plain dangerous quackery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)

15 pages, 297 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Procalcitonin in the Diagnosis of Meningitis: A Literature Review

by Dimitrios Velissaris, Martina Pintea, Nikolaos Pantzaris, Eirini Spatha, Vassilios Karamouzos, Charalampos Pierrakos and Menelaos Karanikolas

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060148 - 11 Jun 2018

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 8151

Abstract

Objective: To review the current published literature on the use of procalcitonin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in adult patients with meningitis. Methods: We conducted a PubMed search to identify all relevant publications regarding the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum procalcitonin [...] Read more.

Objective: To review the current published literature on the use of procalcitonin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in adult patients with meningitis. Methods: We conducted a PubMed search to identify all relevant publications regarding the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum procalcitonin in patients with a known or suspected central nervous system infection. We also reviewed the bibliographies of all identified manuscripts in an attempt to identify additional relevant references. Results: A significant body of evidence suggests that serum procalcitonin has a promising role and can be a useful biomarker in the assessment of patients with meningitis. Conclusions: Our literature review suggests that data on the role of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) procalcitonin are limited, whereas serum procalcitonin (S–PCT) is probably a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with a known or suspected central nervous system infection and can help distinguish between bacterial and viral meningitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Critical Illness: Basic and Clinical Research Implications)

9 pages, 535 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Randomized Controlled Trial Considering Varied Exercises for Reducing Proactive Memory Interference

by Emily Frith, Eveleen Sng and Paul D. Loprinzi

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060147 - 11 Jun 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4077

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of exercise on proactive memory interference. Study 1 (n = 88) employed a 15-min treadmill walking protocol, while Study 2 (n = 88) included a 15-min bout of progressive maximal exertion treadmill exercise. Each study included four [...] Read more.

We evaluated the effects of exercise on proactive memory interference. Study 1 (n = 88) employed a 15-min treadmill walking protocol, while Study 2 (n = 88) included a 15-min bout of progressive maximal exertion treadmill exercise. Each study included four distinct groups, in which groups of 22 participants each were randomly assigned to: (a) exercise before memory encoding, (b) a control group with no exercise, (c) exercise during memory encoding, and (d) exercise after memory encoding (i.e., during memory consolidation). We used the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to assess proactive memory interference. In both studies, the group that exercised prior to memory encoding recalled the most words from list B (distractor list) of the RAVLT, though group differences were not statistically significant for Study 1 (walking exercise) (p = 0.521) or Study 2 (high-intensity exercise) (p = 0.068). In this sample of young adults, high intensity exercise prior to memory encoding showed a non-significant tendency to attenuate impairments in recall attributable to proactive memory interference. Thus, future work with larger samples is needed to clarify potential beneficial effects of exercise for reducing proactive memory interference. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Function)

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9 pages, 498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Iconic Memory, Short-Term Episodic, and Long-Term Episodic Memory

by Danielle Yanes and Paul D. Loprinzi

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060146 - 11 Jun 2018

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6001

Abstract

The present experiment evaluated the effects of acute exercise on iconic memory and short- and long-term episodic memory. A two-arm, parallel-group randomized experiment was employed (n = 20 per group; M_age = 21 year). The experimental group engaged in an acute [...] Read more.

The present experiment evaluated the effects of acute exercise on iconic memory and short- and long-term episodic memory. A two-arm, parallel-group randomized experiment was employed (n = 20 per group; M_age = 21 year). The experimental group engaged in an acute bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise for 15 min, while the control group engaged in a seated, time-matched computer task. Afterwards, the participants engaged in a paragraph-level episodic memory task (20 min delay and 24 h delay recall) as well as an iconic memory task, which involved 10 trials (at various speeds from 100 ms to 800 ms) of recalling letters from a 3 × 3 array matrix. For iconic memory, there was a significant main effect for time (F = 42.9, p < 0.001, η²_p = 0.53) and a trend towards a group × time interaction (F = 2.90, p = 0.09, η²_p = 0.07), but no main effect for group (F = 0.82, p = 0.37, η²_p = 0.02). The experimental group had higher episodic memory scores at both the baseline (19.22 vs. 17.20) and follow-up (18.15 vs. 15.77), but these results were not statistically significant. These findings provide some suggestive evidence hinting towards an iconic memory and episodic benefit from acute exercise engagement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Function)

