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Animals
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Recent Advancements in Livestock Waste and Wastewater Management
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Recent Advancements in Livestock Waste and Wastewater Management

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 16749

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Changsix Ra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bio-resources and Environmental Engineering Lab, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
Interests: livestock manure management; wastewater treatment; resource recovery and recycling; odor control; nutrient budgeting and management; energy production and utilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid advancements in the livestock industry subsequently change dietary habits and increase the demand for animal products and their byproducts worldwide. However, they also escalate manure production due to intensive livestock practices and raise the issue of nutrient-rich livestock waste and the treatment of wastewater before its final disposal, since untreated waste and wastewater generated by the farms cause numerous environmental hazards such as greenhouse gas emissions, soil acidification, nutrient accumulation and eutrophication in receiving water bodies. Furthermore, failure in the implementation of strict policies and regulations on manure management also contribute to the deterioration of the soil and water ecosystems in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge and research on managing animal waste and wastewater are required, which is a new potential research direction for environmental researchers. In the last two decades, several studies have continuously focused on emerging technologies for animal waste and wastewater management, on which diverse research fields are converging as a new scope. It is important to track the progress as different treatment methods are proposed, validated and tested.

In this Special Issue, original manuscripts that address any aspects of animal waste and wastewater management are invited. This Special Issue will feature work on livestock waste and wastewater management including animal mortality and the treatment of animal waste streams using biological, chemical and physical treatment methods, etc. The other topics of interest are listed below.

  • Operational and control strategies for various manure-treatment processes;
  • Manure composting and the microbiology of composting;
  • GHG emissions from livestock manure, inventories, mechanisms and mitigation studies;
  • Odor emissions from livestock, inventories, mechanisms, and mitigation studies;
  • Resource recovery with a focus on the simultaneous recovery of N and P;
  • Energy production and utilization, etc.

The Special Issue will not be confined to the abovementioned topics; other related topics regarding recent advances or advanced methods in livestock waste and wastewater management will also be welcome.

Prof. Dr. Changsix Ra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • livestock waste and wastewater management
  • livestock mortality, composting
  • manure management
  • wastewater treatment
  • anaerobic digestion
  • nutrient recovery
  • nutrient removal
  • nutrient budget
  • energy production and utilization

