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Antioxidants
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Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants...
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Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Intestinal Mucosa

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2022) | Viewed by 30690

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Thea Magrone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
U.O.C. Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Consorziale di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: immunology; microbiology; nutrition; mucosal immunity; nutraceuticals; polyphenols; pathology; obesity; cytokines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luigi Santacroce

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: human microbiota; probiotics; H. pylori; SARS-CoV-2; oncogenesis; history of medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary habits, especially in westernized and industrialized countries, lead to an increasing incidence of developing various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, liver disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and colon cancer. These disorders are due to the crosstalk between the gut and the central nervous system where both act on the endocrine and immune systems. With particular regard to the interaction between the gut microbiota and the immune system, disruption of the former may promote tumorigenesis. However, certain dietary molecules such as polyphenols, prebiotics, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that can restore the eubiosis condition. In addition to these dietary natural compounds, the gut microbiota is able to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the large intestine as fermentation products from food components which are not absorbed or digested in the small intestine and possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, both the bioactive principles of each of the above natural compounds and the SCFAs produced by the intestinal communities can mitigate oxidative stress in the intestinal mucosa. On this basis, this Special Issue will explore the protective effects exerted by both natural compounds and SCFAs. In particular, SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota and their antioxidant properties will be investigated to develop new nutritional strategies for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Therefore, intestinal microbial composition, the mechanism of action, and their effects on the immune system at local and systemic levels will be investigated for a better understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota, resident immune cells, and ingested foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Finally, considering the growing importance of green economy, papers focused on environmental preservation and waste recycling are also welcome.

Dr. Thea Magrone
Dr. Luigi Santacroce
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioactive compounds
  • diet
  • gut microbiota
  • immune system
  • short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
  • tumorigenesis
  • potential use of fruit and vegetable byproducts
  • green economy

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4148 KiB  
Article
Theabrownin Alleviates Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Murine AOM/DSS Model via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Suppression and Gut Microbiota Modulation
by Hoi Kit Matthew Leung, Emily Kwun Kwan Lo and Hani El-Nezami
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091716 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3659
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide, yet therapeutic options for CRC often exhibit strong side effects which cause patients’ well-being to deteriorate. Theabrownin (TB), an antioxidant from Pu-erh tea, has previously been reported to have antitumor [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide, yet therapeutic options for CRC often exhibit strong side effects which cause patients’ well-being to deteriorate. Theabrownin (TB), an antioxidant from Pu-erh tea, has previously been reported to have antitumor effects on non-small-cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, gliomas, and melanoma. However, the potential antitumor effect of TB on CRC has not previously been investigated in vivo. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of TB on CRC and the underlying mechanisms. Azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) was used to establish CRC tumorigenesis in a wild type mice model. TB was found to significantly reduce the total tumor count and improve crypt length and fibrosis of the colon when compared to the AOM/DSS group. Immunohistochemistry staining shows that the expression of the proliferation marker, Ki67 was reduced, while cleaved caspase 3 was increased in the TB group. Furthermore, TB significantly reduced phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and the downstream mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)and cyclin D1 protein expression, which might contribute to cell proliferation suppression and apoptosis enhancement. The 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that TB significantly modulated the gut microbiota composition in AOM/DSS mice. TB increased the abundance of short chain fatty acid as well as SCFA-producing Prevotellaceae and Alloprevotella, and it decreased CRC-related Bacteroidceae and Bacteroides. Taken together, our results suggest that TB could inhibit tumor formation and potentially be a promising candidate for CRC treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Intestinal Mucosa)
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Review