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11 pages, 2028 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preoperative and Postoperative Assessment of Ultrasonographic Measurement of Inferior Vena Cava: A Prospective, Observational Study

by Ayhan Kaydu and Erhan Gokcek

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060145 - 10 Jun 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4108

Abstract

Background: Ultrasound measurement of dynamic changes in inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CI) are used to estimate the fluid responsiveness and intravascular volume status. We conducted an analysis to quantify the sonographic measurement of IVC diameter changes in adult patients [...] Read more.

Background: Ultrasound measurement of dynamic changes in inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CI) are used to estimate the fluid responsiveness and intravascular volume status. We conducted an analysis to quantify the sonographic measurement of IVC diameter changes in adult patients at the preoperative and postoperative periods. Methods: Ultrasonography was performed on 72 patients scheduled for surgery with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to III. Quantitative assessments of the end-expiration (D_min), end-inspiration (D_max), and CI at preoperative and postoperative period were compared in a prospective, observational study. The patients received intravenous fluid according to standard protocol regimes peroperatively. Results: Ultrasonography of IVC measurement was unsuccessful in 12.5% of patients and 63 patients remained for analyses. The mean age was 43.29 ± 17.22 (range 18–86) years. The average diameter of the D_min, D_max, and dIVC preoperative and postoperative were 1.99 ± 0.31 vs. 2.05 ± 0.29 cm, 1.72 ± 0.33 vs. 1.74 ± 0.32 cm, 14.0 ± 9.60% vs. 15.14 ± 11.18%, respectively (p > 0.05). CI was positively associated preoperatively and postoperatively (regression coefficient = 0.438, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The diameter of the IVC did not change preoperatively and postoperatively in adult patients with standard fluid regimens. The parameters of the IVC diameter increased postoperatively according to the preoperative period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Vascular Medicine)

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23 pages, 1397 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current and Future Molecular Testing in NSCLC, What Can We Expect from New Sequencing Technologies?

by Simon Garinet, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Hélène Blons and Jean-Baptiste Oudart

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060144 - 9 Jun 2018

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 7746

Abstract

Recent changes in lung cancer care, including new approvals in first line and the introduction of high-throughput molecular technologies in routine testing led us to question ourselves on how deeper molecular testing may be helpful for the optimal use of targeted drugs. In [...] Read more.

Recent changes in lung cancer care, including new approvals in first line and the introduction of high-throughput molecular technologies in routine testing led us to question ourselves on how deeper molecular testing may be helpful for the optimal use of targeted drugs. In this article, we review recent results in the scope of personalized medicine in lung cancer. We discuss biomarkers that have a therapeutic predictive value in lung cancer with a focus on recent changes and on the clinical value of large scale sequencing strategies. We review the use of second- and third-generation EGFR and ALK inhibitors with a focus on secondary resistance alterations. We discuss anti-BRAF and anti-MEK combo, emerging biomarkers as NRG1 and NTRKs fusions and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the different technical issues of comprehensive molecular profiling and show how large screenings might refine the prediction value of individual markers. Based on a review of recent publications (2012–2018), we address promising approaches for the treatment of patients with lung cancers and the technical challenges associated with the identification of new predictive markers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Role of Biological Agents and Immunotherapy)

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11 pages, 27752 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Platelet-Rich Plasma May Offer a New Hope in Suppressed Wound Healing When Compared to Mesenchymal Stem Cells

by Oktay Aydin, Gökhan Karaca, Faruk Pehlivanli, Canan Altunkaya, Hafize Uzun, Hüseyin Özden, Gülçin Aydin, İbrahim Tayfun Şahiner, Mehmet Niyaz and Osman Güler

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060143 - 8 Jun 2018

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 8590

Abstract

Background: The present study investigated the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in wound healing suppressed by corticosteroid in rats. Methods: Forty rats were separated into four groups. To disrupt the wound-healing processes, intraperitoneal single dose 10 mg/kg methylprednisolone [...] Read more.