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2580 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Control Technology for a Bio-Liquor Circulation System in a Swine Barn with Slurry Pit: Pilot Scale Study
by Seungsoo Kim, Soomin Shim, Seunggun Won, Junghoon Kwag and Changsix Ra
Animals 2022, 12(21), 2941; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212941 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1636
Abstract
The livestock industry, especially swine production, has been pressurized by vicinity complaints about odor in Korea. Therefore, a lot of effort has been undertaken regarding reducing the odor emissions from pigsties, widely carried out and the washing out manure in slurry pit by [...] Read more.
The livestock industry, especially swine production, has been pressurized by vicinity complaints about odor in Korea. Therefore, a lot of effort has been undertaken regarding reducing the odor emissions from pigsties, widely carried out and the washing out manure in slurry pit by liquid-phase compost has particularly been spotlighted with outstanding performance of odor reduction. However, such a washing out manure called bio-liquor circulation system (BCS) has been controlled by a timer with designated reaction time, which cannot guarantee the system performance. This research proposes an effective real-time control technology for BCS, which circulates bio-liquor to the slurry pit of swine barns. The real-time control system was operated through accurate detection of the designated control points on the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH time profiles for the nitrate knee point (NKP) and nitrogen break point (NBP) in anoxic and aerobic conditions with 100 and 99.6% performances, respectively. The duration of the anoxic and aerobic phases was also automated and noticeably lowered the concentration of nutrients in the manure in the slurry-pit, which served as a source of malodor. The real-time control strategy may be an innovative way to reduce odor and simultaneously produce liquid fertilizer, and provides a reference for the optimization of the industrial scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Livestock Waste and Wastewater Management)
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16 pages, 1643 KiB  
Article
Is Dairy Effluent an Alternative for Maize Crop Fertigation in Semiarid Regions? An Approach to Agronomic and Environmental Effects
by Banira Lombardi, Luciano Orden, Patricio Varela, Maximiliano Garay, Gastón Alejandro Iocoli, Agustín Montenegro, José Sáez-Tovar, María Ángeles Bustamante, María Paula Juliarena and Raul Moral
Animals 2022, 12(16), 2025; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12162025 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2399
Abstract
The reuse of effluents from intensive dairy farms combined with localized irrigation techniques (fertigation) has become a promising alternative to increase crop productivity while reducing the environmental impact of waste accumulation and industrial fertilizers production. Currently, the reuse of dairy effluents through fertigation [...] Read more.
The reuse of effluents from intensive dairy farms combined with localized irrigation techniques (fertigation) has become a promising alternative to increase crop productivity while reducing the environmental impact of waste accumulation and industrial fertilizers production. Currently, the reuse of dairy effluents through fertigation by subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems is of vital importance for arid regions but it has been poorly studied. The present study aimed to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil properties, and crop yield of a maize crop fertigated with either treated dairy effluent or dissolved granulated urea applied through an SDI system at a normalized N application rate of 200 kg N ha−1. Fertilizer application was divided into six fertigation events. GHG fluxes were measured during fertigation (62-day) using static chambers. Soil properties were measured previous to fertilizer applications and at the harvest coinciding with crop yield estimation. A slight increase in soil organic matter was observed in both treatments for the 20–60 cm soil depth. Both treatments also showed similar maize yields, but the dairy effluent increased net GHG emissions more than urea during the fertigation period. Nevertheless, the net GHG emissions from the dairy effluent were lower than the theoretical CO2eq emission that would have been emitted during urea manufacturing or the longer storage of the effluent if it had not been used, showing the need for life-cycle assessments. Local-specific emission factors for N2O were determined (0.07%), which were substantially lower than the default value (0.5%) of IPCC 2019. Thus, the subsurface drip irrigation systems can lead to low GHG emissions, although further studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Livestock Waste and Wastewater Management)
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20 pages, 3219 KiB  
Article
Pig Manure Management: A Methodology for Environmentally Friendly Decision-Making
by Andrey Izmaylov, Aleksandr Briukhanov, Ekaterina Shalavina and Eduard Vasilev
Animals 2022, 12(6), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12060747 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8117
Abstract
The current trend towards larger pig farms increases their profitability but might harm animal welfare and the environment. More efficient pig manure management is a way to address this challenge. Available manure handling and utilisation systems may feature from 8 to 50% nutrient [...] Read more.
The current trend towards larger pig farms increases their profitability but might harm animal welfare and the environment. More efficient pig manure management is a way to address this challenge. Available manure handling and utilisation systems may feature from 8 to 50% nutrient loss to the environment. Therefore, the proper choice of technological solutions is of high priority. In regard, the study developed a methodology including calculation, analysis and modelling techniques for the accurate accounting of manure amount, its fractions and their nitrogen and phosphorus content for different processing technologies with due regard to the limiting factors of the farm and the end-product consumer requirements. The methodology was applied to justify the best suitable processing technology for a large-scale pig farm in the Leningrad Region with 17,800 heads of pigs and 54,750 t of pig manure per year. The selected technology included manure separation into fractions, aeration and secondary sedimentation of the liquid fraction and passive composting of the solid fraction. It demonstrated the total amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the end-products of 278.94 t per year, with the 26% total nutrients loss on all technological stages, and specific capital and operating costs of USD 55.5 per ton of manure produced. The methodology was tested by comparing the calculated data and the data from previous surveys of 15 pig farms in Russia. The differences between the values were found from 0.9 to 12.5% in mass; 2.8 to 13.9% in N content and 1.7 to 9.9% in P content. The developed methodology supports planning the production of the manure-based end-products in a given amount and with target nutrient content, depending on different processing technological solutions, achieving both economic and environmental goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Livestock Waste and Wastewater Management)
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18 pages, 4476 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Bioreactor Performance Using Acclimatised Seed Sludge in Anaerobic Treatment of Chicken Slaughterhouse Wastewater: Laboratory Achievement, Energy Recovery, and Its Commercial-Scale Potential
by Tuan Nurfarhana Tuan Mohd Marzuki, Syazwani Idrus, Mohammed Ali Musa, Abdul Malek Abdul Wahab, Nur Syakina Jamali, Hasfalina Che Man and Sabrina Ng Muhamad Ng
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113313 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3125
Abstract
Lack of good management practice of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) has caused pollution into water bodies. In this study, the potential of seed sludge acclimatised modified synthetic wastewater (MSWW) on bioreactor performance and energy recovery of CSWW treatment was investigated. Two sets of [...] Read more.
Lack of good management practice of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) has caused pollution into water bodies. In this study, the potential of seed sludge acclimatised modified synthetic wastewater (MSWW) on bioreactor performance and energy recovery of CSWW treatment was investigated. Two sets of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were employed. The seed sludge in UASB 2 was acclimatised with MSWW for 30 days. In UASB 1, no acclimatisation process was undertaken on seed sludge for control purposes. After the acclimatisation process of UASB 2, both reactors were supplied with CSWW under the same condition of organic loading rate (OLR = 0.5 to 6 gCOD/L/d) and mesophilic condition (37 °C). COD removal efficiencies of UASB 2 were >80% all through the steady-state of the OLR applied. Meanwhile, a drastic decrease in overall performance was observed in UASB 1 when the OLR was increased to 3, 4, 5, and 6 gCOD/L/d. Energy recovery from laboratory scale and projected value from commercial-scale bioreactor were 0.056 kWh and 790.49 kWh per day, respectively. Preliminary design of an on-site commercial-scale anaerobic reactor was proposed at a capacity of 60 m3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Livestock Waste and Wastewater Management)
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