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41 pages, 4612 KiB  
Review
Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota
by Yoko Matsumura, Masahiro Kitabatake, Shin-ichi Kayano and Toshihiro Ito
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040880 - 4 Apr 2023
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 10525
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, lignans, stilbenoids, curcuminoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. They have phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. These compounds are present in most plants, are abundant in nature, and contribute to the bitterness and color of various foods. Dietary phenolic compounds, such as quercetin in onions and sesamin in sesame, exhibit antioxidant activity and help prevent cell aging and diseases. In addition, other kinds of compounds, such as tannins, have larger molecular weights, and many unexplained aspects still exist. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds may be beneficial for human health. On the other hand, metabolism by intestinal bacteria changes the structures of these compounds with antioxidant properties, and the resulting metabolites exert their effects in vivo. In recent years, it has become possible to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The augmentation of the intestinal microbiota by the intake of phenolic compounds has been implicated in disease prevention and symptom recovery. Furthermore, the “brain–gut axis”, which is a communication system between the gut microbiome and brain, is attracting increasing attention, and research has revealed that the gut microbiota and dietary phenolic compounds affect brain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of dietary phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities against some diseases, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, the augmentation of the intestinal microflora, and their effects on the brain–gut axis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Intestinal Mucosa)
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23 pages, 1796 KiB  
Review
The Chelating Ability of Plant Polyphenols Can Affect Iron Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota
by Aurelia Scarano, Barbara Laddomada, Federica Blando, Stefania De Santis, Giulio Verna, Marcello Chieppa and Angelo Santino
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030630 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4505
Abstract
In the past decades, many studies have widely examined the effects of dietary polyphenols on human health. Polyphenols are well known for their antioxidant properties and for their chelating abilities, by which they can be potentially employed in cases of pathological conditions, such [...] Read more.
In the past decades, many studies have widely examined the effects of dietary polyphenols on human health. Polyphenols are well known for their antioxidant properties and for their chelating abilities, by which they can be potentially employed in cases of pathological conditions, such as iron overload. In this review, we have highlighted the chelating abilities of polyphenols, which are due to their structural specific sites, and the differences for each class of polyphenols. We have also explored how the dietary polyphenols and their iron-binding abilities can be important in inflammatory/immunomodulatory responses, with a special focus on the involvement of macrophages and dendritic cells, and how they might contribute to reshape the gut microbiota into a healthy profile. This review also provides evidence that the axes “polyphenol–iron metabolism–inflammatory responses” and “polyphenol–iron availability–gut microbiota” have not been very well explored so far, and the need for further investigation to exploit such a potential to prevent or counteract pathological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Intestinal Mucosa)
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26 pages, 999 KiB  
Review
Dietary EVOO Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interaction: Are There Any Sex/Gender Influences?
by Massimo D’Archivio, Carmela Santangelo, Annalisa Silenzi, Beatrice Scazzocchio, Rosaria Varì and Roberta Masella
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091744 - 2 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3099
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that regular consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, is associated with beneficial health effects and a reduced risk of developing chronic degenerative disorders. The beneficial effects of EVOO can be [...] Read more.
Accumulating evidence indicates that regular consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, is associated with beneficial health effects and a reduced risk of developing chronic degenerative disorders. The beneficial effects of EVOO can be attributed to its unique composition in monounsaturated fats and phenolic compounds that provide important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating activities. On the other hand, it is well known that the gut microbiota has several important roles in normal human physiology, and its composition can be influenced by a multitude of environmental and lifestyle factors, among which dietary components play a relevant role. In the last few years, the two-way interaction between polyphenols, including those in EVOO, and the gut microbiota, i.e., the modulation of the microbiota by polyphenols and that of polyphenol metabolism and bioavailability by the microbiota, has attracted growing attention, being potentially relevant to explain the final effects of polyphenols, as well as of the microbiota profile. Furthermore, sex and gender can affect dietary habits, polyphenol intake, and nutrient metabolism. Lastly, it has been recently suggested that differences in gut microbiota composition could be involved in the unequal incidence of metabolic diseases observed between women and men, due to sex-dependent effects on shaping gut microbiota profiles according to diet. This review summarizes the most recent studies on the relationship between EVOO polyphenols and the gut microbiota, taking into account possible influences of sex and gender in modulating such an interaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Intestinal Mucosa)
18 pages, 1114 KiB  
Review
The Beneficial Effects of Natural Extracts and Bioactive Compounds on the Gut-Liver Axis: A Promising Intervention for Alcoholic Liver Disease
by Liang Zhao, Shaoxuan Wang, Nanhai Zhang, Jingxuan Zhou, Arshad Mehmood, Rifat Nowshin Raka, Feng Zhou and Lei Zhao
Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061211 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3650
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can cause fatty liver (steatosis), steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Alcohol consumption can also disturb the composition of gut microbiota, increasing the composition of harmful microbes and decreasing [...] Read more.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can cause fatty liver (steatosis), steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Alcohol consumption can also disturb the composition of gut microbiota, increasing the composition of harmful microbes and decreasing beneficial ones. Restoring eubiosis or preventing dysbiosis after alcohol consumption is an important strategy in treating ALD. Plant natural products and polyphenolic compounds exert beneficial effects on several metabolic disorders associated with ALD. Natural products and related phytochemicals act through multiple pathways, such as modulating gut microbiota, improving redox stress, and anti-inflammation. In the present review article, we gather information on natural extract and bioactive compounds on the gut-liver axis for the possible treatment of ALD. Supplementation with natural extracts and bioactive compounds promoted the intestinal tight junction, protected against the alcohol-induced gut leakiness and inflammation, and reduced endotoxemia in alcohol-exposed animals. Taken together, natural extracts and bioactive compounds have strong potential against ALD; however, further clinical studies are still needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Intestinal Mucosa)
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17 pages, 839 KiB  
Review
Tea Polyphenols: A Natural Antioxidant Regulates Gut Flora to Protect the Intestinal Mucosa and Prevent Chronic Diseases
by Xinzhou Wang, Yanan Liu, Zufang Wu, Peng Zhang and Xin Zhang
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020253 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3851
Abstract
The intestinal tract of a healthy human body hosts many microorganisms that are closely linked to all aspects of people’s lives. The impact of intestinal flora on host health is no longer limited to the gut but can also affect every organ in [...] Read more.
The intestinal tract of a healthy human body hosts many microorganisms that are closely linked to all aspects of people’s lives. The impact of intestinal flora on host health is no longer limited to the gut but can also affect every organ in the body through various pathways. Studies have found that intestinal flora can be altered by external factors, which provides new ideas for treating some diseases. Tea polyphenols (TP), a general term for polyphenols in tea, are widely used as a natural antioxidant in various bioactive foods. In recent years, with the progress of research, there have been many experiments that provide strong evidence for the ability of TP to regulate intestinal flora. However, there are very few studies on the use of TP to modify the composition of intestinal microorganisms to maintain health or treat related diseases, and this area has not received sufficient attention. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which TP regulates intestinal flora and the essential role in maintaining suitable health. In addition, we highlighted the protective effects of TP on intestinal mucosa by regulating intestinal flora and the preventive and therapeutic effects on certain chronic diseases, which will help further explore measures to prevent related chronic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Resident Microbiota: The Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on the Intestinal Mucosa)
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