Background: The present study investigated the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in wound healing suppressed by corticosteroid in rats. Methods: Forty rats were separated into four groups. To disrupt the wound-healing processes, intraperitoneal single dose 10 mg/kg methylprednisolone was administered to all rats with the exception of Sham-S group. Then, full-thickness incision was performed to the abdominal skin of all animals, and PRP or MSCs were applied to the incision line except the Sham-S and Sham-M group animals. Ten days later, all animals were sacrificed to investigate: tissue collagenization, inflammation, and re-epithelialization grades histopathologically; and tissue hydroxyproline (HP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α levels biochemically. Results: Collagenization (p = 0.003) and inflammation grade (p = 0.002) values were higher in PR group. Tissue HP level value was found to be high in MC group (p < 0.001). Tissue IL-1β level value of Sham-M group was lower than those of other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This preliminary study revealed that PRP could improve the histopathological grades in wound healing which was suppressed by corticosteroid in rats, while MSCs could show their therapeutic effects via biochemical route. These positive effects were more salient in PR group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hematology)

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7 pages, 200 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Neglected Issue in Ulcerative Colitis: Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

by Abdurrahman Sahin, Hakan Artas, Yesim Eroglu, Nurettin Tunc, Gulcan Oguz, Ulvi Demirel, Orhan Kursat Poyrazoglu, Mehmet Yalniz and Ibrahim Halil Bahcecioglu

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060142 - 8 Jun 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4710

Abstract

Data evaluating the presence and characteristics of mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. The aim of this study is to determine the presence and characteristics of LNs in UC. The LN characteristics in computed tomography (CT), including [...] Read more.

Data evaluating the presence and characteristics of mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. The aim of this study is to determine the presence and characteristics of LNs in UC. The LN characteristics in computed tomography (CT), including LN dimension and attenuation, were evaluated retrospectively in 100 patients with UC (61 active and 39 inactive cases). Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters, including CBC, biochemical analysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C reactive protein (CRP) were also compared. Mesenteric LNs were evident in all patients with UC. The attenuation and dimension of mesenteric LNs did not differ between active and inactive patients with UC. No correlation was found among patients with UC in terms of LN dimension, attenuation, ESR, CRP, leucocyte, and albumin (all with p > 0.05). The current study suggested that inflammation results in the development of mesenteric LN in UC, similar to Crohn’s disease and other inflammatory disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine)

10 pages, 827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

PRDM16 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Obesity and Blood Lipids Profiles in Saudi Population

by Aishah AlAmrani, Mouaadh AbdelKarim and Mohammed AlZoghaibi

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060141 - 8 Jun 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4524

Abstract

Aims: The PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) gene and the Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4) gene are both an essential regulators in the thermogenesis process in the brown adipose tissues (BAT). The influence of polymorphisms in those genes on obesity and [...] Read more.

Aims: The PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) gene and the Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4) gene are both an essential regulators in the thermogenesis process in the brown adipose tissues (BAT). The influence of polymorphisms in those genes on obesity and blood lipids profile is unknown particularly in the Saudi population, so the current study is aiming to explore that. Methods: A case control format was used that involved 89 obese individual and 84 non-obese (control). The PRDM16 (rs2651899) and PDE4D (rs295978) polymorphisms were genotyped using KASP™ (Competitive Allele-Specific PCR) method. Results: The distributions of the AA, GG, and AG genotypes of PRDM16 (rs2651899) polymorphism were 0.19, 0.26 and 0.54, respectively. While the distribution of the mutated allele A was 0.7 in the obese group comparing to 0.34 in the non-obese group. Participants with the mutated genotypes, AA and AG, of PRDM16 (rs2651899) polymorphism were significantly more likely to be obese as compared to participants with wild type genotype (OR = 21, 95% CI = 5.4190 to 84.4231, p value < 0.0001 and OR = 44.6, 95% CI = 11.5984 to 172.0157, p value < 0.0001, respectively). The wild type GG genotype of this polymorphism was associated with higher blood cholesterol, HDL and LDL but lower blood triglyceride compared with the mutated genotypes (p = 0.003, p = 0.008, p = 0.02 and p = 0.003, respectively). In contrast, PDE4D (rs295978) polymorphism was not associated with risk of obesity and had no effects on blood lipids profile. Conclusions: We found that the PRDM16 polymorphism (rs2651899) is a risk factor for obesity and influence blood lipids profiles significantly in Saudi population. While the PDE4D (rs295978) polymorphism didn’t show significant effect on risk of obesity or blood lipids profiles. Full article

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17 pages, 698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Combined Smartwatch and Social Media Intervention on Breast Cancer Survivor Health Outcomes: A 10-Week Pilot Randomized Trial

by Zachary C. Pope, Nan Zeng, Rui Zhang, Hee Yun Lee and Zan Gao

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060140 - 7 Jun 2018

Cited by 64 | Viewed by 6703

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) among breast cancer survivors (BCS) can improve this population’s health and quality of life (QoL). This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combined smartwatch- and social media-based health education intervention on BCS’s health outcomes. Thirty BCS (

\bar{X}

_age [...] Read more.

Physical activity (PA) among breast cancer survivors (BCS) can improve this population’s health and quality of life (QoL). This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combined smartwatch- and social media-based health education intervention on BCS’s health outcomes. Thirty BCS (

\bar{X}

_age = 52.6 ± 9.3 years;

\bar{X}

_Wt = 80.2 ± 19.6 kg) participated in this 10-week, 2-arm randomized trial, with BCS randomized into: (1) experimental group (n = 16): received Polar M400 smartwatches for daily PA tracking and joined a Facebook group wherein Social Cognitive Theory-related PA tips were provided twice weekly; and (2) comparison group (n = 14): only joined separate, but content-identical Facebook group. Outcomes included PA, physiological, psychosocial, and QoL variables. Specifically, PA and energy expenditure (EE) was assessed by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers while physiological, psychosocial, and QoL were examined via validated instruments at baseline and post-intervention. No baseline group differences were observed for any variable. Ten BCS dropped out of the study (experimental: 4; comparison: 6). Compared to completers, dropouts differed significantly on several outcomes. Thus, a per-protocol analysis was performed, revealing significant group differences for changes in social support (t = −2.1, p = 0.05) and barriers (t = −2.2, p = 0.04). Interestingly, the comparison group demonstrated improvements for both variables while the intervention group demonstrated slightly decreased social support and no change in barriers. Notably, both groups demonstrated similarly increased daily light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, EE, and steps of 7.7 min, 5.1 min, 25.1 kcals, and 339 steps, respectively, over time. Despite extensive user training, several experimental BCS found the Polar M400 use difficult—possibly decreasing intervention adherence. Future interventions should utilize simpler smartwatches to promote PA among middle-aged clinical/non-clinical populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technology Applications to Promote Physical Activity and Health)

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11 pages, 703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio Predicts Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes after Curative Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

by Tak Kyu Oh, Young-Rok Choi, Jai Young Cho, Yoo-Suk Yoon, Ho-Seong Han, In Sun Park and Jung-Hee Ryu

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060139 - 7 Jun 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3535

Abstract

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while albumin is known to be a disease severity index of the malnutrition status in HCC patients. The present study investigated the association between postoperative hsCRP/albumin ratio and both overall survival [...] Read more.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while albumin is known to be a disease severity index of the malnutrition status in HCC patients. The present study investigated the association between postoperative hsCRP/albumin ratio and both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) following HCC surgery. This retrospective observational study examined the medical records of 389 patients who underwent resection for HCC between 2004 and 2013. Postoperative day 0–1 hsCRP/albumin ratio was collected, and the optimal postoperative mortality cut-off point was derived using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. A postoperative hsCRP/albumin ratio increase of 1.0 was associated with a 1.171-fold increase in mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 1.171, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.072–1.278, p < 0.001) and a 1.19-fold increase in recurrence (HR: 1.190, 95% CI: 1.108–1.278, p < 0.001). The hsCRP/albumin ratio cut-off point was found to be 0.625 and 0.500. When patients were grouped by this cut-off point, the >0.625 group showed a 2.257-fold increase in mortality (HR: 2.257, 95% CI: 1.470–3.466, p < 0.001), and the >0.500 group showed a 1.518-fold increase in recurrence (HR: 1.518, 95% CI: 1.125–2.050, p = 0.006). Full article

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5 pages, 180 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Why Current Statistics of Complementary Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials is Invalid

by Maurizio Pandolfi and Giulia Carreras

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060138 - 7 Jun 2018

Viewed by 3289

Abstract

It is not sufficiently known that frequentist statistics cannot provide direct information on the probability that the research hypothesis tested is correct. The error resulting from this misunderstanding is compounded when the hypotheses under scrutiny have precarious scientific bases, which, generally, those of [...] Read more.

It is not sufficiently known that frequentist statistics cannot provide direct information on the probability that the research hypothesis tested is correct. The error resulting from this misunderstanding is compounded when the hypotheses under scrutiny have precarious scientific bases, which, generally, those of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) are. In such cases, it is mandatory to use inferential statistics, considering the prior probability that the hypothesis tested is true, such as the Bayesian statistics. The authors show that, under such circumstances, no real statistical significance can be achieved in CAM clinical trials. In this respect, CAM trials involving human material are also hardly defensible from an ethical viewpoint. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)

2 pages, 133 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Alternative Practitioners Amuse the Patient, While Medics Cure the Disease

by Edzard Ernst

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060137 - 5 Jun 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2777

Abstract

n/a Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)

9 pages, 952 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Brace Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

by Hiroshi Kuroki

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060136 - 4 Jun 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 12606

Abstract

In the past, numerous non-operative treatments for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), including exercise, physical therapy, electrical stimulation, and brace treatment, have been tried to delay or prevent the curve progression. Of these, brace treatment is the only option that is widely accepted and [...] Read more.

In the past, numerous non-operative treatments for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), including exercise, physical therapy, electrical stimulation, and brace treatment, have been tried to delay or prevent the curve progression. Of these, brace treatment is the only option that is widely accepted and has demonstrated the efficacy to alter the natural history of AIS. Recently, the importance of brace treatment for AIS has been increasing since the efficacy was objectively established by the BrAIST (Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial) study in 2013. This editorial article summarizes the current status of brace treatment in patients with AIS and discusses future prospects on the basis of our clinical experiences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spinal Deformity)

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6 pages, 564 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Kidney Diseases and Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Approach for Improving Care by Involving Nephrology, Obstetrics, Neonatology, Urology, Diabetology, Bioethics, and Internal Medicine

by Giorgina Barbara Piccoli, Rossella Attini and Gianfranca Cabiddu

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060135 - 4 Jun 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4613

Abstract

This multidisciplinary series is aimed at offering readers many opportunities to appreciate how a clinical and ethical approach to pregnancy has changed in patients with kidney diseases and with related conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and immunologic diseases. Furthermore, this series aims to focus [...] Read more.

This multidisciplinary series is aimed at offering readers many opportunities to appreciate how a clinical and ethical approach to pregnancy has changed in patients with kidney diseases and with related conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and immunologic diseases. Furthermore, this series aims to focus on the fact that many issues remain unreslved, that there are enormous gaps in knowledge, and that the bioethical approach needs to integrated in the clinical practice, which would allow for a deeper appreciation of different cultural and religious backgrounds. Much still needs to be done to allow women suffering from all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those with predisposed conditions, so that they may experience safe pregnancies, starting from an increased awareness of the importance of CKD, even in its early stages, to the detection of risk factors. Women who have experienced preeclampsia or acute kidney injury in pregnancy need to have follow-up checks. The role of urinary infections, kidney stones, and urinary malformations is not fully acknowledged, nor have univocal control schedules and treatment schemas yet been defined for the different kidney diseases. In this regard, the fight for equitable treatment for all women with acute or chronic kidney disease in pregnancy and for the widespread prevention of adverse pregnancy-related and long-term outcomes is ultimately a battle for equitable healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kidney Diseases and Kidney Involvement in Pregnancy: the Crossroad of Obstetrics, Nephrology, Urology and Internal Medicine)

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7 pages, 196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Interictal Electroencephalography Findings in Newly Diagnosed Epileptic Children

by Mehmet Alp Dirik and Burcin Sanlidag

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060134 - 1 Jun 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3083

Abstract

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most frequently diagnosed chronic neurological disorders in children. Diagnosis is often based on seizure history and electroencephalography (EEG) assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for etiologic workup and intervention requirements. We aimed to detect by MRI [...] Read more.

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most frequently diagnosed chronic neurological disorders in children. Diagnosis is often based on seizure history and electroencephalography (EEG) assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for etiologic workup and intervention requirements. We aimed to detect by MRI if focal structural abnormalities are present in the brain in relation to interictal epileptiform discharges (IED). Material and Methods: The study was designed retrospectively. The data were collected from patients admitted to Near East University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, who were aged between 3 months and 18 years and who were diagnosed with epilepsy. The cases considered in the current study, however, were patients that had an EEG record prior to initiating treatment and an MRI within the first six months following diagnosis. Results: Among 222 patients, 212 (95.5%) had IED, and 92 (41.4%) had abnormal MRI results. The most frequently seen abnormalities detected by MRI were encephalomalacia, hydrocephaly, and atrophy. Among patients who had IED, the ones with multifocal IED were documented to have a statistically significant higher rate of abnormalities in MRI scans. In other patients, IED had no significant correlation with structural lesions detected by MRI. Conclusion: IED can be unrelated to MRI findings. Focal IED were not statistically concordant with the structural lesions detected by MRI. However, for the cases with multifocal discharges revealed by interictal EEG, the rate of abnormalities detected using MRI was 68%. Therefore, the likelihood of detecting abnormalities using MRI in patients with multifocal IED does support the necessity of the use of MRI in early diagnosis stages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nuclear Medicine & Radiology)

10 pages, 720 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Patterns of Occurrence and Outcomes of Contralateral Breast Cancer: Analysis of SEER Data

by Zhenchong Xiong, Lin Yang, Guangzheng Deng, Xinjian Huang, Xing Li, Xinhua Xie, Jin Wang, Zeyu Shuang and Xi Wang

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060133 - 31 May 2018

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3939

Abstract

Population-based estimates are lacking for the temporal trends in the contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk for patients with breast cancer (BC). Data for BC patients diagnosed with CBC were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. CBC incidence was calculated using [...] Read more.

Population-based estimates are lacking for the temporal trends in the contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk for patients with breast cancer (BC). Data for BC patients diagnosed with CBC were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. CBC incidence was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the temporal trend in CBC incidence was assessed using joinpoint regression. Survival analysis was calculated using propensity scoring (PS) and multivariate Cox regression with a competing risk model. We found that 10,944 of 212,630 patients with early-stage BC were subsequently diagnosed with secondary BC in the contralateral breast. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year cumulative CBC incidences were 1.9, 4.6, 7.6, and 10.5%, respectively. Being younger (<40 years), black, hormone receptor-negative, and having undergone radiotherapy were correlated with a high risk of CBC occurrence. CBC incidence increased continuously in the first 11 years after the initial cancer diagnosis, and the upward trend slowed from years 11 to 21, and tended to decline from years 21 to 24. CBC diagnosis was significantly and negatively associated with survival. We reported population-based estimates of the CBC occurrence pattern and risk factors. Patients are at high risk of developing CBC in the first 21 years after the initial BC diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)

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11 pages, 586 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Sex in Memory Function: Considerations and Recommendations in the Context of Exercise

by Paul D. Loprinzi and Emily Frith

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060132 - 31 May 2018

Cited by 81 | Viewed by 12306

Abstract

There is evidence to suggest that biological sex plays a critical role in memory function, with sex differentially influencing memory type. In this review, we detail the current evidence evaluating sex-specific effects on various memory types. We also discuss potential mechanisms that explain [...] Read more.

There is evidence to suggest that biological sex plays a critical role in memory function, with sex differentially influencing memory type. In this review, we detail the current evidence evaluating sex-specific effects on various memory types. We also discuss potential mechanisms that explain these sex-specific effects, which include sex differences in neuroanatomy, neurochemical differences, biological differences, and cognitive and affect-related differences. Central to this review, we also highlight that, despite the established sex differences in memory, there is little work directly comparing whether males and females have a differential exercise-induced effect on memory function. As discussed herein, such a differential effect is plausible given the clear sex-specific effects on memory, exercise response, and molecular mediators of memory. We emphasize that future work should be carefully powered to detect sex differences. Future research should also examine these potential exercise-related sex-specific effects for various memory types and exercise intensities and modalities. This will help enhance our understanding of whether sex indeed moderates the effects of exercise and memory function, and as such, will improve our understanding of whether sex-specific, memory-enhancing interventions should be developed, implemented, and evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Function)

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3 pages, 128 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Biobanking and Regenerative Medicine: An Overview

by David T. Harris

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060131 - 31 May 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2955

Abstract

n/a Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biobanking and Regenerative Medicine)

10 pages, 2398 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Differentiation of Head and Neck Masses

by Lutfi Kanmaz and Erdal Karavas

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060130 - 29 May 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6069

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in differentiating benign and malignant head and neck masses by comparing their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The study included 32 patients with a neck mass >1 cm in [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in differentiating benign and malignant head and neck masses by comparing their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The study included 32 patients with a neck mass >1 cm in diameter who were examined with echo planar DW-MRI. Two different diffusion gradients (b values of b = 0 and b = 1000 s/mm²) were applied. DWI and ADC maps of 32 neck masses in 32 patients were obtained. Mean ADC values of benign and malignant neck lesions were measured and compared statistically. A total of 15 (46.9%) malignant masses and 17 (53.1%) benign masses were determined. Of all the neck masses, the ADC value of cystic masses was the highest and that of lymphomas was the lowest. The mean ADC values of benign and malignant neck masses were 1.57 × 10⁻³ mm²/s and 0.90 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, respectively. The difference between mean ADC values of benign and malignant neck masses was significant (p < 0.01). Diffusion-weighted MRI with ADC measurements can be useful in the differential diagnosis of neck masses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Critical Illness: Basic and Clinical Research Implications)

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11 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real-World Use and Outcomes of ALK-Positive Crizotinib-Treated Metastatic NSCLC in US Community Oncology Practices: A Retrospective Observational Study

by Craig Reynolds, Elizabeth T. Masters, Jenny Black-Shinn, Marley Boyd, Jack Mardekian, Janet L. Espirito and Marc Chioda

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060129 - 29 May 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4138

Abstract

Introduction: Around 3–5% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are ALK-positive. Crizotinib was the first approved ALK inhibitor from clinical trials. However, there are less data on the utilization and patient outcomes associated with crizotinib in real-world clinical practice. Methods: This was a [...] Read more.

Introduction: Around 3–5% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are ALK-positive. Crizotinib was the first approved ALK inhibitor from clinical trials. However, there are less data on the utilization and patient outcomes associated with crizotinib in real-world clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of adult crizotinib-treated ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC patients who received treatment between 1 September 2011 and 31 October 2014, with follow up through 31 December 2015. Data were obtained via programmatic queries of the US Oncology Network/McKesson Specialty Health electronic health record database, supplemented with chart abstraction. Overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF) were estimated from crizotinib initiation using the Kaplan–Meier (KM) method. Results: Of the n = 199 ALK-positive crizotinib-treated patients meeting eligibility criteria, crizotinib was prescribed as first line (1 L) in n = 123 (61.8%). The majority (88.9%) had confirmed adenocarcinoma histology and 32.2% had brain metastases at initial diagnosis. Median age at crizotinib initiation was 60.2 years (range 27.1–88.2); 54.8% were never smokers, 33.7% were former smokers. Treatment of 250 mg, twice daily, was most commonly prescribed (89.5%) with the dose unchanged from an initial dose in 79.4% of patients. The primary discontinuation reason was progression (n = 91, 58.7%). Patients (3.2%) were identified as discontinuing crizotinib as a result of treatment-related toxicity. With median follow-up time of 13.0 months (min–max = 0.03–46.6), median OS from crizotinib initiation was 33.8 months (95% CI = 24.3–38.8). Median TTF was 10.4 months. Conclusions: Crizotinib usage evaluated within the real-world setting is consistent with prior phase III clinical trial data, and illustrates the real-world effectiveness of crizotinib. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Role of Biological Agents and Immunotherapy)

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10 pages, 2115 KiB

Open AccessReview

Minimally Invasive Limited Ligation Endoluminal-Assisted Revision (MILLER): A Review of the Available Literature and Brief Overview of Alternate Therapies in Dialysis Associated Steal Syndrome

by William W. Sheaffer, Patrick T. Hangge, Anthony H. Chau, Sadeer J. Alzubaidi, M-Grace Knuttinen, Sailendra G. Naidu, Suvranu Ganguli, Rahmi Oklu and Victor J. Davila

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060128 - 29 May 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 10697

Abstract

Dialysis associated steal syndrome (DASS) is a relatively rare but debilitating complication of arteriovenous fistulas. While mild symptoms can be observed, if severe symptoms are left untreated, DASS can result in ulcerations and limb threatening ischemia. High-flow with resultant heart failure is another [...] Read more.

Dialysis associated steal syndrome (DASS) is a relatively rare but debilitating complication of arteriovenous fistulas. While mild symptoms can be observed, if severe symptoms are left untreated, DASS can result in ulcerations and limb threatening ischemia. High-flow with resultant heart failure is another documented complication following dialysis access procedures. Historically, open surgical procedures have been the mainstay of therapy for both DASS as well as high-flow. These procedures included ligation, open surgical banding, distal revascularization-interval ligation, revascularization using distal inflow, and proximal invasion of arterial inflow. While effective, open surgical procedures and general anesthesia are preferably avoided in this high-risk population. Minimally invasive limited ligation endoluminal-assisted revision (MILLER) offers both a precise as well as a minimally invasive approach to treating both dialysis associated steal syndrome as well as high-flow with resultant heart failure. MILLER is not ideal for all DASS patients, particularly those with low-flow fistulas. We aim to briefly describe the open surgical therapies as well as review both the technical aspects of the MILLER procedure and the available literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Image Guided Interventions and Emerging Technologies)

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10 pages, 513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Personality Traits on the Severity of Alcohol Use Disorders

by Aida Álvarez, José J. Ávila, Diego J. Palao and Ángel L. Montejo

J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060127 - 29 May 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3513

Abstract

Introduction: Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are the most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis in the general population. The study of personality characteristics, using Cloninger Personality Inventory (TCI-R), allows us to know the evolution of these patients at the beginning of treatment. Material and Method: We [...] Read more.

Introduction: Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are the most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis in the general population. The study of personality characteristics, using Cloninger Personality Inventory (TCI-R), allows us to know the evolution of these patients at the beginning of treatment. Material and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study for 3 years with a total of 304 patients. We studied the severity of their alcohol disorder by the Alcohol Dependency Intensity Scale (EIDA), Scale of Obsessive Consumption Compulsive (OCDS) and European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EUROPASI); we studied the relationship with the personality traits of TCI-R. Results and conclusions: The personality lines influence the evolution of alcohol use disorder (AUD). People with higher scores on Reward Dependency (RD), Persistence (P), Cooperation (CO) and Autotranscendence (ST) have a better prognosis while people with higher scores on Search for Novelty (SN) and Avoidance of Damage (AD) have a worst prognosis. Women present differences in consumption in relation to men, as a consequence of their personality. Women have lower scores in Persistence (P) y Self-Transcendence (ST) which are associated with the greater severity of their addiction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)

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